i1J"V--
-B^
%$M
::- ■■;;,
CALIFORNIA ^
BTdoT'iEadiiHB i
California State Library
Accession No.
Can jVo. qc\p££<Q >? TttllU
V\?o
.
est;
INDEX TO VOLUME 121
Mining and Scientific Press
July to December, 1 920
Page
cme Motor Truck To
dam, H. R. . . .Resume of literature on the theory of
flotation 765
Advertiser anil the editor A correspondence. . . . 408
Ditto Editorial..., 103
advertising ethics P. B. McDonald. . . . 545
Aerial mail Editorial .... 402
Agnew, John A Editorial. ... 327
Alaska Gold Mines Co Editorial. . . . 898
Alaska Treadwell Editorial. . . . 475
Alderson. Victor C Editorial. ... 441
Ditto Oil-Shale Industry, book review. . . . 473
leer. F. R. . .Underground prospecting at Joplin. ... 109
Ulen. A. W Science and industry. . . . 161
Hen. C. A Signaling mine-hoists from moving
cages 232
•Ulis-Chalmers Mfg. Co 64 5
Copper converters 145
Lluminum, manufacture of 15
Amalgamation, steaming of plates 20
\merican Lubricants, book review . L. B. Lockhart. ... S23
kmerican-made gold-dredge for New Zealand 324
Operations of Consolidated Gold Fields of South
Africa 881
American Mining Congress 747
Ditto Editorial 752, 790, S26
\merican Smelting & Refining Co 215
American Steel & Wire Co 218
Americanization Editorial .... 3
\naconda company and taxes Editorial. ... 470
Enterprise in Chile 698
Apex litigation John J. Presley. ... 81
Application of the Bradford flotation process to mixed
sulphide concentrates
W. D. Green and Wm. Fagergren . . . . 455
Vrizona. mineral production of: 664
Arnold. Ralph, J. L. Darnell, and others. . . .Manual for
the Oil and Gas Industry, book review 33
\ssaving methods at the Globe & Phoenix mine
H. R. Edmands. ... 451
Association of Accountants 10S
Australian treatment of American low-grade copper
ores 419
B
Bacon, John Lord Forge Practice and Heat-Treat-
ment of Steel, book review 3 3
Bad language Editorial .... 39
Bailey, F. J. . . .First-aid and mine-rescue contest. ... 241
Baking 'gold' ore Paul T. Bruhl. ... 479
Ditto B. L. Gardiner .... 89
Ball-granulators 645
Barber-Greene bucket-loader 930
Barrett Company 929
Barrows. David P Editorial .... 29.3
Bastin, Edson S., and H. D. McCaskey Work on
mineral resources by U. S. G. S 166
Beck, E. G. . . .Structural Steelwork, book review. ... 473
Belmont Shawmut Mining Co., mill
Henry Hanson. . . . 793
Mine and mill A. B. Parsons. . . . 619, 659
Page
Belt-conveyors 399
Joining, new booklet on 217
Selection am! treatment of E. J. Black.... 34
Benedict, W. deL Concerning silver. . . . 329
Benguet Consolidated, milling practice at
C. M. Eye and M. F. Dodd .... 805, 84J
Benitez. A. T Interviews with Governors of
Zacatecas and Durango 667
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation 323, 474
Bethlehem Steel Corporation 218
Bingham decision Editorial. . . . 721
Bishop. Thomas Carlton Structural Drafting and
the Design of Details, book review 33
Black. E. .1 Selection and treatment of
transmission belts 34
Black. N. Henry, and James Bryant Conant. .Practical
Chemistry, book review 575
Blast-furnaces at Copper Cliff 45S
Fired with coal H. C. Robson. . . . 409
Slag, use of 664
Blessing. George F., and Lewis F. Darling. . .Elements
of descriptive geometry, book review 823
Blinn. Leroy J Tin. Sheet-Iron, and Copper-Plate
Worker, book review 473
Boiling-points of water under reduced pressure 646
Bolivian silver-tin ores M. G. F. Sohnlein. . . . 384
Books written in a hurry. . . . M. W. von Bernewitz. ... 43
Borzynski. F Case oil-fired assay-furnace. ... 42
Bosworth. T. O Geology of the Mid-Continent
Oilfields, book review 435
Bounty on gold Editorial. . . . 684
Bourne, F. J. .Human factor in mine management. . . . 831
Boyer, L. R A new track-scale. ... 107
Bradford flotation process on mixed sulphides
W. D. Green and Wm. Fagergren. ... 455
Branner. John Caspar 581
Brannt. William T., and Dr. George Langbein . .Electro-
Deposition of Metals, book review 435
Brass Check Editorial .... 753
Brazil, geology of F. Lynwood Garrison. . . . 581
Brinsmade, Robert B Wages, profits, and social
ethics 151
Broken Hills Silver Corporation Editorial. . . . 222
Brown, G. Chester Electric detonators. ... 81
Bruhl, Paul T Baking a gold ore. . . . 479
Ditto Engineering education. . . . 615
Bull-pen in the Coeur d'Alene T. A. Rickard. . . . 335
Bullard, E. D Gas-masks. . . . 546
Bunker Hill Enterprise. . T. A. Rickard. .195, 227, 335, 413
Ditto S. F. Shaw. . . . 185
Burch, Albert Editorial .... 295
A western engineer T. A. Rickard. . . . 299
Burma Corporation Editorial .... 327
Burro Mountain concentrator 285
Business Man and His Bank, book review
William H. Kniffin . ... 473
Outlook Charles T. Hutchinson. . . . 755
Butler. H. G Distribution of power in
California 688
Butte and the election Editorial. . . . 719
Butte it Superior Mining Co., company report 3 66
Mining methods at A. B. Parsons. . . . 513
Butters, Charles Concerning silver. ... 5, 185
.MINING AND-. SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Vol. 121
Page
c ...... ••:.••:: • ".
C. T. H Three hours with t'he;Qeid6oratV.'. : .\" 6i'
Caetani, Gelasio Editorial. ... 860
Calderwood, James P., and Andrey A. Potter. . . .Ele-
ments of Steam and Gas Power Engineering,
book review 435
California Metal Producers Association 304
Call to arms A. E. Zeh .... 41
Calumet & Hecla Mining Co., curtailment at 813
Ditto Editorial. . . . 719
Camp Bird, Mr. Agnew, and Mr. Spurr
John A. Agnew. ... 79
Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
R. C. Wallace 773
Care of rock-drills Howard R. Drullard. ... 310
Case oil-fired assay-furnace F. Borzynski. ... 42
Centrifugal pumps Editorial. ... 76
Ditto Robert S. Lewis. ... 83, 479
Cerro de Pasco, pulverized coal as fuel
Otis L. Mclntyre. ... 55
Chauvenet, Regis, obituary 856
Chile Copper Co. report 103
Chile, mining nitrates in P. A. Raymond. . . . 257
China, copper 'i 82
Chloride volatilization Editorial. ... 2
Chloridizing roasting M. G. F. Sohnlein. . . . 384, 688
Chomley, W. B Price of gold. ... 617
Chromiferous iron ore 738
Chuquicamata Robert Clarke .... 405
Mines at 280
Clark, Charles W 811
Clarke, Robert Chuquicamata. ... 405
Clawson, Spencer W., obituary 321
Clennell. J. E Early days on the Rand. ... 51
Coal, production per man 421
Cobalt 560
Silver producers Editorial. . . . 859
Code of ethics Editorial .... 4
Ditto A. T. Parsons .... 42
Collins, Henry F Record for cheap mining. ... 373
Colorado School of Mines Editorial. ... 369
Combinations of gold J. H. Mockett, Jr. . . . 6
Company reports. . . .Butte & Superior Mining Co. . . . 366
Ditto Dome Mines Co. . . . 366
Conant, James Bryant, and N. Henry Black. .Practical
Chemistry, book review 575
Concentrator of Belmont Shawmut Co
A. B. Parsons. . . . 659
Concerning shift-bosses Editorial. . . . 752
Silver W deL. Benedict. . . . 329
Ditto Charles Butters. ... 5, 185
Ditto Frank L. Sizer. . . . 298
Conditions in Mexico
An Occasional Correspondent. ... 345
Conference on standardization 395
Contreras, Adriano, and Ramon Oriol Spanish
Mining Directory, book review 473
Conventions Editorial. ... 77
Conveying hot material by belts 108
Co-operation and reciprocity 785
Copper converters at Clarkdale, Arizona 145
Deposits of Lake Superior S. S. Lang. ... 408
In China 82
Industry of British Columbia 889
Output, January to June, 1920 213
Production Editorial. . . . 403
Production in U. S., 1913 to 1919 383
Production statistics 641
Copper Canyon mine 566
Copperopolis fire 737
Corless, C. V Editorial. . . . 827
Ditto Labor the holder of the nation's
wealth 829
Cornish mining Editorial. ... 295
Coronado mine operations 469
Cottrell treater, flue type A. B. Young. . . . 273
Cox, James M 62
Crescent Belt Fastener Co , 108, 217
Cripple Creek and Pikes Peak Editorial. ... 149
Crocker, Wm Question and answer. ... 80
Crossing the bay Editorial. . . . 510
Crowell & Murray. . . .The Iron Ores of Lake Superior,
book review 473
Cubore, a new type of ship 218
Curves for ore-valuation K. K. Hood. ... 270
Cutler Hammer Mfg. Co 110
Cutting a 44-in. riser 682
..•••••. Page
Cyanide, -practice at Benguet Consolidated
: •" • • '•' CM. Eye and M. F. Dodd. . . . 805, 841
Cyaniding concentrate at Belmont Shawmut property. .
A. B. Parsons. ... 659
Flotation, concentrate Henry Hanson. ... 793
D
Danger from explosives fume in metal mining
D. Harrington and B. W. Dyer.... 308
Darling, Lewis F., and George F. Blessing. .Elements
of Descriptive Geometry, book review 823
Darnell, J. L., Ralph Arnold, and others .... Manual
for the Oil and Gas Industry, book review. ... 33
Dawson and gold production 570
Day, David E Oil-shale industry. . . . 298
Day, David T Editorial. . . . 442
Dayton, Nevada, dredge 464, 474
Decision in Deister patent suits 400
Deepest mine Editorial .... 477
Deister Machine Co 400
de Laschmutt, Ivan 819
Democrats, three hours with the C. T. H. . . . 61
Denver Fire-Clay Co 681
Denver Rock Drill Mfg. Co 257, 787
Design of Highway Bridges, 2nd edition, book review. .
Milo S. Ketchum.... 575
Determination of molybdenum 343
Dings magnetic separator 218
Distribution of power in California. .H. G. Butler. . ... 688
Dividends from metal mines in North America 365
Divining rod Editorial .... 721
Ditto W. A. Middleton. . . . 863
Ditto William Pryce. . . . 733
Ditto Forbes Rickard. . . . 863
Ditto Grant H. Smith 863
Dodd, M. F., and C. M. Eye Milling practice at
Benguet Consolidated Mine 805, 841
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co 824, 895
Dolbear, Samuel H Enlarging maps. ... 374
Dollar, Capt. Robert Editorial. . . . 790
Dome Mines Co., company report 366
Dorman & Co., W. H 610
Drainage of swamps to reduce pumping 496
Dredging in New Zealand A. C. Ludlum. . . . 479
Drilling contest at Jerome 133
Drullard, Howard R Care of rock-drills. . . . 310
Dust in metal mines 3 52
Dwight-Lloyd roasters at Port Pirie smelter. ...:....
Gilbert Rigg. ... 90
Dyer, B. W., and D. Harrington Danger from
explosives fume in metal mining 308
Dynamobile 681
E
Early days on the Rand J. E. Clennell. ... 51
Edison Lamp Works 217
Editorial
Americanization 3
Bad language 39
Bingham decision 721
Bounty on gold 684
Brass Check 753
Burma Corporation 327
Code of ethics 4
Colorado School of Mines 369
Concerning shift-bosses 75 2
Conventions 77
Copper production 403
Cornish mining 295
Crossing the bay 510
Deepest mine 477
Divining rod 721
Election 684
Electrolytic zinc 792
Engineering education 223
Examination of mines 223
Federal Trade Commission 114
Federal Trade Commission and Minerals Separa-
tion 262
Flotation conference 790
From Leadviile to Cyprus 685
Geologic fallacies 182
Great steel strike 371
Grievance 404
Harding's acceptance 150
Immigration 900
Vol l'-M
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Pat*
impending labor crisis 862
Impressions or the Mining Congress B61
ln.lusin.il leadership 4 1"
In.lusiriul relations 511
Japanese In California f>4 3
l.lndley. I'urtis H 791
Metal quotations 112
Mining finance 476
New mineral 580
News (roni Mexico 78
Oil-shale industry 441
Our national responsibility 613
Ownership of mine water 612
Pike's Peak anil Cripple Creek 149
Polish muddle 261
Question of ethics 403
Rising tide of color 648
Salting of mines 183
Smelting lead-zinc ores 113
Speakers and speeches 826
Stores in mining communities 649
Struggle at Klo Tlnto 326
Western engineer 295
Work ol Congress 40
Yankee engineer 899
Edmands. H. R Notes on routine assaying at the
Globe & Phoenix mine 451
Education of engineers Editorial. . . . 223
El Tlgre. geology of R. T. MIshler. . . . 583
Election Editorial. . . . 579. 684
Electric detonators G. Chester Brown. ... 81
Furnace at San Francisco mint 865
Furnace voltage regulator 507
Electric Steel Co 474
Electricity at the Bunker Hill property
T. A. Rickard 195, 227
Electro-Deposition of Metals, book review
Dr. George Langbein and William T. Brannt. ... 435
Metallurgy of manganese ore 132
Electrolytic separation of copper from a copper-cobalt-
nickel matte R. G. Knickerbocker. ... 45
Zinc Editorial. . . . 792
Zinc methods Herbert R. Hanley. . . . 795
Elements of Descriptive Geometry, book review
George F. Blessing and Lewis F. Darling. . . . 823
Of Steam and Gas Power Engineering, book review
Andrey A. Potter and James P. Calderwood. ... 435
Elliott, Charles G. . . .Engineering for Land Drainage,
book review 33
Elliott. Edward Federal Reserve system. . . . 699
'Engineer' Power resources. . . . 480
Engineer and national prosperity
George Otis Smith.... 243
Engineer mine 923
Engineering Council E. H. Leslie. . . . 704
Engineering education Paul T. Bruhl. . . . 615
Ditto Editorial. . . . 223
Ditto P. B. McDonald 329
Engineering for Land Drainage, book review
Charles G. Elliott. ... 33
Enlarging maps Samuel H. Dolbear. . . . 374
Enriquez, Ignacio Editorial. . . . 578
Esperanza, Ltd 752
Ethics, a code of Editorial .... 4
Ditto A. T. Parsons .... 42
Professional Robert Hawxhurst, Jr. . . . 79
Examination of mines Editorial. . . . 223
Exploitation of manganese deposits 23 7
Explosives fume, danger from
D. Harrington and B. W. Dyer. ... 308
Handling of 242
Exporter's Gazetteer of Foreign Markets, book review
Lloyd R. Morris.... 4 73
Eye, C. M., and M. F. Dodd Milling practice at
Benguet Consolidated mine 805, 841
Fagergren, Wm., and W. D. Green ...'. Application of
Bradford flotation process to mixed sulphide
concentrates 455
Fagergren flotation machine 457
Fairbanks Co., E. & T 107
Fans for mine ventilation Walter S. Weeks. ... 11
Farnsworth, Philo Taylor, obituary 178
Farrell, J. H Tonopah Divide report. . . . 709
Federal Reserve system Edward Elliott. ... 699
And crops Editorial .... 578
Pan
Federal Trade Commission Editorial. ... Ill
And Minerals Separation
Ditto Editorial 262
Federated American Engineering Societies 290, 783
Ditto Editorial. .. . 761
Field. Charles K Editorial. ... 683
Ditto Hoover's biography. . . . 688
Fighting mine tires H. J. Rahllly.
Finance, some principles of Robert S. Lewis. . . . 487
Fires In mines of the South-West
Charles A. Mltke. . . ,166, 187
Fire-walls made of gunlte 3 5
First-aid and mine-rescue contest. . . .F. J. Bailey. ... 241
Flotation conference Editorial. . . . 790
Controlling factors in Ralph D. Nevett. . . . 349
Mechanism of surface phenomena of
Irving Langmulr. . . . 913
Mill-runs v. laboratory tests
Frederick G. Moses. ... 238
Of graphite 624
Oils 929
Processes, 'The Mining Magazine' 279
Resume of literature on theory of . .H. R. Adam. . . . 765
Tests James M. Hyde. . . . 481
Flue type of Cottrell treater A. B. Young. . . . 273
Food-draft system of the American Relief Administra-
tion Edgar Rickard .... 739
Foote. Arthur DeW Editorial 899
Dftto T. A. Rickard. . . . 901
Forge Practice and Heat-Treatment of Steel, book
review John Lord Bacon. ... 33
Fort Norman, oil at Editorial. . . . 721
Foster, William Z Editorial. . . . 370
Freight-rates in Utah 316
Increases on ores 503
To Nabuska 920
French loan 434
French, Thomas Price of gold. . . . 115
Fresnillo mine and mill 76 4
Friend, J. Newton Text-Book of Inorganic
Chemistry, Vol. IX, Part 1, book review 33
From Leadville to Cyprus Editorial. . . . 685
Fuller's earth 23
Fulton, R. E. . . .Motor trucks at freight terminals. . . . 108
Fume from explosives Jeffrey Schweitzer. ... 408
Fundamental principles of industrial employment rela-
tions 437
G
Garrison, F. Lynwood Geology of Brazil. . . . 581
Gas-masks E. D. Bullard . . . . 546
Gavin, Martin J Oil-shales and
their economic importance 193
General Electric Co 217, 438
Geologic fallacies Editorial .... 182
Geologists as expert witnesses F. L. Ransome. . . . 666
Geology at El Oro S. J. Lewis. . . . 527
Of Brazil F. Lynwood Garrison. ... 581
Of El Tigre district R. T. Mishler. . . . 583
Of sundry districts in Mexico S. J. Lewis. ... 16
Of Zacualpan district S. J. Lewis. . . . 379
Geology of Mid-Continent Oilfields, book review
T. O. Bosworth. . . . 435
Geology of the Non-Metallic Deposits Other Than Sili-
cates, Vol. I, book review"
Amadeus W. Grabau.... 823
Gilsonite 244
Gold bounty Editorial. ... Ill
Committee, report to Secretary of the Treasury. . . . 705
In India Editorial .... 898
Price of W. B. Chomley. ... 617
World's production of 168
Gold, its Place in the Economy of Mankind, book review
Benjamin White. ... 823
Goldfield Development Co 778
Goodsprings, Yellow Pine mill at 239
Grabau, Amadeus W.... Geology of the Non-Metallic
Deposits Other Than Silicates, book review. ... 823
Grabill, C. A Japanese in California. . . . 617
Ditto Umpire assays. ... 615
Grass Valley mines Editorial. . . .899, 901
Great steel strike Editorial. ... 371
Green, W. D., and Wm. Fagergren .... Application of
Bradford flotation process to mixed sulphide
concentrates 455
Grievance Editorial .... 404
Gross, John. . . .Recovery of gold from black sand. ... 770
'Gunite' for fire-walls 3 5
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Vol. 121
Hadley. Isaac B., obituary
Hague, James D Editorial ....
Handling of explosives
Hanley, Herbert R Editorial. . . .
Ditto Electrolytic zinc methods. . . .
Hanson, Henry Belmont Shawmut mill. . . .
Harding's acceptance Editorial ....
Harrington, D., and B. W. Dyer Danger from
explosives fume in metal mining
Hatt, William Kendrick, and H. H. Scofleld. . . .Labora-
tory Manual of Testing Materials, book review.
Haulage underground, safety in
Hawxhurst, Robert, Jr Professional ethics. . . .
Hazen, Allen, and Gardner S. Williams
Hydraulic Tables, 3rd edition, book review. . . .
Herron, David, A., obituary
Hill, James M
Hines, P. R Recent metallurgy at Trail. . . .
History of mine-fires in the South-West
Charles A. Mitke. . . .155,
Hoisting equipment at Tonopah Extension mine
Signaling from moving cages C. A. Allen. . . .
Hollinger Consolidated
Holt Manufacturing Co
Hoochite Editorial ....
Hood, K. K Curves for ore-valuation. . . .
Hoover's biography Charles K. Field
Ditto Max von Bernewitz ....
Ditto H. E. West ....
Human factor in mine management. .F. J. Bourne. . . .
Ditto Sam A. Lewisohn ....
Side of Bunker Hill enterprise. .T. A. Rickard. . . .
Hutchinson, Charles T Business outlook. . . .
Ditto Pinch of salt ... .
Hyde, James M Testing ores for notation. . . .
Hydraulic Tables, book review
Gardner S. Williams and Allen Hazen ....
Hydro-electric power Editorial ....
Page
. 820
. 899
. 242
. 792
. 795
. 793
. 150
30S
823
44
80
575
572
561
44
187
277
232
604
7S8
5S0
270
687
794
864
S31
651
335
755
123
481
575
402
Immigration Editorial .... 541, 900
Impending labor crisis Editorial. ... 862
Impressions of the Mining Congress 861
Improved stretcher J. c Williams, . . . 109
Improvements in bulk-cargo handling 436
India, economic conditions in Editorial. . . . 898
Industrial Accident Commission Editorial.... 325
Industrial leadership Editorial. ... 440
Relations Editorial. ... 512, 827
Ingalls, W. R Editorial. ...543, 612, 827
Ditto Labor the holder of the nation's
wealth and income 558, 592, 628
Ingeniero Minerals Separation in Chile. . . . 724
Interest rates and deflation 143
Interesting experiment Physicist. ... 226
Ditto Thomas T. Read. . . . 116
Ditto Martin Schwerin. . . . 116
International Association of Silver Producers
Blarney Stevens. ... 864
International Motor-Car Co 3 23
International Nickel Co. report 215
Interviews with Governors of Zacatecas and Durango. .
A. T. Benitez. ... 667
Iron and steel in India E. F. O. Murray. ... 654
Iron Ores of Lake Superior, book review
Crowell & Murray. ... 473
Japan, lead and zinc in 27S
Japanese in California Editorial .... 543
Ditto C. A. Grabill .... 617
Jayne, Joseph L Editorial. . . . 511
Jones. Franklin D., and Erik Oberg Shop
Mathematics, book review 435
Judge Mining & Smelting Co Editorial. . . . 614, 650
Judge on experts r 665
K
Kelsey, George O., obituary S92
Ketchum, Milo S Design of Highway
Bridges, 2nd edition, book review 575
Kimberly, Nevada, sinking of Alpha No. 2 shaft
H. S. Munroe. . . . 871
Knee Lake district in Northern Manitoba 306
Page
Knickerbocker, R. G Electrolytic separation of
copper from a copper-cobalt-nickel matte 45
Kniffin. Wm. H Business Man and His Bank,
book review 473
Labor policies Editorial. . . . 440
The holder of the nation's wealth. C. V. Corless. . . . 829
The holder of the nation's wealth and income
W. R. Ingalls. .. .558, 592, 628
Troubles at Bunker Hill property 335
Laboratory Manual of Testing Materials, book review. .
William Kendrick Hatt and H. H. Scofleld. ... 823
Testing for flotation James M. Hyde. . . . 481
Lake Shore mine, operations at 394
Lang. S. S Copper deposits of Lake Superior. . . . 408
Ditto Method of blasting. . . . 374
Langbein, Dr. George, and William T. Brannt
Electro-Deposition of Metals, book review. ... 435
Langmuir, Irving Mechanism of the
surface phenomena of flotation 913
Largest mines Editorial. ... 261
Las Chispas mine in Sonora, Mexico
Fernando Montijo Jr. . . . 5 8
Laschmutt, Ivan de 819
Latour. C. C Editorial .... 898
Lead and zinc in Japan 278
Production, first half of 1920 383
Smelting at Port Pirie Editorial. ... 76
Smelting practice at Port Pirie. . .Gilbert Rigg. ... 90
Zinc ores, smelting of Editorial. ... 113
Leadville, A. DeW. Foote at T. A. Rickard. ... 901
Leighton, M. O National Department of
Public Works 758
Leslie, E. H Engineering Council. . . . 704
Lewis. Robert S Centrifugal pumps. . . .83, 479
Ditto Editorial .... 476
Ditto Some principles of finance. . . . 487
Lewis, S. J Ore deposits of Mexico. . . .16, 375, 521
Lewisohn, Sam A Editorial .... 440
Ditto Human factor in mine management. . . . 651
Leyner, John George, obituary 396
Lighting drafting-rooms by electricity 217
Lindley, Curtis H Editorial .... 791
Obituary 784
Liquid oxygen Editorial. ... 612
Lockhart, L. B.American Lubricants, book review. . . . S23
Lorenz, Fred H Salting of mines. ... 546
Loring, W. J Editorial .... 752
Ditto Re-opening of the Plymouth mine
and the results 771
Ditto War Minerals Relief. . . . 653
Ludlum, A. C Dredging in New Zealand. . . . 479
Ludlum dynamobile 681
M
MacNaughton, James Editorial. ... 1
Magnetic separators P. R. Hines. ... 44
Magnetite ore, concentration of 122
Main Belting Co 399
Management at the Bunker Hill property
T. A. Rickard. . . . 413
Manganese deposits, exploitation of 237
Manning, Van. H. Scope of work of the
Bureau of Mines 21
Manual for the Oil and Gas Industry, book review. . . .
Ralph Arnold. J. L. Darnell, and others. ... 33
Marsh, Jr., Robert Steam-Shovel Mining,
book review 575
Mason, F. H Recent metallurgy at Trail. ... 151
Ditto Two suggestions on a
national problem 373, 724
McCaskey, H. D., and Edson S. Bastin Work on
mineral resources by U. S. G. S 166
McCone, Alexander J., obituary 678
McDermid, C Sulman and the medal. . . . 297
McDermott, Walter Editorial. . . . 183
McDonald, P. B Advertising ethics. . . . 545
Ditto Engineering education .... 329
McFadden bill 564
McFadden, Louis T Editorial. . . . 684
McGarraugh, Robert Mine Bookkeeping
book review 5 75
Mclntyre, Otis L Pulverized coal in
metallurgical furnaces at Cerro de Pasco 5 5
McRae, Hector Oil-shale and shale-oil. . . . 616
Vol. l-M
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Mechanism of ili<> surface phenomena of flotation,
irviiiK Langmulr ,
Mori Baal marina
Nordstroni ping valve
Ueri lam, J"iui C Editorial. .
Merrill Company
Metal mining In California daring lirsi hair .>r 1910. . . S44
Metal prloea unil iiilnluK in Mexico. II Q Nichols. . . . 6S6
Quotations Editorial.... 112
Metallurgy of copper »t Fredrlektown. Missouri
It. Q. Knickerbocker. ... 45
Metculf. Henry C, anil Onhvay Tend
Personnel Administration, book review 576
Method ol blasting S. S. Lang.... 374
Of ore-sampling In Montana. H. B. Pulsifer. . . .866. 907
Mexican Corporation Editorial. . . . 789
Mexican peon 736
Revolution 7
Mexicans, who and what they are
Occasional Contributor. . . . 443
Mexico Editorial .... 38
Condition! in Occasional Correspondent. . . . 345
News from Editorial .... 78
Ore deposits of S. J. Lewis 16. 3 7". 521
Miami Copper Co Editorial .... 898
Middleton. \V. A Divining rod. ... 863
Midvale Minerals Co
\Y D. Green and Wm. Fagergren . . . . 4SG
Milling practice at Benguet Consolidated mine
C. H. Eye and M. F. Dodd. . . . SOB. S41
Milling talc 738
Mine and mill of the Belmont Shawmut Mining Co. . . .
A. B. Parsons. ... 619. 659
At Chuqulcamata 280
Fires Editorial .... 182
Fires in the South-West. .Charles A. Mitke. . . . 155, 1ST
Locomotive headlight with spring suspended case. 438
Rescue medals Editorial .... 112
Water, ownership of Editorial. . . . G14
Mine Bookkeeping, book review
Robert McGarraugh. . . . 575
Mines Handbook, book review
Walter Harvey Weed. ... 33
Mineral Industry, 1919. book review. .G. A. Roush. . . . 823
Minerals Separation Editorial. ... 114. 790
Before the Federal Trade Commission 263
In Chile Ingeniero .... 723
Litigation 289
Ditto Editorial .... 898
Objectionable practices of George L. Nye. . . . 873
Position under the laws. .Gilbert H. Montague. . . . 833
Mineralogy, course in 213
Miner's safety hat 474
Mining Congress, impressions of Editorial. . . . 861
Mining finance Editorial .... 476
Ditto Robert S. Lewis. . . . 487
In the Ketchikan district Joseph Ulmer. . . . 493
In the Potosi district 192
In Queensland 200
Methods at the Butte & Superior
A. B. Parsons. . . . 513
Near Joplin Edgar Z. Wallower. . . . 297
Nitrates in Chile .P. A. Raymond. . . . 257
Mining Laws of the British Empire and of Foreign
Countries, Vol. I, Nigeria, book review
Gilbert Stone. ... 575
•Mining Magazine', flotation processes 279
Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Co 220
Mishler, R. T. . . .Geology of the El Tigre district. . . . 583
Missouri Cobalt Co., operations of
R. G. Knickerbocker. ... 45
Mitke, Charles A History of mine-fires in
the South-West 155, 187
Mockett, Jr., J. H Combinations of gold. ... 6
Molybdenum, determination of 343
Montague, Gilbert H Minerals Separation's
position under the laws 833
Montijo, Jr., Fernando Las Chispas mine
in Sonora, Mexico 58
More books written in a hurry
Max von Bernewitz. ... 297
Morris, Lloyd R Exporter's Gazetteer of
Foreign Markets, book review 4 73
Moses, Frederick G Flotation mill-runs
v. laboratory tests 238
Motor trucks relieve congestion at freight terminals. . .
R. E. Fulton. ... 108
Moving Sacramento hill 847
Mu, i.i. Seeley W Editorial. .
\n.l copper luin iiik III Cyprus T. A Rlckard, . .
Multiple-cylinder anunonla-aompressor 824
Munroe, n S Sinking of Alpha No I
Mhufi at Kiini.eriy. Nevada
Murray, E. F. o iron and tteel In India.
N
National Compressed Mr Machinery Co 14*;
National Department ..i Public Works
National responsibility, our Editorial 818
Neva, la Consolidated Co Editorial.... 649
Neveit, Ralph ii Sum.. .■ni:ir. .1 1 1 Mu factors
Is flotation 349
nv» sir shafl ol Davis-Daly Co 880
automatic control-panel for motor-generator sets. . 1 Hi
Hoisting equipment at the Tonopah Extension mine . 277
Mineral Editorial. . . . 580
Track scale L. R. Boyer. . . . 107
X.w Cornelia co-operative store at Ajo 591
New York Engineering Co 324, 681
News from Mexico Editorial. ... 7 s
Nichols, H. G. .Metal prices and mining in Mexico. . . . 655
Nickel Plate mine 745
North Star mine 929
Norwalk Iron Works 323
Notes on routine assaying at the Globe & Phoenix mine
H. R. Edmands. . . . 452
On the Salmon River mining district
Charles E. Prior. ... 51 S
Novel dredge-light 323
Nye, George L Objectionable practices
of Minerals Separation 873
O
Oberg, Erik, and Franklin D. Jones Shop Mathe-
matics, book review 435
Objectionable practices of Minerals Separation
George L. Nye. ... 873
Obregon, Gen. Alvarp 8, 347
Oil-engine generator unit 895
Oil-pipe lines 706
Oil-Shale Industry, book review
Victor Clifton Alderson. . . . 473
Ditto David E. Day. . . . 298
Ditto Editorial. ... 441
And shale-oil Hector McRae. ... 616
And its economic importance. .Martin J. Gavin. ... 193
Ontario's mining industry in 1920 451
Opening kegs of blasting powder 698
Ore deposits of Mexico S. J. Lewis. . . .16, 375, 521
Ditto F. L. Sizer. . . . 794
Reserves of the Rand 627
Sampling in Montana, methods of
H. B. Pulsifer. . . .
Oriol, Ramon, and Adriano Contreras Spanish
Mining Directory, book review
Orizaba mine
Osmoridium in Tasmania
Our national responsibility Editorial. . . .
Ownership and Valuation of Mineral Property in the
United Kingdom, book review
Richard Redmayne and Gilbert Stone. . . .
Ownership of mine-water Editorial ....
Oxweld Co
Ozokerite
Oxy-acetylene cutting
907
473
814
240
613
473
614
682
308
146
Paaswell, George. . .Retaining- Walls, book review.
Paddy Pride mine
Parker, R. L Rod-mill .
Parsons, A. B Mine and mill of
Belmont Shawmut Co
Ditto Methods of mining at
Butte & Superior
Ditto. . . .Zinc-oxide plant of the Utah Zinc Co.
Parsons, A. T Code of ethics .
Parsons, L. A United Verde smelter.
Personnel Administration, book review
Ordway Tead and Henry C. Metcalf.
Physicist Interesting experiment .
Pickard, B. O
Piez, Charles Editorial .
Pike's Peak and Cripple Creek Editorial.
Pinch of salt Charles T. Hutchinson.
Pittman Act, sale of silver under
the
619,
the
435
276
794
659
513
759
42
547
575
226
737
512
149
123
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Vol. 121
Page
Platinum 561
Ditto S. Skowronski. . . . 840
Plymouth mine W. J. Loring. . . . 771
Polish muddle Editorial .... 261
Political and Commercial Geology and the World's Min-
eral Resources, book review. . . J. E. Spurr. ... 823
Popular Oil Geology, book review. .Victor Ziegler. ... 435
'Porphyries' 319
Port Pirie, lead smelting at Gilbert Rigg. ... 91
Potosi district, mining in 19 2
Potter, Andrey A., and James P. Calderwood
Elements ot Steam and Gas Power Engineering,
book review 43 5
Power resources 'Engineer'. ... 480
Practical Chemistry, book review
N. Henry Black and James Bryant Conant ....
Presley, John J Apex litigation. . . .
Price of gold W. B. Chomley. . . .
Ditto Thomas French ....
Ditto P. A. Robbins ....
Prior, Charles E Notes on the Salmon
River mining district 518
Problems in mine ventilation. . . .Walter S. Weeks. ... 117
Production of zinc 272
Professional ethics Robert Hawxhurst Jr. . . . 7 9
Pryce, William Divining rod. ... 733
Ditto T. A. Rickard .... 459
Pulsifer, H. B Methods of ore-sampling
in Montana 866,
Pulverized coal in metallurgical furnaces at Cerro de
Pasco Otis L. Mclntyre. ... 55
Pumps, centrifugal Robert S. Lewis. ... 85
For elevating tailing 918
Pumping by electricity T. A. Rickard. . . . 227
In Rand mines 421
On the Rand 912
Purington, C. W., and G. Toderovich. . . .Vocabulary of
Russian-English, English-Russian Mining
Terms, book review 473
575
81
617
115
794
907
Question and answer Wm. Crocker. ... 80
Of ethics Editorial. ... 403
Quicksilver 80
'RF' adjustable-speed motors 438
Radium 563
Rahilly, H. J Fighting mine-fires. ... 625
Railroads 179
Financing 717
Rand, early days on J. E. Clennell. ... 51
Economics of gold mining on. . .* 142
Ransome, F. L Geologists as expert witnesses. ... 666
Ray Consolidated 693
Raymond, P. A Mining nitrates in Chile. . . . 257
Read, Thomas T Interesting experiment. ... 116
Recent metallurgy at Trail, B. C P. R. Hines. ... 44
Ditto F. H. Mason .... 151
Record for cheap mining Henry F. Collins. ... 373
Recovery formulae Hallet R. Robbins. . . . 422
Of gold from black sand John Gross. ... 770
Redmayne, Richard, and Gilbert Stone. ... Ownership
and Valuation of Mineral Property in the United
Kingdom, book review 473
Redmond Consolidated Co 356
Reduction of wages in Arizona 883
Reinforced concrete highways 218
Re-opening of the Plymouth mine and the results
W. J. Loring 771
Report of special Gold Committee to Secretary of the
Treasury 705
Resume 1 of literature on theory of flotation
H. R. Adam 765
Retaining-Walls, book review. . .George Paaswell.... 435
Revolution, the Mexican 7
Rhodesia Broken Hill 757
Rice, Geo. Graham .• Editorial. . . . 222
Rickard, Edgar Food-draft system of the
American Relief Administration 739
Rickard, Forbes Divining rod. . . . 863
Rickard, T. A. . .Albert Burch, a Western engineer. . . . 299
Ditto Arthur DeW. Foote of Grass Valley. ... 901
Ditto The Bunker Hill
enterprise 195, 227, 325, 413
Ditto Seeley W. Mudd and copper
mining In Cyprus 689
Page
Ditto Some Cornish mining terms. ... 459
Ditto Testimony before Federal
Trade Commission 263
Rigg. Gilbert Editorial 76, 113
Ditto. . . » Lead practice at Port Pirie,
South Australia 90
Rio Tinto, the struggle at Editorial. ... 326
Rising tide of color Editorial. ... 649
Road-wear from big trucks 323
Roasting and chloridizing of Bolivian silver-tin ores. . .
M. G. F. Sohnlein. . . .384, 688
Lead-zinc ores at Port Pirie Gilbert Rigg. ... 90
Robbins, Hallet R Recovery formulae. ... 422
Robbins, P. A Price of gold. . . . 794
Robson, H. C Smelting with bituminous
coal in blast-furnaces 409
Rock-drills, care of Howard R. Drullard. . . . 310
Rod-mill R. L. Parker. . . . 794
Roehling's Sons Co 399
Root, Elihu Editorial. . . . 613
Roush, G. A The Mineral Industry, 1919,
book review 823
Royal School of Mines Editorial. . . . 542
Ruth mine, rich ore in Editorial. . . . 509
S
Safety in underground haulage 4 4
St. John del Rey Co Editorial. . . . 477
Salmon River district, notes on. .Charles E. Prior. . . . 518
Salting of mines Editorial. . .". 183
Ditto Fred H. Lorenz. . . . 546
Sampling Editorial..., 860
In Montana H. B. Pulsifer. ... 867
Of mines H. R. Sleeman. . . . 407
On large mine-examinations. . .Morton Webber. . . . 233
San Francisco Bay, crossing the Editorial. . . . 511
Mint adopts electric furnace 865
Schwab, Charles M 927
Schweitzer, Jeffrey Fume from explosives. . . . 408
Schwerin, Martin Interesting experiment. . . . 116
Science and industry A. W. Allen. ... 161
Scofield, H. H., and William Kendrick Hatt. . . .Labora-
tory Manual of Testing Materials, book review. . 823
Scope of work of the Bureau of Mines
Van. H. Manning. ... 21
Selection and treatment of transmission belts
E. J. Black. ... 34
Shaw, S. F Bunker Hill enterprise. . . . 186
Shields, Alex., obituary 820
Shift-bosses, concerning Editorial. . . . 725
Shop Mathematics, book review
Erik Oberg and Franklin D. Jones. ... 435
Signaling mine-hoists from moving cages
C. A. Allen 23 2
Silver, book review Benjamin White. ... 435
Silver and the Pittman Act 363
Concerning Charles Butters. . . .5, 185
Under the Pittman Act 29
Silver Reef Consolidated Mines Co 568
Sinclair, Upton 745
Sinking of Alpha No. 2 shaft at Kimberly, Nevada. . . .
H. S. Munroe. . . . 871
Sizer, Frank L Concerning silver. . . . 298
Ditto Ore deposits of Mexico. ... 794
Skowronski, S Platinum. . . . 840
Sleeman, H. R Sampling of mines. . . . 407
Smelting at the United Verde plant. .L. A. Parsons. . . . 547
Charges are increased 361
Lead-zinc ores Editorial .... 113
Some observations on C. W. Tandy. ... 41
With bituminous coal in blast-furnaces
H. C. Robson. . . . 409
Smith, George Otis Engineering and
national prosperity 243
Smith, Grant H Divining rod ... . 863
Sohnlein, M. G. F Roasting and chloridizing
of Bolivian silver-tin ores 384, 688
Some controlling factors in flotation
Ralph D. Nevett 3 49
Cornish mining terms T. A. Rickard. . . . 459
Observations on smelting C. W. Tandy. . . .41, 186
'Sonic' transmission of power 609
Principles of finance Robert S. Lewis. ... 487
Spanish Mining Directory, book review
Andriano Contreras and Ramon Oriol. . . . 473
Spassky Copper Co H. C. Robson. ... 409
Speakers and speeches Editorial. . . . 826
Vol l-i
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Pug.
Spurr. J K Polliical and Commercial Geology
and the World's Miners] Resource*, book re
view,
Stamlardliatlon in mining
Of mine work 813
Status of gold F. A. Wright 898
Steam-elect rlc project In South Afrlcn
Steam-Shovel Mining, book review
Robert Marsh Jr. . . . 676
Steaming amalgamating plates - 11
Stevens. Blame; International Association
ol Silver Producers 864
Stiff hats for miners 116
Stoddard. Lothrop Ddltorlal. . . 648
Stone. Gilbert. . . .Mining Laws of thp British Empire,
Vol. I. Nigeria, book review 675
Ditto and Richard Redmayne Ownership and
Valuation of Mineral Property in the United
Kingdom, book review 473
Stores in mining communities Editorial. . . . 649
Stoughton. Bradley 851
Structural Iir.iftlng and the Design of Details, book
review Carlton Thomas Bishop. ... 33
Structural Steelwork, book review. . . .E. G. Beck. . . . 473
Struggle at Rio Tlnto Editorial 326
Suggestion Harry H. Townsend. . . . 479
Sullivan Machinery Co 109
Drill-sharpener 610
Sulman and the medal C. McDermid. . . . 297
Sumner. Rutherford B., obituary 678
Superior & Boston Copper Co 461
Superpump. Traylor 219
Sure-shot mine-car coupler 4 74
Systematizing large mine examinations
Morton Webber. ... 233
T
Talc, milling of 738
Tandy. C. W. . .Some observations on smelting. . . . 41, 1S6
Tax litigation in Arizona 495
Tead, Ordway. and Henry C. Metcalf Personnel
Administration, book review 575
Ten-Minute Talks With Workers, book review 575
Testing and application of ventilating-fans
Walter S. Weeks. ... 11
Centrifugal pumps Robert S. Lewis. ... 86
Of fans Walter S. Weeks. ... 120
Oil-shale 681
Ores for flotation James M. Hyde. . . . 481
Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. IX. Part I, book
review J. Newton Friend. ... 33
Thomas, Chester A., obituary 748
Thornley 'coalometer' 787
Three hours with the Democrats C. T. H. . . . 61
'Through the meshes' Editorial. . . . 368
Tin. lead, and zinc mining in Great Britain 311
Mining Editorial .... 1
Tin. Sheet-Iron and Copper-Plate Worker, book review
Leroy J. Blinn. . . . 473
Tintic Standard mine 429
Toderovich, G., and C. W. Purington . . . .Vocabulary of
Russian-English, English-Russian Mining
Terms, book review 473
Tonopah Divide report 709
Tonopah Extension mine, new equipment at 277
Top-slice mining A. B. Parsons. . . . 623
Townsend, Harry H A suggestion. . . . 479
Traylor superpump 219
Treatment of American low-grade copper ores
An Australian. . . . 419
Trent replacing machine. C. M. Eye and M. F. Dodd. . . . 844
Tri-State district Edgar Z. Wallower. . . . 297
Tube-milling C. M. Eye and M. F. Dodd. . . . 842
Turnover of labor 165
Two suggestions on a national problem
F. H. Mason 373, 724
Ditto Max von Bernewitz. . . . 225, 545
U
Ulmer, Joseph. . .Mining in the Ketchikan district. . . . 493
Umpire assays C. A. Grabill. ... 615
Underground haulage T. A. Rickard . ... 195
Prospecting at Joplin F. R. Alger. . . . 109
United Eastern 694
United Verde smelter L. A. Parsons. ... 547
Pagn
it. ill metal production 249
Public utilities and freight-rates .... Editorial ... . 3«8
Utah Apex v. Utah Consolidated 736
Ditto Editorial. . . . 721
It. ill Consolidated Co. v. t'tah Apex Co. .Editorial. . . . 721
Utah Copper Co 888, 779
Milling practice 419
Utah Zinc Co Arthur B. Parsons. . . . 769
Valuation of Arizona mines 169
Of ore, curves for K. K. Hood. . . . 270
Vanadium Corporation 810
Vehicular tunnel Editorial 295
Ventilating-fans, testing and application of
Walter S. Weeks 11
Ventilation at Davis Daly mine 880
Of mines 186
Problems in Walter S. Weeks .... 117
Vocabulary of Russian-English, English-Russian Min-
ing Terms, book review
C. W. Purington and G. Toderovich. . . . 473
von Bernewitz, M. W. . . .Books written In a hurry. ... 43
Ditto Hoover's biography. . . . 794
Ditto More books written In a hurry. . . . 297
Ditto Two suggestions on a national
problem 225, 545
W
Wages, profits, and social ethics
Robert B. Brinsmade. . . . 151
Reduction in Utah 922
Wall, Enos A., obituary 72
Wallace, R. C Canadian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy 773
Wallower, Edgar Z Mining near Joplin. . . . 297
War Minerals Relief W. J. Loring. . . . 653
Washing coal 848
Waugh rock drills 929
Turbo drills 824
Webber. Morton 405
Ditto Editorial .... 223
Ditto. .Systematizing large mine examinations. . . . 233
Weed. Walter Harvey The Mines Handbook, book
review 33
Weeks, Walter S. . . .Problems in mine ventilation. . . . 117
Ditto Testing and application of
ventilating-fans 11
Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co 436
West, H. E Hoover's biography. . . . 864
Western engineer Editorial. . . . 295
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co 438, 507
Wetherill process Arthur B. Parsons. . . . 760
What she thought 658
White, Benjamin. .Gold: Its Place in the Economy of
Mankind, book review 823
Ditto Silver, book review. ... 435
Williams, Gardner S., and Allen Hazen. .. .Hydraulic
Tables, 3rd edition, book review 575
Williams, J. C An improved stretcher. . . . 109
Williams, Whiting Editorial. . . . 827
Wire-rope slings for industrial plants 399
Women as geologists Editorial. . . . 510
Work of Congress Editorial .... 40
Work on mineral resources by the U. S. G. S
Edson S. Bastin and H. D. McCaskey. ... 166
Wright, F. A Status of gold. ... 298
Yankee engineer 899
Yellow Pine mine at Goodsprings 239
Young, A. B Flue type of Cottrell treater. . . . 273
Zeh, A. E Call to arms .... 41
Ziegler, Victor. .Popular Oil Geology, book review. . . . 435
Zinc and lead in Japan 278
Electrolytic methods Herbert R. Hanley. ... 795
Mining industry Editorial. . . . 751
Oxide plant of the Utah Zinc Co
Arthur B. Parsons.... 759
Production of 272, 679
_ MMimg nmd
Scientific Pms
f/ h
■
■ KMtOlli mitt, r
SAN FRANCISCO, JULY 3, 1920
Volume 131 Ha i
i". . ? i par v.'.ir
\\ 1MII II Mil \ I \\ I t Kl \ I'VI'KK OWNKI). I IHI'I II. AMI MANAGED II V KM. IS KER8
MASSCO l», R E f
AND LABORATORY GLASSWARE
JlT.Jl
N*
"^mfL zfC
d
!-=,«*>-fc!
n
Always Ready For Immediate Shipment
Heasser "Balances—
McCool Pulverizers
— Samson Crushers
— Lindsey Furnaces
— Laboratory Spe-
cialties — Crucibles
— Scarifiers— Muffles
The quality of MASSCO assayers* and laboratory supplies is
maintained by careful selection of American-made goods. The
MASSCO line covers every need of the technical man whether
in the field or in the laboratory.
WRITE FOR THE NEW CATALOG, JUST PUBLISHED
— C. "P. and Com-
mercial Chemicals
— Laboratory Glass-
ware — thermom-
eters — Scientific
Instruments.
Z>he Mine and Smelter Supply Company
SALS LAKE C1GY
EL PASO
NEW YORK
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS July 3, 1920
i I.^Vi.tUi 1,1,', ; ! ', '" l . :l . : ;. 1 :-; ',' ' I ', , L , ! ! :. : ,l,;i, .VLyi.i;,::',^,;:!^"::;.. 1 !.;: '1 1. 1 1; ■/IT!, I ' I : ' I - ■ ^ , ,-. , , 1 1, , ^^ ■, 1 1 :' L : i :■ 1 1 ■: ; :; : ; ; | r i .| ;| i [in
Utah. Copper's
two year record
With
Utah Copper Company's Plant at Arthur, Utah, where
Mitchell Electric Vibrating- Screens are in operation
This mill treats 16.000 tons of ore a day.
MITCHELL
ELECTRIC
VIBRATING
SCREEN
The Utah Copper Company was the first great concern to
install Mitchell Electric Vibrating Screens. They have been
in operation in the company's big mill, at Arthur, Utah, for
two years, with astonishing records of efficiency.
COARSE CRUSHING
In coarse crushing work each Mitchell
Screen is delivering a screened product
of more than 1.200 tons per 24 hours of
minus % inch material.
FINE CRUSHING, DRY WORK
In fine crushing, dry work, each Mitchell
is delivering 1 a screened product of more
than 600 tons per 24 hours of minus 10
mesh material.
FINE CRUSHING, WET WORK
In fine crushing, wet work, each Mitchell
is delivering 1 a screened product o [ more
than 650 tons per 24 hours of minus 10
mesh material.
The Mitchell forces the meshes up into the material 3,600 times a minute with an impact of from
500 to 1,000 pounds. Therein lies the revolutionary characteristic of the Mitchell — the feature
which is making possible the records shown not only at the Utah Copper Company's mill but in a
variety of other industries, such as coal and coke, sand and gravel, fertilizer, salt, etc.
Ask us for records of special tests of the Mitchell, which we shall be glad to
furnish you together with complete information as to construction and operation
STIMPSON EQUIPMENT COMPANY
318 FELT BUILDING
Manufacturers and Sole Agents
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
July :. 1920 MINING AND S( IENTIFIC PRESS
SSSR.
ARE YOU CUTTING
CYANIDE COSTS?
I
The Aero Brand process of making Cyanide From
Air has done more to reduce cyanide costs in the past
three years than all other factors.
The savings made by consumers in Mexico, Canada
and the United States already totals hundreds of thou-
sands of dollars.
Notwithstanding high costs of labor and raw mate-
rials, Aero Brand Cyanide has always sold basis 100%
NaCN, at practically the lowest pre-war prices of
sodium cyanide.
The efficiency of Aero Brand Cyanide, basis 100%
NaCN, is equal to any other grade. In every instance
where it has been given a mill-scale trial it has been
adopted as the most economical cyanide to use, on basis
of recovered values.
Send for Booklet A, giving full information
concerning this money-saving product.
AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY
511 Fifth Avenue, New York
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
3^5
|j\,lf t DMSTOIUIE!
STANDARD CAGE EQUIPPED WITH
AUTOMATIC LANDING CHAIR
HEAVY TYPE SKIP
WITH HINGED HOOD
are reduced with
H. & B. STANDARD
CAGES AND SKIPS
"The Line for the Mine"
Superior in design and construction, fully-
adapted to actual mining conditions, they are
the result of long experience in Gage and
Skip building.
* * •
Frames of structural steel shapes give great-
er stiffness and rigidity, with a saving in weight.
* • *
An improved form of Safety Dogs provide
ample security against accident if the cable
fails.
* * •
Another protection is the Safety Doors re-
quired by law in some states. These additional
guards against mishap and Automatic Landing
Chairs can be furnished.
Built to order only, in any size to suit
shaft dimensions.
* • •
We invite correspondence and will be glad
to submit complete drawings of any style.
• * •
The H. & B. BULLETIN will come to
you every month if you mention it.
STANDARD TYPE SKIP
TYPE A" CAGE. FRONT VIEW
ran mmmmmE & mmurmmFiF
MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO.
ESTABLISHED S7 YEARS ©EITOUE, ©©IL©IRJkP<D
Julv ;;. L990
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
*yWU-£?£sH&i*<t> Ji£. ■
creens that last!
Modern milling methods require
screens of long life and service. The
wires must stay put — and stand up
under hard usage. Uniformity of prod-
uct and quick discharge are essential
even to the last shred of screen.
iT WIRE
CLOTH
double crimped
is the perfect screen in every sense of the
word. It is uniform, stays rigid and out-
wears all other types. It's flat surface and
compact structure enables the fine material
to be discharged rapidly and completely.
"It's the
Double Crimp
that counts"
The warp and shoot wires curve gradually
over and under each other. The wires are
crimped not bent. The result is a screen —
structurally correct.
The full strength of each wire is retained and
long life of useful service is assured.
Send for catalog containing valuable screening
data. It is yours for the asking.
LUDLO W-S AYLOR
WIRE COMPANY
Manufacturers of "Perfect" Double Crimped Wire Cloth and
REK-TANG Screens
General Offices and Factory: ST. LOUIS, MO.
20 East Jackson Blvd.,
Chicago, 1U.
Branch Offices :
Fell Bids.,
Salt Lake City, Utah
Martin Bldg.,
El Paso, Texas
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
12.500 Kiv. 100* P. F. 1500 R. P. M. Allis-Clmlmers Sleam Turbine and Alternator Unit
Allis- Chalmers Steam
Turbines and Alternator Units
Sizes from 200 Kw. up
Unequalled for —
Sustained Efficiency
and
Reliability in Operation
Built for—
Continuous Service, Durability
and
Accessibility for Inspection
LU/fftMMEft/
1HHL mM^jUFACTURING COMPANY
Milwaukee^ 'lT ,; w Wiaconsin, U. S. A.
District Offices in AH Leading Cities
Allis-Chalmers Products
Electrical Machinery
Steam Turbines - Steam Engines
Gas and Oil Engines
Hydraulic Turbines
Crushing and Cemeot Machinery
Mining Machinery
Flour and Saw Mill Machinery
Power Transmission Machinery
Pumping Engines • Centrifugal Pumps
Steam and Electric Hoists
July :, 19S0
MINING AND Si II N I II H l'KI *>s
-Correct Design
-Careful Construction!
- Complete Protection
Three Essentials
The same engineering sagacity must be applied to the question 'of Paint
Protection as to the design and construction of mine and mill buildings
and equipment.
Time and the elements will destroy what has been erected unless all
surfaces are protected with a lasting and durable coating.
DIXON'S Silica-Graphite Paint pro-
tects against dampness, heat, acids and
alkalies, liquids and solids. It stays
"put" and is good for years of service.
Easy to apply and flows smoothly from
the brush.
The pigment in DIXON'S Silica-
Graphite Paint is a flake formation,
Nature's combination of Silica and
Graphite. In spreading the flakes form
a tough, scale-like covering of great
flexibility which prevents cracking.
Write for Booklet 141-B which gives full data.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Company
Jer.ey City, N. J., U. S. A.
ESTABLISHED 1827
Pacific Coast Sales Office : 444 Market St., San Francisco, Cal.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3 ? 1920
Dofe]ti£iJMow31ock
ADAPTED TO EXTRA HEAVY DUTY FACTOKT SERVICE
Lined with Best Grade of Babbitt
You fill the reservoir of this pillow block only
once in six months; that saves oil, saves labor
and eliminates the necessity of men working
around the line shaft while it is in motion.
Dodge rigid pillow blocks are built in capillary
and ring-oiling type; they are substantial in
form and adapted to the severest kind of service;
order from your dealer — he has the complete
Dodge line in stock.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Company, distributor of the products of the Dodge Manufacturing Company and the
Dod<re Steel Pulley Corporation. General Offices: Mishawaka, Ind. Works: Mishawaka, Ind., and Oneida, N. Y.
Canadian Plant: Dodge Mfg. Co. of Canada Ltd., Toronto and Montreal
Philadelphia CiDcinnati New York Chicago St. Louis Boston Atlanta Pittsburgh Minneapolis Dallas Providence Seattle Newa#
July .;. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
PRESCDTT
INE PUMPS
. A
I lliiUUi
ill II
THE PRESCOTT COMPANY
MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN, U. S. A.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PrtESS
Serviceand Quality
made these houses
possible
■■■ ■ ■ =»*
'855-GRANE
Manufacturers of
Va Ives
Pipe Fibtin^s
jteam Specialties
LE9 OFFICES. Y
OKLAHOMA ClfV
CRANE nonT«e»i, Toronto. Vancouver. Winnipeg, iwdon. ENO„
Limited Sydney, h 4 w. QUEBEC. Halifax. Ottawa. CALGARW
!
Julv 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
11
: II I
iiuntetitifl i Bi
Anniversary!
12
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRF^SS
July 3, 1920
/^GC/WOOC/
Douglas Fir
CONTINUOUS STiVE -WIRE WOUND-BORED
July ::. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
13
Dependable
Distribution Systems
The factor which counts for most in a distribution system is dependability — it must
be dependable under all conditions of service.
The pipe used must withstand extra heavy demands as in the case of a fire.
The pipe used must withstand sudden overloads without bursting.
The pipe used must carry maximum loads continuously without failure.
The pipe used must remain unaffected by electrolysis.
The pipe used must remain free of tuberculation and scale.
The pipe used must ALWAYS CARRY AS MUCH WATER as when originally laid.
The pipe used must supply water at all times without interruption for household,
commercial and industrial uses.
The ONLY PIPE that meets all these demands is Western Wire Wound Wood Pipe.
It is made in sizes from 2 inches up to 32 inches inside diameter and for any pressure
required up to 175 pounds per square inch — and higher pressures on special order.
The wide range of sizes makes it possible to select just the size of pipe needed for each
particular section or district.
By specifying Western Wood Pipe a pipe of smaller than customary diameter can
be selected for a given service because this pipe has the greatest carrying capacity and al-
ways will have it — the capacity does not decrease as the length of service increases.
Its adaptability and ease of laying permits the rapid completion of a system.
Bends, turns and connections can be made with standard fittings supplied by the wood
pipe manufacturers.
The advice and assistance of our expert engineers, widely experienced in the planning
and building of efficient, dependable distribution systems at lowest consistent costs, are at
your command.
Let us tell you why Western Wood Pipe is the best pipe obtainable for the distribu-
tion system you may have in mind. Address us by wire or mail.
WESTERN WOOD PIPE PUBLICITY BUREAU, WHITE BUILDING, SEATTLE. U.S.A.
Address all inquiries for details and prices to the following: Redwood Manufacturers Company, San Francisco; Pacific
Tank & Pipe Company, San Francisco; Continental Pipe Mfg. Company, Seattle; American Wood Pipe Company, Tacoma
Redwood
Douglas Fir
GONTINUOUSSTAVE -WIRE WOUND-BORED
34
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
♦
:
:
♦
•♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
o
♦
f
♦
I
%
♦
I
x
♦
♦
♦
♦
G aSoline fljo Co mo t i
Moves 400 Tons of Coal Daily
C. M. Wolf, superintendent of the Morrell
Coal Company writes: "Skilled labor is unness-
ary to operate your Plymouth Gasoline Loco-
motive. It picks up a heavier load more
quickly and easily than any other system I
have found. We pull a heavier load than is
understood to be possible, due to the Ply-
mouth's full power at slow speed.
In coal, iron or zinc mines, or wherever
earth or mineral demand big haulage, the Ply-
mouth is complete master, with increased ton-
nage at lower cost and fewer men. Whether
underground or on the surface, it multiplies
production and profit.
Write for special bulletin on Plymouth
service in mines.
THE FATE-ROOT-HEATH CO., Plymouth, Ohio
July 3, 1!I2U
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
15
A ME RICA ' S BEST
LUNKENHEIMER
-^QUAUTYli-
SlNCE 1682
me* priA/na/ \
ne>/Sr/r?c///7A Va/ve
LUNKENHEIMER
REGRINDINO
VALVES
have firmly established their unparalleled
merit by the successful results they have
given through many years < of satisfactory
service.
The metal to metal seat — ground to a
tight fit, forms the ideal seating surface to
resist the wearing action of steam at high
velocity. And the fact that the seating
surfaces can be reground (and inexpensive
operation easily accomplished) makes the
renewal of parts wholly unnecessary.
Their extreme durability due to correctly
proportioned parts, high quality materials
and expert workmanship insures economy
in maintenance.
Globe, Angle and Cross Valves with
Inside Screw and with Outside Screw and
Yoke; and Horizontal, Angle, Vertical and
Swing Check Valves for 200 and 300
pounds working steam pressure.
Specify Liunkenheimer and insist on
their installation. Distributors of
Lunkenheimer Products situated in every
commercial centre.
Write for descriptive Booklet No.
517-CD.
l!i£ LUNKENHEIMER £2:
-^•QUALITY"—-
Largest Manufacturers of
High Grade Engineering Specialties
in the World
CINCINNATI
New York Chicago Boston London
111
16
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Half a Crucible
couldn't be sold at all — and
yet poor quality crucibles
which render only half ser-
vice are just as absurd.
The measure of a crucible's
value is the number of heats
it will survive.
BARTLEY
Victory B-42
CRUCIBLES
have set new standards of
crucible endurance.
The "Lawton Process" has
increased materially the
number of heats it is possible
to obtain.
?>
Don't buy "half a crucible
Buy Bartley Victory B-42 and get full measure in
crucible value.
Write for complete data.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Company
OXFORD STREET
TRENTON, NEW JERSEY
PACIFIC COAST REPRESENTATIVES
THE MERRILL COMPANY
121 SECOND STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
17
•The Waugh Way Win,"
A Perfect
Tribute
THE Tonopah Extension Mining
Company, speaking through its
Master Mechanic, Mr. H. A. Reid, says
of the Waugh Model 8 Drill Sharpener:
"AS we have been using one of your Waugh
D. S. 8 drill sharpeners at the Tonopah Exten-
sion in Tonopah, and one at the White Caps
mine in Manhattan, for a period of over three
years with most gratifying results, I wish to
state that we consider it the best sharpener on
the market today.
"WE have used several different types of ma-
chines, changing makes to keep abreast of
improvements as they came up. *****
' 'TO date we have purchased no repairs for any
of the equipment, and we consider the Waugh
D. S. 8 to be the best machine we have ever
used from every standpoint, as to low upkeep,
durability, low air consumption, and efficiency."
TRIBUTES of this sort not only point the way
to contentment and efficiency in the mine black-
smith shop, but afford further proof of the well-
known fact that
"The Waugh Way Wins"
l^t Vwy ^ SX^wTV^^ tWya^ Q.
Denver, Colorado
San Francisco
Scrtmton
El Paso
Toronto, OnL
Lob Angeles JopUn Lima
Seattle Wallace Santiago
Salt Lake City Birmingham Mexico City
Canadian Rock Drill Company, Limited
Sole Agents in Canada
Cobalt, Ont Nelson, B. C.
M-105
New York City
Houghton
Butte
Melbourne
Johannesburg
Vancouver, B. C.
18
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Westinghouse
Agitator Motors
Unexcelled in Economy of
Operation and Endurance Qualities
When a motor has been designed by Westinghouse Engineers (or a
special operation and those same engineers select the materials from the
large Westinghouse storerooms, this motor, judging from all earlier records,
will prove to be the finest motor available for the operation for which it
is designed.
The Westinghouse Agitator Motor is an example of the ability of
Westinghouse Engineers to design a motor fitted in every detail for the
operation it is to perform. This special type of motor is sturdy, extra
heavy, and will resist vibration. The bearings have a special oiling
system and the shaft and guide bearings are proportioned to'withstand the
thrusts that are apt to be encountered. The lower bearing sleeve is of
non-corroding alloy.
The thousands of these motors in successful operation today stand
as justification of our claims.
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
EAST PITTSBURGH.-PA.
-I ill v- 3, 1!H*0
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
19
DOES QUALITY PAY?
QUALITY
AND
SERVICE
Two of
The Victor American Fuel Co.'s
HOISTS
Referred to below
Read What Our Customers Say:
Denver, Colorado, March 18, 1919.
The Denver Engineering Works Co.,
Denver, Colorado.
Dear Sirs:
On March 24, 1913, we purchased two of your electric
mine hoists, one having a single drum with a capacity of
14,000 pounds and the other a double drum with a capacity
of 12,000 pounds rope pull.
Tests made on the single drum machine show that we
are developing 18,600 pounds rope pull on the peak of
the load, which is equivalent to an overload of 23%.
Both of these machines have been in continuous
operation for six years and our records show that it has
never been necessary to make any repairs on either
hoist.
Yours truly,
THE VICTOR AMERICAN FUEL CO.
Sold in California by
rollinsTWebb
INCORPORATED
MACHINERY
447-449 East 3rd St, Los Angeles, Cal. 229 Rialto Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.
Crushers
Rolls
ConTeyors
Air Compressors
Ball Mills
Aerial Trams
Oil Engines
Rock Drills
Tube Mills
Concentrators
Pumps ■'■'•'<'■■
Dryers
20 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS July 3 ; 1920
NATIONAL
Welding-SCALE FREE Pipe
Made by a welding-scale removing process which leaves the pipe surfaces smooth and clean
A new and higher
Standard of
Butt-weld pipe
Quality
Ask for "NATIONAL" Bulletin No. 7—
Manufacture, and Advantages of "NATIONAL" Welding-SCALE FREE Pipe
THE MAMC
NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.
General Sales Offices : Frick Building
DISTRICT SALES OFFICES
Atlanta Boston Chicago Denver Detroit New Orleans New York Sa' t Lake City Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis St. Paul
PACIFIC COAST REPRESENTATIVES: U.S. Steel Products Co. San Francisco Los Angeles Portland 8eattle
EXPORT REPRESENTATIVES : V. S. Steel Products Co. New York City
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
ai
«
a better pump for any
service
99
The SUPERPUMP-A New Product Of An Old Company
A Company known the world over as Designers and Builders of Mining,
Milling, Smelting, Crushing and Cement Making Equipment of excep-
tional merit, including the Bulldog Jaw and Gyratory Crushers, Traylor
Heavy Duty Crushing Rolls with Automatic Lateral Adjustment and
Traylor Patented Water Jackets having the Tuyere an integral part of
the Firesheet.
Bulletin P-101 tells you why your next should be
A SUPERPUMP-Get It
Traylor Engineering & Mfg. Co.
ALLENTOWN, PA.
NEW YOBK
30 Church Street
CHICAGO
1411 Fisher Building
PITTSBURGH ifLI&IOi LOS ANGELES
211 Fulton Bldg. Citizen* Bank Building
SPOKANE
Mohawk Block
22
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ROLL YOUR OWN
ore cars on Hyatt Roller Bearings
and get the savings in lubrication,
power, wheels, axles, etc.that hundreds
of operators are getting every day.
Hyatt Roller Bearing Company
Industrial Bearings Division
New York, N.Y.
July 8, 1020
MINING AND St II.NTII'IC PRESS
2\
A complete air power unit for mines
and prospects
JkT MINES where fuel oil is easily procura-
Z\ ble, the Chicago Pneumatic Oil Driven Air
Compressor is replacing less efficient air
power units.
This machine supplies a complete air compress-
ing plant in one unit. The power and air cylinders
are direct connected. There are no bothersome
chains or belts. The unit operates dependably
and economically on low-cost fuel oils. Simplicity
and automatic operation are other advantages
contributing to high operating efficiency.
These units are readily adaptable in batteries to
large air power requirements. When so installed
they eliminate all possibility of complete shut-
downs.
Stationary, skid and truck-mounted types are
built in several sizes. Ask for bulletin.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company
' Chicago Pneumatic Building ' 6 East 44th Street • New York
Sales and* Service Branches all over the World
.PjRMtHGHAM .CWCAOO •DETROIT ERffl lOPUN .MINNEAPOLIS .PHILADELPHIA RICHMOND .SEATTLE BARCELONA BRUSSELS CKRISTIANIA HONOLULU RLONDON .MONTREAL SlOUt VaNCOUVO.
•CINCINNATI ELDORADO FRANKUN "LOS ANCELES "NEW ORLEANS .PITTSBURGH SALT LAKE CtlY "ST. LOUIS .BERLLN BUENOS AIRES .FRASERBURCH JOHANNESBURG MADRID OSAKA TOKYO WOTNIFEO
.PORTLAND .SAN FRANCISCO TUCSON BOMBAY CAOIE HAVANA LISBON ' MILAN -PARIS TORONTO
C-48
.BGTTALO •CLEVELAND ELPaSO. HOUSTON MILWAUKEE .NEW YORK
BOYER PNEUMATIC HAMMERS -LITTLE GIANT PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC TOOLS
CHICAGO PNEUMATIC AIR COMPRESSORS • -VACUUM PUMPS ■• PNEUMATIC HOISTS,
GIANT OIL AND GAS ENGINES ^-^TcX>~ 1 ROCK DRILLS ■• COAL DRILLS
CHICAGO
The Compressor with
PNEUMtfnc
the Simplate Valve
24
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
NEW YORK ENGINEERING CO.
Above is shown an Empire Gold Dredge under construction in Mambulao Bay, Luzon, P. I. This dredge was de-
signed, built, shipped and erected by the New York Engineering Company. The difficulty of transportation and
burning tropical wood was overcome in this case by installing a steam-electric power plant on the dredge; a bad
clay condition was successfully combatted by special apparatus and many other special features substantiate the
claims of superiority for the Empire Dredge.
A Gold Dredging Problem?
Put it up to us!
From the rime when dredge recovery of gold and tin from Placer
ground was first proved practicable we have specialized in that field
and made the solution of its problems our sole aim.
We make a special study of each particular problem, and from our
experience design a dredge to meet the condition. That's the reason
why no Empire Dredge has ever had to be redesigned — and they
are in operation in all parts of the globe.
We have originated many of the improvements in dredge con-
struction which have greatly added to their efficiency; among them
were the first steel hull, the first self-contained steam-electrically
driven dredge, the first solution of the clay problem, and many others.
Empire Dredges are built in our own plant, ideally situated in the
heart of the district producing the special steels used in their con-
struction, and with the most excellent shipping facilities.
Bring the problem direct to us. We'll find the solution and
carry the work through from start to finish.
Have you our catalogue?
NEW YORK ENGINEERING CO.
NEW YORK
July :;. 192C
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
25
Right from the Beginning
Cameron Centrifugal Pumps meet every speci-
fied condition as soon as they are placed in
operation. There is no juggling of parts or
adjustments to be made. Every pump is
given a thorough running test before ship-
ment, duplicating service conditions to insure
the fact that the pump will exactly fit the
service for which it was specified and con-
structed.
Send
for
Bulletins
A. S. Cameron
Steam Pump Works
11 Broadway,
NEW YORK
S6-DV
• t
J6 •
26
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
NO matter how big the job, the customer can
count on getting steel from us as he needs it.
Years of experience brought our organization to the
point of expert efficiency, and we have established a
reputation for prompt deliveries and good work.
We a*re favorably located for making shipments to
the West and Northwest. Our shops are equipped to
handle every size and every kind of fabricated steel
jobs, and are at your service.
MINNEAPOLIS STEEL
AND MACHINERY COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minn.
BRANCHES: Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; Spokane, Wash.; Denver, Colo.; Great Falls, Mont.; 1S4 Nassau St., New York Cty
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
27
Handle all Mine and Mill
Figure-^rk Mechanically
The Monroe takes the burden of intricate Mine and Mill
figuring just as your crusher takes the load of ore you feed it.
DAILY problems, routine figuring,
complicated calculations, special
reports, records and determina-
tions — "feed" them all to the Monroe
Calculating Machine.
The Monroe has the same capacity
for "run-of-mine" figuring as the big
crusher has for "run-of-
-mine'' ore.
Pad-and-pencil methods of figuring are just
as out of-date and wasteful as crushing ore by
hand-and-arm power.
Would you change your gyratory for a gang
of men wielding sledges.
The Monroe two-way mechanism
is simplicity itself— a turn of the crank
forward to add or multiply — backward
to divide or subtract.
Since there is no obligation, send for
complete details. Fill out and mail the
coupon today.
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
Woolworth Building, New York, N. Y.
Offices in Principal Cities
28 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS July 3, 1920
ORE TESTING
Have you ever carefully considered the reasons for the absolute necessity of
having your ore properly tested by a reliable firm before deciding upon the design
of a treatment plant, and the fundamental rules that must be born in mind and fol-
lowed out by those entrusted with such important work ?
REASONS
It has been said that "No two individuals are exactly alike", and the same is
true of ores, therefore it must be a good investment to eliminate chance and decide
on the correct treatment for an ore by tests entrusted to competent and experienced
engineers, before the mill is designed, rather than to guess at the flow sheet and then
have to re-design and re-build the mill after it has gone into operation and found to
be unsuited to the ore. It is better to invest a few hundred in test work rather than
lose thousands of dollars for lost time, re-building and poor results.
FUNDAMENTAL RULES
Metallurgical Honesty
Be sure the engineers employed by you have established such a reputation that
their results can be relied on, so that the anxiety to obtain for their clients a favor-
able showing may not lead them to over-state the results.
Practical Results
Tests that are obtained in a laboratory or testing plant by methods that could
not be duplicated in practice are of no value ; the testing engineers must therefore be
men of wide and varied practical experience, to be able to judge of such matters,
and the reports gotten up in such shape that a clear decision can be arrived at.
Metallurgical Balance
A close cheek should be obtained when closing up a test report. In a test report
the sum of all the several products should check closely to the value in the heads,
otherwise an error has been made in the assays or weights of the various products,
which if not corrected would vitiate the results, and therefore the conclusions.
Self Explanatory Results
Test results should be submitted in a clear concise form with graphic illustra-
tions as to the method employed to obtain the results. These should be clear to the
lay-man as well as the metallurgist.
For sixteen years we have operated one of the best
equipped and most widely known ore testing plants,
treating ores from all parts of the world. Our increas-
ing business demonstrates the confidence the mining
public has in us and the reliance they place in our results.
Send For Our "ORE TESTING BULLETIN"
THE GENERAL ENGINEERING COMPANY
J. M. CALLOW, President
159 Pierpont Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, U. S. A.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
2'j
Synchronous motors and condensers have made America's
electric power go further without increasing generating or
transmission equipment.
400 h.p.~l$0 r.p.m. Synchronous Motor-
driving Compressor at copper mine
When synchronous motors should be used
WHEN your power factor is low
and you need greater gener-
ator, transformer or feeder capacity.
When you are paying for power at
a rate which is now, or shortly may
be, dependent upon the power factor
of your load.
When your voltage regulation is poor
on account of an existing induction
motor load and production falls off in
consequence, synchronous motors will
raise the average voltage and help
keep it constant.
When continuity of operation is
imperative and dirty operating condi-
General
General Office f*\ ^^
tions make a small motor air gap
inadvisable.
The General Electric Company has
designed complete lines of synchro-
nous motors covering a wide range of
speeds and capacities which are in
extensive use throughout many in-
dustries driving rolls, compressors,
pumps, grinders, crushers, blowers,
fans, conveyors and jnills. Some of
these motors have been in continuous
service for a score of years.
Our experts will be pleased to select
suitable synchronous motors for vour
work.
any
Schenectady, N. Y
PUMPS — COMPRESSORS — CONDENSERS — OIL & GAS ENGINES
WORTHINGTON
Deane Works, Hotyoke, Mass.
Blake 8C Knowles Works ^
East Cambridge, Mass, <^
Worthington Works ^
Harrison, N. J.
LakUaw Works, Cincinnati, Oh
Hazleton Works,
--- ■'':"
Gas Engine Works, Cudahy, Wis,
^^ Power BC Mining Works
||j5> Cudahy, Wis,
fes^ Snow-Holly Works
^ Buffalo, N, Y.
Epping-Carpenter, Pittsburgh, Pa.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
31
The FEATHER Valve Compels
(REG. U.S. I" AT. OFF.)
Dependable Air Service
AIR Compressors and Compressed Air
l Services have been rendered sure, safe and
reliable by Worthington "FEATHER" Valve.
This valve has but one moving part, weighs less
than one ounce and functions without friction or
hammering action. It is a strip of ribbon steel —
strong and long lasting — that seats tightly on
ground face slotted seats and allows air or gas
to pass by bowing against slotted curved guards,
the ends remaining in contact on seat at all times.
All Worthington Air Compressors are
"FEATHER" Valve equipped, and are built by
Worthington, whose service has attained world
dimensions through 80 years' building, designing
and improving Pumps and Pumping Machinery
for all uses and purposes.
WORTHINGTON PUMP AND MACHINERY CORPORATION
Executive Offices: 115 Broadway, New York City
Brunch Offices in 24 Large Cities
_Jj^E±\ Mining Machinery \
Worthington 7" x 10" Tube Mill
Direct Motor Driven
IZ±\ Mining M achinery | gk
V
Jr
36" Worthington Superior ^SCcCully
Gyratory Crusher
I Mining Machinery ~|
54> x 24' Worthington Garfield Roll with
Built-Up Steel Plate, Small Pulley; Steel
Plate Web, Fly. Wheel Rim, Large Pulley
METERS — MINING — ROCK CRUSHING & CEMENT MACHINERY
WORTHINGTON
Deane Works, Holyoke, Mass.
Blake 8£ Knowles Works
East Cambridge, Mass.
Worthington Works
Harrison, N. J.
Laidlaw Works, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Hazleton Works.
Gas Engine Works, Cudahy, Wis.
Power 8: Mining Works
Cudahy, Wis.
Snow-Holly Works
Buffalo, N. Y.
Epping-Carpenter, Pittsburgh, Pa.
•32
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
HH9II
July 3, 1920
Occupies less floor
space than any other
filter on the market.
,wmt; i
Has no wire windings
and cloth remains more
open and pliable at all
times.
Can be redressed in
lees time than any
other filter. Individ-
ual sectors can be
changed in two min-
utes. A unit of 400
sq. ft. area can be re-
dressed in less than
two hours time.
't:
Produces a cake ap-
proximately 50%
thicker than any other
vacuum filter operat-
ing on ordinary metal-
lurgical slim<
iililL
One user of an "American" Filter writes:
"We have in operation here suction niters of two other
types of the cylindrical pattern, and the work done by your
machine and its popularity with the operators compare very
well, and in some particulars exceed that of other types. We
prefer the machine because of its compactness, the close
filtering work done by it, and particularly because of the
ease of renewing the filtering medium.
"The machine seems to be standing up remarkably well,
and promises to continue to give indefinitely the same satis-
factory service which has been secured from it since its
first run."
This company has purchased a second "American for
another operation.
Mininf! men find (he "American" j'usl riflltl for Iheir requirements. Wrile hrllhe
ea'alofiue and tell us your specific problem. *•
UNITED FILTERS
CORPORATION ___
Sweetlandjand Kelly Filters, American Continuous Filters, I" UNITED"
Filter Presses and Sweetland's Patent Me allic Filter Cloth
65 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
CHICAGO SALT LAKE CITY SAN FRANCISCO LOSANuELES
and
speed.
When used for filter-
ing and washing the
cake shows a constant
extraction of 98% and
more of the original
moisture values left in
the cake.
!l!ML
Jllii;
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
33
Style "A" Main Troughing Roller with 20° Trough for 20"
to 24" belts. Style "S" Main Return Roller.
Style "C" Main Adjustable Troughing Roller with 10°. 15°
and 20° Trough. Style "R" Main Return Roller.
Style '•£'
Main Flat Carrying Roller. Style "R" Main
Return Roller.
Style "A" Main Troughing Rollers with 15° Trough for 12*
to 14" belt, and 15° or 20° Trough for 16" to 18" be"
Style "S" Main Return Roller.
Rollers that Really Lengthen
the Life of the Belt
THE following suggestions for lessening the
wear of conveyor belts are based on over
thirty years' experience in installing scien-
tific conveyor systems.
The Style "C" roller illustrated admits of in-
stant adjustment to meet special conditions in
any plant. Styles "A" and "E," while not ad-
justable, are perfectly finished and have the same
high conveying qualities as the Style "C" roller.
The Style "C" Main Adjustable troughing
roller has the following points of advantage, some
of which may be found in other equipment, but
no other one roller contains them all.
<1) MAXIMUM ANGLE OF TROUGH IS 20°— The troughing
pulleys are adjustable to 3 positions: 10°, 15° and 20° horizontal. If
the troughing pulleys are put in their lowest position, a belt of much
heavier ply may be used than would ordinarily be possible.
Experience shows that the maximum angle ct which a belt may be
troughed without finally cracking is 20° and it should be troughed
only so much as is necessary to keep the material from spilling. This
is why adjustability is so desirable.
The slight gain in the carrying capacity of a belt troughed at 35°
over one troughed at 20° is obtained at the price of the premature de-
struction of the belt, and a belt which is troughed excessively also has
a decided tendency to run off the rollers.
(2) EDGES OF THE TROUGHING AND THE FLAT PULLEYS
OVERLAP — The troughing pulleys overlap the edges of the end pul-
leys on the center roll. The inside edge of the troughing pulley is
considerably under the top line of the center roll pulleys, and all possi-
bility of the belt coming into contact with the edges of any of the pul-
leys is absolutely eliminated.
(3) SELF-ADJUSTING BEARINGS— The shaft of the flat roller
is suspended in dustproof babbitted swivel bearings. The bearings
are not rigidly fixed to their supports, but are suspended in them and
are free to adjust themselves to accommodate any warping of the
stringers. Hence the possibility of the shaft binding in the bearings
and ceasing to revolve is eliminated.
(4) FLAT ROLL CARRIES THE LOAD — Maximum support is
given to the belt in the center, where the load is carried, by com-
paratively long central pulley or roll.
<5) POSITIVE LUBRICATION AT EACH BEARING SUR-
FACE — Each bearing surface is provided with an individual compres-
sion grease cup effecting positive lubrication.
(6) CORRECT MECHANICAL DETAILS— Rollers are ample
in every respect.
Rims of the troughing pulleys are reinforced, making it impossible
for the rim to wear away and leave a sharp edge to cut the belt.
Shafting is 1 3,ic in. in diameter for all sizes.
Pulleys are 6 in. in diameter, with faces lathe-finished absolutely
true with bore, making a true running smooth roll that will not wear
the surface of the belt.
Grease cups on troughing pulleys are placed well within pulley rim,
thus protected from injury. Set screws are all of ample size and easily
accessible.
The experience of Superintendents in hundreds
of plants points to Leviathan -Anaconda belts,
carried by Main Belting Rollers, as the ideal
combination for efficient conveying of all classes
of material.
We have prepared two interesting booklets on
belting — "Transmission Belts," and "Conveyor
Belts." We shall be glad to mail either, or both,
on request.
MAIN BELTING COMPANY - Philadelphia
New York Chicago Pittsburgh Atlanta San Francisco
34
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
6000 tons in 8 hours
Hoisting four tons per trip from
a depth of 275 feet, this Nord-
berg Hoist at American Coal
Mining Co., Bieknell, Indiana,
raises 600 tons of coal in eight
hours. The hoist is direct con-
nected to an 800 H.P. motor
which operates in conjunction
with a motor-generator set.
As the mine buys its current
from a public utility company,
it was not desirable to run -the
motor-generator set except dur-
ing the coal hoisting period. At
'other times a 300 H.P. induction
motor is connected to the hoist
through reduction gears, thus
enabling the hoist to be operated
at slow speed for handling men
and materials. A jaw coupling
permits disengagement of the
small motor when the large one
is being used. This is the first
time this arrangement has been
used on a mine hoist.
Nordberg engineers have solved
many visual hoisting problems
in both the coal and metal min-
ing fields. Their wide experi-
ence makes their advice ex-
tremly valuable. Consultation
with them may be arranged by
appointment ; just write.
NORDBERG
f
MACHINERY
Steam Eofiaci
Oil Enginei
Mine Hoiits
Air Compreuo n
Blowing Engines
Condenser!
NORDBERG MANUFACTURING CO.
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
35
Rubber Goods for the Mining Industry
Giant Belt
4810 Air Hose
Rainbow Steam Hose
Rainbow Packing
r PHE mining salesmen and
A the practical factory men
of the United States Rubber
Company are qualified
through study and experience
to recommend the right me-
chanical rubber goods for any
condition existing in this
industry.
They are ready to assist mine
operators by advising as to
the best application of me-
chanical rubber goods in order
that the greatest possible ser-
vice may be obtained for
every dollar invested.
Take advantage of this Com-
pany's facilities and experi-
ence when in the market for
mechanical rubber goods.
Through our nearest Branch
you can obtain the fullest co-
operation of our organization
Rainbow Belt
F. S. Elevator Belt
■573 Hydraulic Packing
United States Rubber Company
The World's Largest and Most Experienced
Manufacturer of Mechanical Rubber Goods
BELTING
HOSE
PACKINGS
MISCELLANEOUS
Transmission" "RainbouXPtlof
"Shawmuf-Giant Stitched'
Covmyat'UnikdStaH'Grainster'
Elevator ."Matchless'Granite:
**• "Grainsler"
Iractor " _ Sawyer Canvas'
(Little Giant Canvas"
Agricultural "Rainbow^Bengal"
"GrainstefSatvyerCanvas"
Air '4810: 'Dexter"
Steam "Rainbow'VianQafected"
Water "R_ainbow}4ogul'}erJeckd"
Suction "Amazon". "Giant"
Garden "RainbowTMogul. lakeside'
AlsoHose for Acetylene.Oxygen.Acid.
Air Drill, Auto Radiator. Car HeatinP.^^!
Air Brake.Gasoline .Oil. Hydraulic, x^tflkt
Chemical.Coke.Creamery.Dischatgcy^^^Z
Vacuum, Sand Blast. Spray, c-
Sheet "Rainbow"' \!inda'"Paramo"
Rod "Wizani','Rainbesto"'Peerless~
"Honest John". "No. 573 "
and hundreds of other styles
in coils, rings, gaskets and
diaphragms —
JJsco Valves —
S THE RIGHT PACKING
\1N THE RIGHT PLACE
Mats.Matting and Flooring.*
Plumbers" Specialties.
Rubber Covered Rolls.
Friction Tape, Splicing Conqf0.\
Dredging Sleeves,
Hard Rubber Goods,
Printers' Blankets .Tubing, a
Soles, Heels. Jar Rubbers;]
Moulded Goods
36
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Section through Neill Jig as Bet In a Hlulce-way. The paddle shown In the middle of its swing —
dotted lines show its swing-limit 3% Inches total. If the Jig Is shut down for any reason, the action
of the sluice Is not Interfered with — the Jig bed Alls and merely forms a larger riffle.
The Great Efficiency of the Neill Jig
in the recovery of fine values, otherwise lost, is due to the fact that it has twice
as much screen area per square foot of floor space as the plunger type of jig.
There's nothing complicated about the Neill Jig — nothing
to get out of order. The pulsion caused by the oscillating
paddle causes an alternate upward and downward flow of
water through the screen-floor of the jig and the fines
which have settled upon it. A layer of shot covering the
Bcreen acts as a self-cleaner and permits the passage of
fine values but not other coarse material.
Remarkable results have been obtained by
the use of Neill Jigs in connection with
dredging operations. It absolutely takes
care of the fine values so often lost in the
sluices — and pays for itself in the savings
it makes.
Write for information and
descriptive literature
UNION CONSTRUCTION CO.
Union Drills -;- Neill Jigs -;- Union Dredges
604 Mission St., San Francisco
WALTER W. JOHNSON, Pre..
HARRY G. PEAKE, Vice-Pre*. and Geo. Her.
Shows outside bearings for the rocker-arms which
carry the paddle. This Is a steel casting. The
stub-end Is for connection with the eccentric. Dis-
charge pipes fitted with cast caps perforated with
V4.' holes.
July ;:. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC. PRESS
:;:
Angle Compound Compressors
and Vibrations
In a vertical compressor vibration of the moving parts shakes the
machine up and clown.
In a horizontal compressor, this vibration shakes it back and
forth.
In a cross compound compressor, the connecting rods and crank-
shaft form a couple which causes still other vibrations.
In these older types, heavy construction and massive bed plates or
foundations are necessary to absorb the vibrations. But these
exist, and cause wear and strain on the moving machine.
The perfect balance of the vertical and horizontal moving parts of the Sullivan Angle
Compound Compressor, assisted by a slight counter weight, practically neutralizes the
up and down and back and forth vibration. There is no twisting strain, because the
two connecting rod boxes seat cheek to cheek on the crank shaft.
This balance, smooth running
Sullivan Angle Compound
Air Compressor
WATER OUTLET
AIROUTLXT
Sectional View of Sullivan
Angle Compound Air
Compressor
and practical freedom from
vibration are responsible for
Angle Compound superiority
as shown by:
Smaller foundations and floor
space
Reduction in horse power per
unit of air compressed
Reduction in wear and break-
age
Smaller and lighter units can
operate safely at greater
speeds, thus reducing initial
cost
Other Angle Compound Ad-
vantages:
Accessibility
Flexible driving arrangements
"Finger" plate valves
Removable Cylinder liner
Aluminum Intercooler tubes
Inlet unloader with high pres-
sure relief valves
Capacity single units 400-1300
feet
Twin units 900-2700 feet
ASK FOR BULLETIN 137S-S
SULLIVAN MACHINERY COMPANY
123 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago
580 Market St., San Francisco
Denver
Knoxville
New York
San Francisco
Toronto
Duluth
r.ondon. En?.
Paris, France
Spokane
Tunis
El Paso
Havana
Pittsburgh
St. Louis
Turin. Italy
Butte
Nelson. B.C.
Salt Lake City
Santiago. Chile
"\ ancouver. B, €
Christian! a
Juneau
Sydney, N. S. W.
Wallace. Idaho
38
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
The OLIVER is fast |
replacing other filters— I
1 BECAUSE
The continuous automatic principle is right;
Designed and built for mill conditions;
Operating cost is lower than any other filter;
Both skilled and common labor are greatly
reduced ;
Net returns per ton are at a maximum.
YOU KNOW THE FILTER.
!wq«WBSfcSW*S^^
WRITE FOR BULLETIN 12 A.
Oliver Contihi
501 Market Street, SAN FRANCISCO
33 West 42nd Street, NEW YORK
July 3. l!i
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
For More Than Thirty Years—
REMCO sswood pipe
Has maintained the REMCO
standard of quality and has
proven its superiority in all
parts of the world.
MADE EXCLUSIVELY . BY THE
REDWOOD MANUFACTURERS CO.,
1611 Hobart Building, San Francisco
40
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, -1920
From Prospector to General Manager
— We meet the needs of Mining Men
WHATEVER the activities of the min-
ing man, he rightly insists upon de-
pendable equipment and tested ma-
terials with which best to do his work.
Starting with the prospector, we attend
each step of the individual engaged in min-
ing and metallurgy, promoting his effi-
ciency by providing for his exact needs.
To render successfully these diverse serv-
ices demands the inventive skill and manu-
facturing capacity of a long-established in-
stitution like ours. Specialized needs can
only be filled by a house that has grown up
with mining and metallurgy and produced
the utilitarian factors required by the in-
dustry.
Whether for the field work of the pros-
pector or the indoor pursuits of assayer
and chemist, we furnish what the opera-
tion requires. We maintain a glass blow-
ing department in connection with our
business and are prepared to make any
special apparatus as per sketch or blue
print furnished.
To meet instant needs, we carry large
stocks at our headquarters and in our
warehouses. In our special display rooms
you may inspect Brown Pyrometers and
Recording Thermometers, Braun special-
ties for the assayer, laboratory equipment,
glassware, c.p. chemicals, etc., for the assay
office. We are inventors and manufac-
turers of
S~*\
CRUSHERS
BRAUINJ
PULVERIZERS
FLOTATION a and
"We Know How To Pack For Export
GRINDERS
FURNACES
CUPEL MACHINES
BRAUN-KNECHT-HEIMANN-CO.
Pounded
1852
576-584 Mission Street Los Ange'es House
SAN FRANCISCO THE BRAUN CORPORATION
INVENTORS AND MANUFACTURERS
LABORATORY LABOR SAVING MACHINERY
SPECIALISTS IN LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND TESTING APPARATUS
DEALERS IN LABORATORY GLASSWARE AND CHEMICALS
July 3. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
41
Pioneers
FIRST to make
Chrome Vanadium
Steel and many other
alloy steels commer-
cially.
FIRST to specialize
in the manufacture of
alloy steels.
FIRST to introduce
heat treated alloy
Steel Grinding Balls,
Grinding Rods, and
Stamp Shoes and
Dies.
ORIGINATORS of
many essential pro-
cesses in the manufac-
ture, of alloy steels.
Leaders
ONE OF OUR PRODUCTS
OPERATING OUR
OWN
Blast Furnaces.
By-Products Coke
Ovens.
18 Large Open
Hearth Furnaces.
3 Large Steel Mak-
ing Electric Furnaces.
Complete Rolling
Mills. ;
Cold Drawing De-
partment.
Forge Shop con-
taining Hydraulic
Presses and Hammers.
Heat Treating De-
partment including
Automotic Furnaces.
UNITED ALLOY STEEL CORPORATION
CANTON, OHIO
Address all Inquiries to our Western Sales Agents
HICKOK and HICKOK
HOBART BUILDING
San Francisco
HENRY BUILDING
Portland, Oregon
KEARNS BUILDING
Salt Lake City
AMERICAN P. O.
Shanghai, China
42
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
y-
2
J
" ; L
' „ \ l|
^ I
Class "PRE" Compressors are found tn
all industries where large direct connected
compressors are desired.
1. Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Cliffs
Shaft Aline, Ishpeming, Mich.
2. Sun Shipbuilding Co., Chester, Pa.
3. In a Pennsylvania Foundry.
4. Erie Forge, Erie, Pa.
5. Presbrey & Copyendale, Barre, Vt.
0. In a large railroad shop in Penn-
sylvania.
Send tor Bulletin 3146
\tM\
fir ' JMw %Sm
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
43
Ingersoll-Rand Preference
Users of Ingersoll-Rand Compressors know these units to be extraordinary in their
simplicity of operation, overall economy and sturdy construction. Their power bills
show a less cost per cubic foot of air delivered, while their repair part record is
convincing evidence of low upkeep cost.
These are only a few of the reasons for Ingersoll-Rand popularity witnessed by
countless installation? in all parts of the world — they possibly explain the number
of repeat orders and duplicate installations.
Ingersoll-Rand Compressors are built for steam, direct connected, electric or belted
drive.
The Class "PRE"-2 Compressors shown in the illustration is fitted with Ingersoll-
Rand Plate Valves, has automatic lubrication and is regulated by 5-stage Clearance
Control. The motor is direct connected to the shaft of the compressor.
A study of these machines will give you the reasons for Ingersoll-Rand preference.
Let us send you a copy of Bulletin 3126.
Ingersoll-Rand Company
11
Mekidl
44
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Pacific Products //yfAe Field
A Pacific Redwood Pipe Line Carries
Water to the City of Oroville, California
The illustration shows part of a 20-inch Pacific Machine-banded
Redwood pipe-line which was laid in 1911. It supplies water
for the city of Oroville and has given uninterrupted service since
its installation.
Pacific Redwood pipe is unequalled for carrying water, acid or
alkaline solutions. Its long life, satisfactory service and adapta-
bility to extremes of climate have made it the standard wood
pipe for mining use.
Write for information and prices
PACIFIC TANK </ PIPE CO,
THE STANDARD SINCE 66
General Offices: 302 Market St., San Francisco
BRANCH OFFICES:
Los Angeles 902 Trust & Sayings Bide. New York 2605 St. Paul Bldr.
Salt Lake City 329 Newhouse Bids. Philadelphia 423 Liberty Bldg-
^
Ill lllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllltlimillllllllll, MHl.lllllI Ill Mill iiiiiiiiiininiiiiiilllllllllllllHlllilliiillnilllllllllllllllllllllllllluilllllllll.illlllii'
EDITORIAL STAFF
T. A. RICKARO, EDITOR
L. A. Parsons, associate editor
A. B. PARSONS. ASSOCIATE EDITOR
iirKiiiiHihiiitmimiiiimtiilillimilllllllllimtllimmiliiliniminiii minium
Member Audit Bureau of Circulations
Member Associated Business Papers, Inc.
ESTABLISHED I860
JPtiblisfied at UO Market St., San Francisco,
bv the Deuxu Publish ino f'ompntiv
BUSI N ESS STAFF
C. T. H UTCH I NSON. MANAOER
E. H. LESLIE. 600 Fisher Bos.. Chicago =
F. A. WEIGLE. 3514 WOOLWORTH BOO., N.V. §
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini iimiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiminiiiiimiiiiiiitiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiimiiiimiiir
SCIENCE HAS NO ENEHT SAVE THE IGNORANT
Issued Every Saturday
San Francisco, July 3, 1920
{4 per Year — 15 Cents per Copy
T/\BLE OF CONTENTS
EDITORIAL,
NOTES
Page
1
AMERICANIZATION
Immigration necessitates Americanization. The
making of Americans. Education. The fusion o£
diverse peoples into the American nation. The need
tor sympathetic contact with the alien. The harm
resulting from various propaganda tor or against
different European peoples. Origin must be for-
gotten in the warmth of allegiance to their adopted
country — America.
A CODE OF ETHICS
The code should be brief and to the point. Some
suggestive criticism. Replacing a fellow-engineer.
The engineers' relations with the technical press.
Make certain of the ground before promulgating a
new code.
DISCUSSION
CONCERNING SILVER
By Charles Butters
The utility of silver coins abroad. American dol-
lars in Mexico. The romance of freshly minted
coins. Dividends paid in coin. The banker takes
the bullion and makes "two for one". Re-estab-
lish the mints — and keep them busy!
COMBINATIONS OF GOLD
By J. H. Mockett Jr . .
An inquiry answered.
ARTICLES
THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION
By An Occasional Correspondent
Carranza never popular in Central and Southern
Mexico. Government under the Carranza regime.
•Page
The impending election. Gonzales and Obregon.
Intrigue in favor of Bonillas. The revolt. The
Plan of Agua Prieta. The present outlook.
THE TESTING AND APPLICATION OF VENTILAT-
ING-FANS
By Walter S. Weeks.
11
How a fan-test is conducted. The equipment re-
quired. Calculations. Door-regulator. Problems.
High-pressure fans.
THE ORE DEPOSITS OF MEXICO — IV
By S. J. Lewis , 16
Deposits in limestone, but not of direct igneous
origin. The Cabrillas group. Mitra mountain.
Theory of origin. Antimony deposits near Wad-
ley. Cola de Zorra; Catorce Real. The identity
of two main types of ores.
THE SCOPE OF WORK OF THE BUREAU OF MINES
By Van. H. Manning 21
Law prohibits doing work for the exclusive benefit
of a private concern. Graphic diagram showing
activities of the Bureau. Illustrations of various
classes of work.
NOTES
MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINUM 15
STEAMING AMALGAMATING PLATES 20
DEPARTMENTS
REVIEW OF MINING 23
THE MINING SUMMARY 29
PERSONAL 30
THE METAL MARKET 31
EASTERN METAL MARKET 3 2
BOOK REVIEWS ; 33
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 34
Established May 24, 1860. as The Scientific Press: name changed October
20 of the same year to Mining: and Scientific Press.
Entered at the San Frar Cisco post-office as second-clasB matter. Cable
' Pertusola.
Branch Offices — Chicago, 600 Fisher Bdg\: New York, 3514 Woolworth
Bdg\: London. 724 Salisbury House. E.C.
Price. 15 cents per copy. Annual subscription, payable in advance:
United States and Mexico. S4: Canada. $5: other countries. $6. ..v.
46
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
The W\r Department of
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
RECOGNIZES IN THIS AWARD FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
THE LOYALTY ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY IN THE PERFORMANCE
OF THE WAR WORK BY WHICH
<$xxwi*fiutyim& <i*+
aided materially in obtaining victory for the arms'
of the United States of America in the war with
the Imperial German Government and the Imperial
and Royal Austro -Hungarian Government
,ftww«
$£CX£MP.r Of WaaJ
Another O. K. on a Good Product
FOR making prompt deliveries and otherwise co-operat-
ing with the Construction Division of the Army."
So runs the citation for which this award was made.
The great Oxweld organization which kept Uncle Sam stead-
ily supplied with welding and cutting apparatus during
traffic- tied days of war is once more devoting its entire ener-
gies to the needs of welders and cutters throughout America.
It is, indeed, amplified, improved and of greater scope be-
cause of its war experience.
In peace as in war, Oxweld has but one standard of product
and service.
OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY
NEWARK, N. J. CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
World's Largest Maker of Equipment for Oxwelding and Cutting Metals
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Illilllt IIIIJMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHI
:m:i I ■ i- ■ Hi ir II
CECRETARY PAYNE, of the Interior Department,
^ has announced tliat plans are afoot for the greater
development of Alaskan resources "through policies that
will attract new capital and improve transportation con-
nections with the United States". It is proposed to con-
solidate the two American shipping lines now serving
Alaskan ports and likewise to consolidate the Federal
supervision of Alaskan affairs, both proposals being ex-
pected to conduce to economy and efficiency.
T. A. H.ICKARV, .... Editor
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililiilllllllllinmiliiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiHhiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiitiiiriiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiitiiiiiiiriiiiiiilliHlllllllllllitiiiiiiiililllilltitliiliiii
the price of tin is maintained consistently in the neigh-
borhood of £325.
PREPARATIONS are complete to start removing 20
■*■ million tons of worthless overburden that will permit
the mining of 5 million tons of rich copper ore in the
mine of the United Verde Copper Company at Jerome.
The work will be done by steam-shovel, this plan being
resorted to after repeated attempts to remove the burn-
ing sulphides in the 'fire-stopes' by other methods. Fire
first started in the sulphide ore in 1894 and has been
burning in certain parts of the mine ever since in spite
of efforts to extinguish it by means of steam, water, and
carbon dioxide. The project includes the building of a
new town adjoining the present site of Jerome, on the
'made' ground that will result from filling the gulch
below with waste-rock excavated from the mountainside.
r PIN MINING in Cornwall is facing a crisis. Two of
■*■ the largest companies, Grenville and Dolcoath, are
reported to have given provisional notice to 1000 of their
employees that operations will be suspended immedi-
ately unless definite promise of assistance from the Gov-
ernment be forthcoming, or until the market and operat-
ing conditions alter materially. At the present quota-
tion, which is around £270 per ton, the mines are losing
money. The operators take the attitude that government
regulation during the War reduced by some £500,000 the
profits that would have accrued in an open market, and
on this contention the plea for a government subsidy is
based. Cornwall was the training-school for many of
the miners who helped develop the industry in our own
country and Dolcoath is one of the most remarkable of
the old mines. From its upper levels it produced £1,250,-
000 in copper ore prior to 1787. The copper was then
exhausted, but on sinking deeper tin ore was developed,
from which £3,572,17«was-i-ealized. At a depth of 3000
feet the tin content of the ore became too low for profit-
able mining, but lateral work has opened other veins the
exploitation of which is expected to produce dividends if
T> ELATED discovery of previously unsuspected wealth
-*-* has more than once brought admirers, flatterers, and
ready favor where none had been before. Even in Ne-
vada where the people pride themselves on measuring a
man 's worth by what he is, not what he has, this trait of
human frailty is being displayed. There is, it seems, a
stray wedge of land in the north-east section of Town-
ship 13 N., Range 34 E., Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian,
a forlorn outcast that until lately had never been given
more than a passing thought by anyone. Recently three
counties, Churchill, Mineral, and Nye, suddenly de-
veloped an affectionate regard for the erstwhile friend-
less vagabond, and now are competing with each other to
establish the closest kinship. Moreover each county
brazenly concedes that its earnest solicitude is occasioned
simply and solely by recent developments in the mine of
the Broken Hills Silver Corporation whose property
happens to be situated in the disputed area. Within a
short time high-grade silver ore has netted $60,000, and
$100,000 worth of ore is said to be blocked out in work-
ings only 150 feet deep. In view of the taxes which will
accrue to the county that wins, if the mine develops into
the bonanza it promises, it is easy to sense the deeply
sympathetic attitude of the contending counties.
"1%/TR. JAMES MacNAUGHTON, general manager for
•*-*-*- the Calumet & Hecla company, is quoted as saying,
in effect, that if it were certain that conditions in the
copper industry of Michigan would continue as they are
today most of the mines in the district would suspend
operations immediately. Ahmeek, Isle Royale, and some
of the conglomerate-lode enterprises are exceptions to
the general rule ; they are returning a small profit. But
there is little immediate comfort in the situation except
the fact that the physical condition of the mines is not
essentially changed. There is plenty of 'rock' of a grade
that has been profitably treated in years past, and there
is a prevailing optimism that sees a readjustment not far
in the future that will enable the mines again to be
operated on a profitable basis. Some of the factors that
haTe helped put the Michigan companies in this unfavor-
able position are shared equally by all of the copper pro-
ducers, but in some respects they have fared worse than
their friends in the Western States. The proximity of
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
the automobile-manufacturing districts with their highly-
paid jobs has made it possible for the minor to get -lucra-
tive and agreeable employment with little difficult}'.
These high wages have attracted the best miners and have
made it difficult to maintain a reasonable degree of in-
dividual efficiency among the men who remained at the
mines. Another handicap which is being felt more than
ever is the dependence in a large measure upon steam
for prime motive power, and the unusual amount of hoist-
ing and hauling of large quantities of low-grade ma-
terial. The copper companies burn annually more than
a million tons of coal, so that an increase of $5 in the
price per ton at once adds $5,000,000 to the operating
costs. The stock of Calumet & Hecla. that has often sold
for $1000 and has paid its holders 152 millions in divi-
dends, is now quoted at $320 per share, the lowest level
reached in 40 years. A dividend of $5 recently posted
came out of surplus, while the Quiney company, always
reputed as being one of the reliable dividend payers, has
just found it advisable to pass its regular payment.
Nevertheless Quiney is completing the erection of the
largest hoisting engine in existence. It weighs, com-
plete, 900 tons and it is designed to hoist ore from a
sloping depth of 12,500 feet. The other companies are
going ahead too; they have confidence in the future.
They feel sure that the price of copper will go up and
that the cost of production will come down ; that it will
be possible again to make a profit from ore that contains
only a little more than one per cent copper.
"TlISCUSSION on the status of silver has almost
*-* pushed the gold problem to one side, for the mo-
ment. We take pleasure in publishing a letter from
Mr. Charles Butters, who needs no introduction. It will
be noted that Mr. Butters was uncertain whether his
letter ought to be published ; that adds to the interest
of it, for communications that are so frank as to verge
upon indiscretion are just the ones most of us like to
read. Mr. Butters, of course, writes as the owner of
silver mines in Mexico; his study of the subject is
prompted by enlightened self-interest, to which none
can take objection. He makes a plea for the greater use
of silver, insisting that the countries of Europe have
almost abandoned the use of the metal, and hope that
we shall be driven to do likewise". Among the Mexicans
there is a great and insistent demand for silver coins,
and we can fill that demand to our advantage, and theirs,
if we awaken to the opportunity. American silver coins
are welcome in South America also, and in the Orient,
for the world is nearly bare of white money. Mr. But-
ters proposes to pay his current obligations, to trades-
men and others, in silver ; he would like the silver-mining
companies to pay their dividends in units of their own
metallic product. It is a pious idea, but we anticipate
that those receiving silver dollars would deposit them in
the bank, preferring to use cheeks or Federal Reserve
bank-notes. Something may he done with the peoples
among whom the credit system has been undeveloped,
but those used to the exchange of notes do not care to
fill their pockets or their safes with the heavy discs of
the Mint. Indeed- in- a perfect world all settlements
would be made by exchange of I. O. U.s ; it is only in a
world rendered imperfect by folly, hysteria, and dis-
honesty that a hard basis of metal is requisite. At this
time when the folly, hysteria, and dishonesty of man-
kind, as individuals and as nations, are particularly in
evidence we find the need for something safer than a
signed paper, and that is why we are so anxious to en-
large our metallic base, which is the shock-absorber of
our commerce.
'T'HE Exploration Company, which acts as the agent,
■*■ in London, of the Treadwell group of mining com-
panies, has issued a circular summarizing the position
of these companies at the end of the financial year. The
information is taken directly from the reports of Mr.
F. "W. Bradley, who is president of the three companies
operating on Douglas island, Alaska. The premier en-
terprise, the Alaska Treadwell, made a profit of $17,500
from commercial business and interest on investments.
A surplus of nearly $2,000,000 of assets over liabilities,
exclusive of property and plant, places the company in
a strong position to carry out its policy of acquiring
new mines in Alaska, thereby establishing the continuity
of the enterprise. The Alaska United shows a deficit of
$78,900, the operation of the Ready Bullion mine, which
is the only one not drowned by the caving at the surface,
having been rendered unprofitable by the excessive cost.
Mr. Bradley suggests that two courses are open, either
to suspend work "until after the purchasing power of
gold becomes greater", or to gouge the mine as quickly
as possible. He recommends, and the directors have ap-
proved, the second plan of action. The Alaska Mexican,
which is flooded, made a loss of $21,250. It has realiz-
able assets worth $177,900. Working. options on three
gold and silver properties in Alaska have been secured,
and examinations are being made. It is sad to contem-
plate the condition of this famous group of mines, and
it is much to be hoped that their good tradition will be
perpetuated by the transfer of their remaining capital
to some new and promising venture in Alaska.
'pHLORIDE VOLATILIZATION' has been success-
^"* fully applied in the treatment of low-grade copper
ore by the Pope-Shenon Mining Co. at its property near
Salmon, Idaho. Two comparatively simple operations
are involved in the treatment by which the metal in the
oxidized ore is recovered in the form of high-grade bullion.
The process, developed by Dr. Robert H. Bradford, con-
sulting metallurgist for the company, is a departure from
the ordinary methods of smelting. The ground ore,
mixed with pulverized calcium chloride in proper pro-
portion, is treated in an oil-fired revolving roaster in
which the metal is volatilized and driven off as a fume
of copper chloride. The fume is passed through a Cot-
trell electric treater that functions perfectly in separat-
ing the precipitated particles of copper chloride from
the gaseous constituents of the smoke. The dust is col-
lected, mixed with lime and charcoal, and fused in a
July 3, i;>20
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
3
melting furnace in which oil is likewise used as the fuel.
'I'lic molten copper is tapped into bullion-molds as a
marketable product, while the slag, which is impure
Calcium chloride, is crushed and reverted to the original
roaster to supply tile ehloride for subsequent operations.
Several features of the process appeal to the metallurgist.
The only raw materials required arc charcoal and lime,
in addition to the necessary fuel-oil. A unit as small as
BO tons is economically practicable; the machinery is not
■omplicated; and the success of neither the roasting nor
the fusion depends upon delicate chemical reaction or
precise regulation of temperature. Sufficient bullion has
been made to demonstrate the success of the process, but
the most advantageous mixtures of material and exact
degree of roasting for the best results are yet to be de-
termined. The satisfactory performance of the new - plant
emphasizes the possibilities in combining the operations
of modern metallurgy in novel ways and is a credit to
the ingenuity and resource of Dr. Bradford.
Americanization
Last week we discussed immigration, and the proposal
to restrict, if not to stop entirely, the entry of foreigners.
During the decade from 1909 to 1918 inclusive there were
admitted into the United States 6,958,034 immigrants, of
whom. 21% could neither read nor write. In 1910 half
of those living in California were foreign-born or the
children of the foreign-born. Here admittedly are hard
nuts to crack, or, shall we say, tough morsels to digest.
Those who oppose the placing of an embargo on immigra-
tion as. being contrary to the American idea, and as being,
in large measure, the shirking of a national responsibil-
ity, are compelled to face the duty, of making the best of
the foreign elements in our population; in short, they
advocate systematic Americanization.
Americanization is the making of Americans ; that is the
bringing of men and women into sympathy with the ideals
of the American republic. As those born in this country
are Americans in fact, the term Americanization implies
the conversion of aliens into American citizens. To do
this effectively it is necessary to employ two processes,
education and naturalization. The latter process, which
is a legal formality, is of no avail in making an alien into
a real American citizen unless he has been so educated as
to understand and love the traditions and ideas that have
made a nation out of the diverse population living in the
United States. This nation consists of men and women
who themselves or whose progenitors came from foreign
countries. They have become united and assimilated by
sharing the same experiences ; they have fought for their
freedom ; they have battled among themselves over great
principles ; they have developed their own ideas of liberty,
of law, and of government ; they have been fused, by liv-
ing and working together, by sorrowing and rejoicing to-
gether, by thinking and dreaming together, into one na-
tion, separate from any other and unlike any other. This
unlikeness is the essence of Americanism, to it the people
of the United States owe their identity, upon it they base
their ways of living, that is, their civilization. In order
to maintain and develop this civilization, this American
way of living, with all that it connotes in the conduct of
domestic, civic, and national affairs, it is imperative that
the incoming foreigner — the immigrant — shall not re-
main an outsider, alien to the spirit of the country. As
Roosevelt said, this must not be "a polyglot boarding-
house"; it must be a home in which all those under the
same roof shall understand each other and work together
in harmony for the good of all. Therefore the newcomer
must be taught the habits and imbued with the aspira-
tions of the American citizen. First of all, he must learn
our language, for without that no complete understand-
ing is possible ; next, he must acquire some knowledge of
the history of the country, so that he may appreciate its
past ; then he must become reasonably well informed con-
cerning the constitution, laws, and system of government
under which he expects to live. The success of this edu-
cative process will depend not only upon him, but also
upon those who undertake to teach him. There must be
mutual sympathy. The foreigner must want to become
Americanized and we must make it evident to him that
we desire to help him to his graduation as a citizen. In
short, Americanization is a sympathetic process whereby
the foreigner, ceasing to be an alien, becomes a fellow
citizen with the direct inheritors of the American tradi-
tion.
The foregoing is, we believe, a fair statement of a
subject that is vital to the welfare of this republic.
Emphasis must be placed upon the need for sympathetic
contact with the alien. This means neighborly inter-
course between American men and women on the one side
and foreign men and women on the other. The children,
if let alone, will follow the instinctive sociability of un-
sophisticated youth. Colonies of alien people should be
disintegrated, not by force, but by kindness, through the
establishment of American social settlements intended to
win the goodwill and understanding of those about them,
by mingling with them unaffectedly and naturally. They
will have to overcome the opposition of political bosses,
bigots, labor contractors, and hyphenated bankers, all of
whom profit from the social detachment of whole groups
or even communities of foreigners. To be effective in
this work of Americanization the social worker must learn
the language of those whom he desires to befriend. Un-
digested alien communities are a menace to the health
of our body politic ; they must be assimilated by kindness
if we are to escape chronic political dyspepsia. It is a
condition that confronts us, not an economic theory. The
War and its aftermath have greatly aggravated the harm-
fulness of the un-Americanized elements in our popula-
tion, because the War made calls upon the devotion of the
Europeans in our midst and those calls were not all in
accord with the national purpose as it was finally defined
by our own participation in the conflict. Since hostilities
were formally stopped by the Armistice we have been
plagued by various propaganda in favor of different
European peoples, all tending to elicit sympathy with
one or another of them, and thereby superimpose some
sort of European sentiment on top of American patri-
otism. A German, an Irish, a British, or any other propa-
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ganda that draws the citizen away from his proper alle-
giance to the United States by developing an un-American
point of view on matters of national concern is more than
objectionable, it is pestilential. Dislike of it necessitates
neither a frothy provincialism nor a sloppy international-
ism. All appeals for, or against, any propaganda based
upon European sentiment have a disintegrating effect on
the national spirit, because they serve to accentuate
prejudices that are non-American. If the alien elements
in this country are to be Americanized, it must be done by
developing sympathy with American ideals and not by
making calls upon an allegiance that has been surrender-
ed to the United States. Hearst's campaign, for example,
may make people anti-British or pro-British, but it does
not help in the least — on the contrary, it hinders — the
Americanization not of the British alone, but of the
Germans or Irish or any others to whom his propaganda
makes any sort of appeal. Most Americans object to the
repeated compulsion to align themselves for or against
such schemes, which serve merely as an irritant entirely
subversive of the sincere effort to cause the diverse Euro-
pean elements to forget their origins in the warmth of
their allegiance to the country of their adoption. Amer-
icanization assumes the existence of a genuine American-
ism, which, while not lacking intelligent sympathy with
other countries and desiring friendly intercourse with
them, is determined to follow its own ideals and achieve
its own destiny.
A Code of Ethics
A special committee of the American Society of Me-
chanical Engineers has prepared a tentative draft of a
'Code of Ethics', which it is proposed to submit for ap-
proval to all of the national engineering organizations,
with the hope that, if generally adopted, it may become
a universal code recognized by engineers in all branches
of the profession. The 14 articles of the proposed code
were published in our issue of June 19. To some it may
seem futile to attempt to improve upon the familiar set
of ten admonitions that were first promulgated on Mt.
Sinai, and equally so to attempt to legislate morals into
people either by imperial or democratic edict. Yet, if a
formal code of ethics we must have, let it be brief and
to the point. We venture the opinion that some of the
articles proposed by the Mechanical Engineers are of
too little importance and that some are either incon-
sistent or not clearly expressed. If they be deleted or
revised the essential parts will gain emphasis, and the
value of the entire code will be increased. For example,
Article 8 reads: "He should satisfy himself before
taking over the work of another consulting engineer that
good and sufficient reasons exist for the change". There
can be but one "good and sufficient reason" for a change
other than the voluntary resignation of the first engineer
himself. That reason is the dissatisfaction of the client
who is presumably the man that foots the bills. Few
mining engineers would care to continue in the capacity
of consultant to a company that wanted to get rid of
them, but that was unable to do so because ethics, or
etiquette, would prevent another engineer from taking
up the work. Why engineer No. 2 should pass judgment
on the motives of the employer or client in seeking the
services of another consultant is hard to see, either from
an ethical, or from any other codic viewpoint. Article
9 declares that "He must base all reports and expert
testimony on facts or upon theories founded only on
sound engineering principles and experience". In the
name of common sense on what else could an intelligent
man base his expert opinion? Indeed, we must assume
that all engineers have intelligence; and even if some
lack it, the mere fact does not make them guilty of any
breach of ethics. Certainly we cannot declare 'un-
ethical', or heretical, one group of engineers because
their conclusions based on the identical set of facts
diverge widely from those of another group. Judged by
that standard every lawsuit involving expert testimony
from engineers would produce material for the consid-
eration of the proposed Standing Committee on Profes-
sional Conduct. Article 10 reads : " He must not regard
as his own any information which is not common knowl-
edge or public property, but which he obtained confi-
dentially from his client or while engaged as an em-
ployee. He is, however, justified in using such data or
information in his own private practice as forming part
of his professional experience." These two ideas are
perhaps not flatly contradictory, but they read as if they
were. If they mean anything it is that an engineer
should not publish confidential information obtained
during the performance of his professional duty without
the consent of his client. Next is Article 11, which says
"He should do everything within his power to prevent
sensational, exaggerated, or unwarranted statements
about engineering work being made through the public
press. First descriptions of new inventions, processes,
etc., for publication should be furnished only to the
engineering societies or to the technical press." In view
of the proclivity of the "public press", which presum-
ably refers to the daily newspapers, to gather sensa-
tional and exaggerated, if not unwarranted, statements,
the engineer who fulfilled the letter of this mandate
would have little time for his professional work. As
to the second injunction, the impress of a spirit kindred
to our own is manifest. We appreciate the motive, and
are duly grateful; but is there any essential obligation
for the engineer to do either of these things in order to
be 'ethical'? Would the failure on his part to do either
be a reasonable excuse for disciplinary action on the part
of the national engineering society to which he happened
to belong? We mention these things simply to illustrate
the point that there has not been exercised enough care
and discrimination in the preparation of what is ex-
pected to be an enduring code. The various societies
may well formulate a statement of essential principles
governing the professional conduct of their members,
but they should take time to decide just exactly what
those principles should be. 'Die Decalogue was written
on stone.
July 3. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
D
I IIIIIIUMII. '
Concerning Silver
The Editor:
Sir — On account of the shortage of silver coin in
France and Germany and England, travelers going
abroad well supplied with silver coins find their way
made easy. An American 25c.-piece represents some-
thing like two francs, a 10c. -piece would be very welcome
money, being about the size of a 50-centime piece. Amer-
ican banking agencies in Paris would find a profitable
business in shipping American coinage for their custom-
ers. "We do thousands of dollars worth of business week-
ly here at our mines in Mexico with American money.
A Mexican silver coin is a great rarity. This has all
happened within a couple of years. This change has hap-
pened so rapidly that in the State of Sonora all prices
are now quoted in American dollars instead of Mexican
pesos. They call them "do-lars" and are very fond of
them. They look pretty good beside a Carranza bill, 100
to the 1. It would seem good business for the American
mints to take any kind of fine-silver bars presented to
them and return American silver coins worth per ounce
anywhere from $1.29 to $1.38 for subsidiary coins and
make this coin by taking in bars at $1 per ounce on any
market-price below the coinage-value. Our mints could
afford to run 24 hours per day on such business.
The silver producer could surely afford to pay the mint
charge, if any, and the express charges, and instead of
sending out checks send real newly minted silver coin.
People would soon realize that there was such a thing as
a silver industry if they saw the real stuff come pouring
into the channels of trade, piling up in the safes, like the
old days of California. A new interest would be taken
in silver mining by the very sight of the bright new
money going from hand to hand; a greater tendency to
[save would be instilled by the sight and ownership of
coin as against paper or checks. Many a man would
think twice before he counted out and parted with ten
thousand new bright silver dollars in ten bags of a thous-
and each. The bulk appeal of ten bags of bright coin is
much greater than that of a cheque with ' ' Ten Thousand
Dollars" written upon it.
' . "We talk of interesting people in silver mining by tell-
ing how much profit they can make. Profit can be made
in rubber, bricks, automobiles, steel, hats, shoes, baking
companies, street-car companies, etc., but that is not
silver mining. Interest them in the metal itself. How
many shareholders in a silver mine paying dividends ever
see any of the company's product fresh from the Mint —
new bright clean coin? Your own money straight from
your own mines — great business! Does not every auto-
mobile dealer get a big window on the principal street
and gloat over his bright new shiny car, which, the min-
ute it has been sold and once around the block, $1000
comes off its value. While our bright new silver may lose
its gloss in going from hand to hand, it still holds its
value, good stuff to own ; get some, put it away in a safe
deposit, always handy. Just about $5 apiece all around
would be as much as the great Government storage before
the "War. That storage is much safer, much more useful,
and much more liable to be a source of political safety for
the people in time of trouble, in their own pockets than in
any great tempting pile represented by floating paper.
How many officers of a silver mining company ever see
an ounce of their product ? As a rule, none of the home
officers, boards of directors, or secretaries. How many
of the officers at the mine? Probably one or two — the
melter and the local secretary. How many of the miners
or mill-hands, or town's-people where the silver is pro-
duced? Probably very few. How many silver dollars
does the average shareholder of the Nipissing Silver
Mines Co., of which there are 14,000 in America and
Canada, carry about with him? I will venture to state
you could not find 500 single American dollars on the lot.
You will find some paper money and subsidiary coin
made at a price of about $1.38 an ounce out of silver for
which the Nipissing received about 60 cents an ounce.
"What is the matter with giving these 14,000 shareholders
their two million silver dollars in 14,000 packages marked
' Nipissing Silver ' ? "Why, say, they would never want to
spend one of them. It would be the greatest advertise-
ment the silver-mining industry could possibly have,
every shareholder receiving from a hundred to three
hundred new dollars. "Where is your imagination if you
cannot see the instantaneous effect of every silver-mining
company paying out all its production in dollars, or
halves or quarters or dimes if you want them, instead of
offering bars like merchandise to people who are doing
their best to knock their product. Everyone knows that
if you have a $20 gold-piece and don't change it you have
always got $20. Just change that $20 gold-piece into
50c.-pieces and lOc.-pieces and walk down the pike with
your girl — you will not find it intact after one turn ; in
fact, you can't for the life of you square your account,
try as hard as you can. Now, why do the producers de-
cline to put their product into such small pieces that it
scatters itself without effort? It will cost some trouble
and about 2% of its value, but there can be no such thing
as a point of saturation because you can always buy both
supplies and labor with American silver coin and your
6
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
shareholders will never send your dividend package back
and demand gold; so why don't we adopt this plan? Let
someone tell me why. Why ? Because bankers and
financiers can make more money out of the people's
money by handling it for them. They can do as much
with a little coin and a lot of paper as the individuals
can with all coin. This process has been going on so long
and so cleverly that most of the world at the present time
sees absolutely no gold and they are getting it down so
fine that shortly there will he no use for silver — paper,
copper, nickel, and nickel and silver taking the place.
This is not good for either the public or the gold or silver
producer.
A gold miner is supposed to be doing what I have out-
lined above, paying out for everything in his own prod-
uct, but as a matter of fact, while he used to do this, he
does it no longer. He is now using paper and his single
dollar is stretched to about twenty dollars in paper
credit. For this he gets no benefit. If everyone should
demand gold payment in actual coin you would soon see
the price of paper fall and the gold producer would come
into his own. Formerly in California the gold miner did
pay in gold coin. It would not suit the banker or finan-
cier to see actual silver used and demanded in place of
paper, because he could not make two into one. He
would have to produce the coin for payments. The silver
miner wants silver to circulate as coin everywhere and
not see shinplasters and postage-stamps take its place.
The producer is the one to start it. again. Do you sup-
pose if the copper producer could pay in kind as easily as
a silver produceer that he would ever try to force his
bulk production on a world that can't pay for it in gold ?
No, he would keep on paying in kind just as the gold
miner is actually supposed to be doing. "Why, the lead
miners, zinc miners, or producers of any kind, would
never quit if they could do what the gold miner does.
There is only one other who can do that — pay in kind —
and that is the silver miner, who paid in kind in a rich
and prosperous Mexico for three huundred years, and
tli is was only stopped by absolute destruction of the pub-
lic mints so that the gold standard could be established
in order that bankers could enrich themselves by issuing
paper, and finally between the bankers and the public
officials the people of Mexico have been absolutely robbed
of all their metallic wealth and'the credit of Mexico abso-
lutely ruined. I say the metallic money is safest in the
hands of the people. No country can be ruined by schem-
ing officials if its people hold the actual coin.
The logical conclusion of such a plan would mean that
every convenience should be given to the silver miner for
coinage and we should have local mints as they formerly
had them in Mexico. For instance, every State produc-
ing large amounts of silver, like Montana, Colorado.
Nevada, should have a local mint for silver coin only.
Imagine Anaconda paying out its total silver production
in wages and for supplies, because, as silver is only a
by-product, no doubt that these two items would absorb
their production of about ten million ounces of silver.
Nevada would become an exporter of silver coin ; Colo-
rado also. Carry this plan out and the United States
would soon realize that there was a real silver industry
and she was a leader in this industry. There is a world
of sentiment in this idea of actually seeing, having, own-
ing, and handling masses of silver coin. This sentiment,
which could be so easily aroused, is at present absent,
from this silver question. We deal only in figures and
hide our bullion in safes and banks. Silver is such a
rarity that even the transfer of a truck-load of bare al-
ways attracts crowds. Coin the bars, that's what I say,
and distribute instead of hiding them away and hunting
a customer for an article we produce but refuse to use
ourselves, preferring to let other people carry the silver
and we our paper. The West will wake up some day and
find the East the real bankers of the world, because
they are, and have been, accumulating real money — gold
and silver. I hope these notes will not be misunderstood
as having connection with the free coinage of silver. All
we ask the Mint to do is to convert our bullion at the
market-price into silver coin. If they will do this, and it
surely would be a profitable business, I should like to
know from Mr. Baker how much his present coinage ca-
pacity is on a 24-hour basis with fine bars. The refining
capacity of the United States is ample. Next, what is the
coining capacity ? Is there any valid reason that would
prevent the Mint from doing this business? If such a
reason exists the producers should see, too, that such a
reason should be promptly removed. It may be doubtful
whether this scheme should be published, as it might
arouse powerful enemies, whom such a plan would not
suit at all. I am not sure of this, however. You would
gain friends as well as enemies.
Charles Butters.
Copala, Sinaloa, Mexico, May 31.
[We comment upon this interesting letter on another
page of this issue. — Editor.]
Combinations of Gold
The Editor:
Sir — On page 103 of the 'Mining Engineers' Hand-
hook' in the paragraph entitled 'Gold-Bearing Minerals', I
I find the following statement: "In some of these min-
erals, when the ores are refractory, it may exist as an
involved telluride, or as a bismuth compound (Richard
Pearce)."
Having frequently seen in print the statement that
tellurium is the only element with which gold is found
in chemical combination, the sentence quoted appears to
me as unusual. The question is of particular interest to
me as our ores carry a percentage of bismuth as well as
gold. It appears to be also a subject of some general ,
scientific as well as economic interest.
J. H. Mockett Jr.
Red Cliff, Colorado, June 14.
[Gold is found in combination with selenium as a |
seienide, with silver as eleetrum, with mercury as amal-
gam, with rhodium as rhodite, with palladium as an
undetermined mineral. The combination with bismuth
was found in Australia and is called maldonite. — Editor]. -
.Inlv 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
REFUGEES ON THE ROAD
A TKAINLOAD OF REVol.TOSOS
The Mexican Revolution
By An Occasional Correspondent
Within two months Carranza has fallen, just, when he
was least expected to do so. Long ago in 1915, even just
after the destruction of Villa's army in the C'elaya cam-
paign, everyone was saying "Carranza can't last six
months". And even more confident of speedy disaster
for the Mexican "scourge of God" were the prophets of
1916 as they saw rapidly pass into history the typhus
epidemic, the wholesale repudiation of Carranza money,
the ( 'arrizal massacre, and the looting of the State banks
of issue. Yet undismayed by these Mexican Cassandras,
Carranza proceeds in 1917 to boldly launch a brand new
constitution and to exchange his uncertain post of 'First
Chief' for the dignified office of national dictator or
'President'.
Carranza was never popular in Central and Southern
Mexico, for he had treated this most densely populated
part of the country like a conquered province ever since
his triumphant entiw into Mexico City from the north in
August 1914. His general unpopularity in part accounts
for his inability to pacify the country and suppress the
countless rebel or bandit leaders who under various
designations as Zapatistas, Villistas, Felicistas, etc., kept
up a constant turmoil in all the rural districts sufficiently
fertile to lie self-sustaining for their troops. Even to
guard the cities and railways, Carranza has had to main-
tain an army of 150,000 men, the most expensive one in
Mexican history, involving in 1917, even, an expenditure
nearly thrice what Huerta's army, of a similar size, had
cost. As Carranza paid them about the same wages as
Huerta, and Mexican soldiers feed themselves, the dif-
ference cannot be explained by the extra price for the
limited quantity of munitions consumed, but only by
graft on a colossal scale.
Carranza's leadership of his party was always anal-
ogous to that of a cowboy whose pony has managed to
keep in advance of a stampeding herd of cattle, and his
attempt to suppress graft well illustrates this. In 1917,
Is an aftermath of the Mexican- American Peace Confer-
ence, Carranza engaged Henry Bruere of New York to
visit Mexico and revise his financial accounting system.
One of the principal changes due to Bruere 's advice was
the organization of a general purchasing agency for the
army called Departamento de Establecimientos Fabriles
y Aprovisionamiento Militar, which was not under the
War Ministry but directly under the control of the
President himself. Anyone selling merchandise to this
new department had to furnish his bill in sextuplicate,
so that it had to be approved by six separate officials be-
fore a warrant could be issued for payment. When this
excellent system had been guaranted a sincere trial by
the naming of a (relatively) honest officer, General
Murguia, as head of the department, it really seemed as
if the days of wholesale military graft were numbered.
And so they would have been, had not Carranza bark-
ened to the pleas of his favorite generals, like Juan Bar-
ragan, the "Mexican Adonis" and Chief of Staff, and
allowed them to continue to make their own purchases as
heretofore.
Thus, in spite of an increase in Federal and local
taxation of three to eight times the rates prevalent under
Porfirio Diaz, the Carranza regime was always hard up.
It had no money to construct new streets or public
edifices, or even to repair those already in existence.
The minor bureaucracy had usually to accept part of its
wages in bonds, while the pay of school-teachers was
often in arrears and numerous schools were closed en-
tirely for lack of funds. The few big cities were crowded,
but not from normal growth, for their surplus popula-
tion represented the refugees who had fled from the
chronic disorder of their rural homes. All Mexico seemed
slipping back into the barbarism of the early nineteenth
century. The flow of foreign capital for investment had
practically stopped in 1914, for who would risk more
money in a country where vast sums previously planted
had already been jeopardized, rendered unproductive,
and even wiped out completely by brigandage on the one
6
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
hand and an unscrupulous anti-foreign government on
the other.
Such in brief was the situation last summer when can-
didacies for the presidency began to be launched. Car-
ranza's term ran until December 31, 1920, and the elec-
tion to choose his successor was scheduled to take place
the preceding July. From the very beginning there
were only two noteworthy candidacies, those of Pablo
Gonzales and Alvaro Obregon, the two generals of divi-
sions who shared between them the command of the
Carranza armies when they marched victoriously south
in 1914. Gonzales is reputed to have spent five years as
a youth in California, where he married his American
wife. Later, he became a commander of Rurales (rural
police) in Nuevo Leon, but was unknown to fame till
he joined Carranza's forlorn hope to fight Huerta, in
1913. As a field-officer he showed some talent for or-
ganization but none for strategy, so that he doubtless
owed his high command to the personal favoritism of
the First Chief. Like most of the Carranza generals, he
found revolution a profitable occupation and cleaned up
perhaps the biggest fortune of the gang. In 1918 he
possessed the huge sum required for planting and har-
vesting nearly the whole State of Morelos, then just won
from the Zapatistas, and his total reward from his
patriotic labors is estimated to exceed 5,000,000 pesos.
Younger by several years than his middle-aged rival,
Alvaro Obregon hails from a small town in Sonora where
he owned a farm and was mayor at the beginning of the
revolution in 1910. He then raised a company of volun-
teers and did some fighting for Madero, but did not
attain distinction until Sonora rebelled against Huerta
in 1913. It was the Sonoran army that first successfully
defied Huerta and saved Carranza when he fled west
from his early defeats. Exhibiting marked military
talent, Obregon soon rose to the command of the Sonoran
army, and in 1914 he marched south along the west coast
and captured Guadalajara, while the ever-victorious
army of Generals Angeles and Villa was breaking
Huerta 's power on the central plateau.
When Carranza was east off as First Chief by the
military convention at Aguascalientes, in October 1914,
and had to flee for refuge to Vera Cruz, it was Obregon
who led his Sonorans to the rescue and reorganized the
army during the following wiater. In his spring cam-
paign against the Convention army led by Villa, Obregon
re-captured Puebla in January, and by May had anni-
hilated his opponents as a result of his victories between
Celaya and Leon, where he lost his right army by a shell.
Shortly after the transfer of the Carranza government
to Mexico City, in September 1915. Obregon became
Secretary of the Army and Navy, and held this post till
his retirement from politics a year later, after his mar-
riage to a Sonoran lady of large estate.
Until this spring, the presidential campaign proceeded
along peaceful lines. Obregon toured the country to
greet his partizans, and both he and Gonzales subsidized
newspapers in the State capitals as well as in the metrop-
olis. In the latter place. Obregon 's friends started last
sumnier 'El Heraldo' and this year 'El Monitor' as
dailies, while Gonzales launched 'El Liberal'; all this in
opposition to the old established dailies 'El Universal',
'Excelsior', and 'El Democrats '. New posters an-
nouncing a candidate's merits were struck off every little
while and pasted on the billboards of every post-office
town in the country.
Carranza meanwhile remained, in his public utterance,
quite neutral as between the rivals, and frequently an-
nounced his intention to abide by the letter of the law,
both by holding the July election and by retirement in
December in favor of the successful candidate ; but sud-
denly he changed his attitude and Mexico awoke one
morning in March to see blazoned on every billboard the
posters announcing the launching of the presidential
candidacy of Ygnacio Bonillas, then living at Washing-
ton as Mexican ambassador. Bonillas was born nearly
60 years ago in northern Mexico and completed his edu-
cation for a civil engineer at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, at Boston. Practising his profession for
awhile in our South- West, he removed later to the north-
west of Mexico, where he made a good income as an en-
gineer. He joined Carranza's army in 1913 and so far
gained the First Chief's favor that on the establishment
of the Government at the capital in 1915. he was ap-
pointed a cabinet minister in charge of the Department
of Communications. Well educated and of fair admin-
istrative ability, Bonillas, unlike the majority of his con-
freres, had kept himself clear of graft. He was as ideal
a candidate, from every personal standpoint, as could be
found among the Carranzista leaders, and had his back-
ing been of a less sinister character, he might have caught
the popular fancy. As it was, everyone began to ponder
as to Carranza's motives in proposing Bonillas, and ad-
vertising him, regardless of expense, from Guatemala to
the Rio Grande. Some said that he was booked for the
role of the earlier Gonzales, the henchman of Porfirio
Diaz, who held the presidential office after Diaz's first
term, from 1880 to 1884. and amended the Constitution
so that his master could legally get himself re-elected in
1884 and continue as president indefinitely. Others be-
lieved him to be a mere stalking-horse for Luis Cabrera,
the Secretary of the Treasury and one of the most cun-
ning hypocritical rogues of the Carranza gang ; they an-
ticipated that the presidency, once gained by Bonillas'
popularity, would shortly be resigned in favor of Don
Luis, the most cordially hated man in Mexico but never-
theless the right bower of the Carranza regime.
At the beginning of April, the Bonillas backers be-
came bolder and summoned Obregon from his political
campaign in Nuevo Leon to Mexico City, where he was
accused of conspiracy in connection with the trial of
Cejudo. The latter — a famous Zapatista general for
many years in Vera Cruz — was accused of fraud, in that
his recent acceptance of amnesty from Carranza had
been merely the favorite Zapatista trick for re-stocking
the surrendered troops with money and munitions as a
preliminary to again becoming rebels. Although the letter
incriminating Obregon with the Zapatistas was declared
by Cejudo to be a forgery, the former was detained in
the capital under surveillance "'pending further investi-
.Inly ::. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
gation". Soon eluding liia captors, Obregon skipped to For several weeks the revoll progressed slowly. Car-
Michoacan, and his escape was the signal for the revolt ranza prepared to invade Sonora from Chihuahua and
VENUSTIANO CABRANZA
ALVARO OBREGON
De la Huerta to capture Sinaloa. The legal governors
of Michoacan, Zaeateeas, and Guerrero declared for
Sonora, as did also a number of rebel leaders; including
the Zapatista, General Genevo de la 0. of Morelos, the
Villista, General Pelaez of Vera Cruz, and the Oaxa-
quenb, General Mexequiera. In later April, it looked as
if the new war might continue indefinitely with Obregon
~<
Bu&
'•'- ^i<a
&jtS|
a^E^pW
"
PANCHO VILLA
of Sonora, whose governor, Adolfo De la Huerta, pro-
■claimed the Plan of Agua Prieta as the charter of a new
irevolution.
THE RURALES
holding the whole Pacific Coast region and Carranza the
remainder of the country.
In the first week of May luck deserted its erstwhile
favorite, Carranza, for General Pablo Gonzales joined
the rebels, with most of the army of the East, captured
Puebla, and threatened Mexico City. After sending
10
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
General Murguia south with 5000 men to hold Gonzales
at bay, Carranza loaded 15 trains with his chief officials
and valuables and prepared to repeat his mancevre of
1914 by retiring his government to Vera Cruz. Yet his-
tory refuses to repeat itself on demand, so Carranza
never reached Vera Cruz, but was overwhelmed by the
enemy near the eastern edge of the central plateau and
obliged to flee on horseback into the mountains of Puebla
with a few followers. Here the end came suddenly on
tlie night of May 22, when Carranza was shot by an
attack on Ids tent by a body of supposedly friendly
troops. Amnesty to leave the country was even then on
its way from General Obregon, but it arrived too late to
save the fallen dictator.
Meanwhile the triumphant revolutionists had entered
Mexico City with the semi-savage horde of Genevo de la
O. and had domiciled Obregon in the Hotel St. Francis
and Pablo Gonzales in the National Palace. Following
the Plan of Agua Prieta, the Congress was called in
session to elect a provisional president, and on May 24
chose Adolfo De la Huerta to fill out Carranza 's unex-
pired term of seven months. The election for the new
President and Congress was also postponed from July
till the first Sunday in September. Soon thereafter, all
Carranza 's governors and generals, who had not already
turned over or been captured, tendered their submission,
so that the Obregon revolution was finally achieved by
June first with a minimum of bloodshed and destruction
and with scarcely any damage to civilians.
Although nominally a Federal republic, under the
Constitution of 1857 and even more that of 1917, the
national President has found it easy to centralize the
powers of the States in the Federation and to control the
latter as he wished. In fact the recent imposition by
Federal fiat of governors on the States of Queretero,
Guanajuato, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi was one
of the chief accusations brought against Carranza in the
Plan of Agua Prieta. However much the President's
arbitrary power may be criticized by his opponents, such
power — equivalent to that of a military dictatorship —
seems to be necessary if the barbarous masses of Mexico
are to be kept within the bounds of a civilized order.
The all-important public question then is the personality
of the dictator, for upon his nod hangs the woe or weal
of millions. As Pablo Gonzales has just withdrawn his
candidacy, the election of Obregon is practically assured
and his character thus becomes of supreme importance to
everyone interested in Mexico. Will Obregon, like Car-
ranza, continue to humor the brigand generals of the
army and the grafting chiefs of the civil service; and
will he likewise be helpless to restrain the bands of rebels
who have infested every fertile rural district? Will
Obregon also flout, foreigners, especially Americans, and
deride their pleas for damages by a Claims Commission
that carefully files every brief but never pays a cent ?
Upon the answer to these questions depends the fate of
Mexico as soon as the chief foreign sponsor for the Car-
ranza government retires from office next March.
As Obregon 's public career to date has been purely
military data are lacking for any exact prediction as to
his reaction when invested with the civilian power. Al-
though his troops were probably no more respectful of
private property when on campaign than those of other
leaders, I have no evidence that he ever used them as
looters for his personal enrichment as was the practice
of many of his confreres. His retirement from his high
office in 1916, just when the national harvest of graft
was most bountiful, indicates anyhow that avarice is not
his ruling passion. Of only a mediocre education like
Carranza, Obregon is free from the petty jealousy that
rendered the former so incompetent as an administrator.
Carranza would have no one near him whose intellect
surpassed his own, and was once heard to remark : "I
don't want ministers in my cabinet, but just clerks who
will do my will". On the contrary, Obregon realizes his
own limitations and has made his success by his wise
selection of the best talent available for aids. An ama-
teur strategist, he was yet able to beat the semi-profes-
sional army of Villa in the Celaya campaign by his prac-
tice of never making an important move without a coun-
cil of war. Of proved bravery as a soldier, Obregon
should carry into the presidency the courage required to
suppress any malefactor however powerful — a courage
that Carranza never had.
Since his recent triumph, Obregon 's public statements
of policy have been reassuring. He not only sustains the
Plan of Agua Prieta in guaranteeing the inviolability of
private life and property, but has promised to forgive all
his political and military opponents except those guilty
of vulgar crimes. He tells foreign investors that they
will be again welcome in Mexico and assures them that
those paragraphs of the new Constitution which infringe
their just rights will be eliminated by legal amendment.
Toward the perennial rebel political movements he has
adopted a conciliating policy and has thereby done more
for pacification in a few weeks than Carranza was able
to do in five years with a huge army. The rebel generals,
Pelaez of Vera Cruz, Mexequiera of Oaxaca, Genevo de
la. 0. of Morelos, and Felix Diaz of the south-east coast
have already laid down their arms, along with many
lesser lights, and Villa seems to be the only important
rebel who is still recalcitrant.
Free from avarice, competent as an administrator,
courageous as a lion, friendly to foreigners, and con-
ciliatory toward his opponents, Obregon offers every hope
of being able to restore Mexico to the honored place
among nations she held under Porfirio Diaz.
Nickel-copper ore to the amount of 301,133 tons was
mined and 238,700 tons was smelted in Ontario during
the first quarter of 1920. Shipments of matte totalling
10,168 tons were made to the refineries in Canada. United
States, and Great Britain. The British America Nickel
Corporation is producing matte at Nickelton and ship-
ping to the refinery at Desehenes, Quebec. The latter is
now in operation, although there was no output for the
first quarter. A considerable part of the nickel oxide
produced" at the Port Colborne refinery of the Inter-
national Nickel Co. of Canada is marketed in that form
in England.
•lulv 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
11
The Testing and Application of Ventilating-Fans
By WALTER S. WEEKS
Definitions. The efficiency of ;i machine is the per-
centage of the power input that is recovered in useful
work; it is the useful work thai it does in a given time
divided by the power input.
A ventilating-fan is given credit for the static head
that it produces and for the veloeity-head that it pro-
duces. The pressure that a pressure-fan maintains to
overcome the mine resistance is called the static pressure,
and the pressure corresponding to the veloeity-head
which the air possesses when it leaves the fan is called
the velocity-pressure. The sum of the two pressures is
known as the total or dynamic pressure. The total
PlG. 1. ADJUSTABLE ORIFICE
pressure multiplied by the quantity per minute in circu-
lation gives the useful work; this divided by 33,000 is
the horse-power that 'shows up' in useful work in the
air.
Pan-Testing. In order that a fan may be tested, it
must be operated at constant speed under varying con-
ditions of resistance. Tests may be run at any speed.
The resistance is obtained by interposing orifices of va-
rious sizes in the duct leading from the discharge in the
case of a pressure-fan ; and in the duct leading to the
intake, in the case of an exhaust-fan. The orifice is
placed at the end of the duct. With small fans a pipe
serves as the duct, and with large fans an artificial drift
must be constructed. A frame in which are placed any
desired number of slats is a convenient type of variable
orifice. Pig. 1 shows a model of such a frame. The
duct should be long enough to smooth out the eddies and
establish a steady flow. The length of a circular duct
is usually made 50 times the diameter.
In mining work the oyer-all efficiency of the fan and
motor, or fan and engine, is obtained. To determine the
efficiency of the fan itself a transmission dynanometer is
necessary, or else the efficiency of the motor and trans-
mission must be separately ascertained. In the follow-
ing discussion I shall use the manometer readings in
inches of water as a measure of head or of pressure.
A fan may be operated as a pressure-fan, as an ex-
haust-fan, or as a combination pressure-and-exhaust fan,
so we must understand the methods of determining the
total pressure under these conditions. Let us first con-
sider the pressure-fan.
The arrangement for the test is shown in Pig. 2. The
PlG. 3. VERTICAL MANOMETER
adjustable orifice is at a. At 6 a tube is inserted with a
pin-hole opening facing the side of the pipe. This tube
is connected with a vertical manometer like the one in
Pig. 3. The scale on the manometer is a flat 'engineer's
scale' reading to decimals of an inch and arranged so
that the bottom edge, which is the zero of the scale, may
be set opposite the water-level in one leg of the manom-
eter. The method of mounting the scale is shown in
Pig. 4.
The Pitot-tube readings for velocity should always be
taken in the duct midway between the fan and the orifice.
The manometer, under the conditions shown in Pig. 2,
records the friction and shock losses that the air un-
dergoes after passing the point b. We credit the fan
with this static pressure. In addition we must credit
the fan with the velocity-head in the air at the point 6.
For example, let us suppose that the area of the pipe
is one square foot and 3000 cubic feet per minute is
flowing. The manometer reads 4 in.. The weight of
one cubic foot of air is 0.08 lb. Let us determine the
12
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1020
total pressure and the horse-power in the air.
The velocity is 50 ft. per second.
0.08 X 2500
Velocity-pressure =
= 3.12.
2g ' 64
Velocity-pressure = 3.12 lb. per square foot.
;-> 12
Velocity-pressure in inches of water V5- =0.6
Total pressure in inches of water = 4.0 + 0.6 = 4.6.
Total pressure in pounds per square foot = 4.6 X
5.2 = 23.9.
23.9 X 3000
Horse-power =
= 2.2.
33,000
Let us consider next the exhaust-fan arranged as in
Fig. 5. The manometer is connected at a. The pressure
at a will be below that of the atmosphere. Conditions
are quite different from the case we have just discussed.
In the ease of the pressure-fan, the pressure recorded by
the manometer did not cause the air to flow; it did not
impart the velocity-head to the air; the air received its
velocity in the fan before it reached the manometer, so
the reading did not include the velocity-head.
In the case of the suction-fan, the atmospheric air is
still. The fan produces a depression, and this depres-
sion, or difference in pressure between the outside air
and the fan-inlet, must not only overcome friction but
it must supply the velocity-head to the still air when it
enters the pipe. A manometer arranged on an exhaust-
fan as in Fig. 5 records the total pressure produced by
the fan.
The fact to fix in the mind is this: if the pressure
measured causes the flow, the velocity-pressure is in-
cluded in the manometer reading. If we had a pressure-
fan arranged as in Fig. 6, where the air is brought to a
negligible velocity before entering the pipe, the manom-
eter would record the total pressure, because the only
source of velocity would be the pressure in the chamber.
The usual arrangement of a pressure-fan is that of Fig.
2, where the manometer does not measure the velocity-
head. Now let us attack the problem of a combination
pressure-and-exhaust fan.
There are three subdivisions under this head that de-
mand attention. The discharge-pipe is (a) the same size
as the suction-pipe, (6) smaller than the suction-pipe, or
(c) larger than the suction-pipe. Two manometers are
necessary, one at the inlet and one at the discharge. "We
must be careful that we do not cVedit the fan more than
once with the velocity-head. Let us consider the condi-
tion where both pipes are of the same size. The velocity-
head in the diseharge-pipe is the same as that in the
suction. The manometer on the suction gives friction
and shock losses in the suction-pipe, and velocity-head in
the suetibn-pipe. The manometer on the discharge-pipe
gives friction and shock losses in the discharge-pipe, so
the sum of the two manometer readings is the total
pressure produced by the fan.
If the discharge-pipe is smaller than the suction-pipe,
there has been a gain of velocity-head. The fan must be
credited with this gain. An example will illustrate:
The suction manometer reads 3 in. and the discharge
manometer 4 in. The size of the suction is one square
foot, and that of the discharge is half that ; 3000 cu. ft.
per minute is circulating. Weight of air is 0.08 lb. per
cu. ft. Determine the total pressure.
The sum of the water-gauges is 7 in. This includes
friction in both pipes and velocity-head in the suction.
The velocity-head in the suction is 0.6 in. The velocity
in the discharge is twice that in the suction, so the ve-
locity-head in the discharge is four times that in the
suction, or 2.4 inches.
The gain in velocity-head is 2.4 - 0.6 = 1.8.
So the total head is 7 + 1.8 = 8.8 inches.
If the discharge-pipe is larger than the suction-pipe,
it is assumed that the fan has recovered some of the
velocity-head of the suction-pipe, therefore the decrease
in velocity-head is deducted from the sum of the two
manometer readings.
In all cases the horse-power in the air is computed by
the formula :
H P .:
PQ
33,000
P = Total pressure in pounds per square foot.
Q = Quantity in cubic feet per minute.
In running a complete fan-test, the orifice is first en-
tirely closed, and the pressure readings taken. Air is
then admitted in stages, and at each stage the quantity
is determined with the Pitot tube, and the pressure read-
ings and power measurements are taken. With these
data the working characteristics of the fan may be
plotted.
With cubic feet of air per minute as abscissae, we may
plot curves of static pressure, total pressure, velocity-
pressure, and efficiency.
The Equivalent Okifice of a Mine. In the fan-test
the resistances interposed are orifices of various sizes. If
we know the pressure necessary to overcome friction in
a mine when a given quantity of air is flowing, we can
calculate the size of the orifice that will offer the same
resistance. Such an orifice is called the 'equivalent'
orifice of the mine. The conditions that exist when a
fan is connected with an equivalent orifice may be repre-
sented by Fig. 2. The fan will maintain some pressure
in the pipe. Air will flow out through the orifice accord-
ing to the law v = V 2 g h. The static pressure-head in
front of the orifice is first converted into velocity-head
and the air flows through the orifice. When it meets
the still air outside, the velocity-head is destroyed by
shock. The actual pressure that causes the flow through
the orifice is the static pressure plus the velocity-pressure
in the air as it approaches the orifice. This velocity of
approach is ordinarily so small that it may be neglected,
and the flow calculated as if it were due to the static
pressure alone.
Let A be the area of the orifice to be determined.
v = Velocity in feet per second.
g = Quantity in cubic feet per second.
Av = q.
When air flows through an orifice under a constant
head, the area of the stream contracts so that the actual
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
13
amount flowing is only ti4' , of the theoretical amount.
q = 0MA ^YgT.
= 0.64 y'YJh
I. it Q = quantity in cubic feet per minute.
t = pressure in inches of water.
0.075 lb. = weight of one cubic foot of air.
0.0004 Q
Then A =
V i
Fig. 2
Example : It requires a water-gauge of 4 in. to force
100,000 cu. ft. of air through a given mine. What is the
equivalent orifice?
A =
0.0004 Q
A = f = 20sq. ft.
The principle of the equivalent orifice may be used to
determine whether a fan will accomplish a given result.
For. example, suppose that you wish to force 3000 cu. ft.
per minute into a pipe in a drift and it requires 12 in.
of water to do it. You have on hand a fan that you
would like to use. Connect a pipe and orifice to the fan.
Hard-wood Guide
Glass Tube
Close the orifice until the pressure rises to 12 in. (if it
ever does) and measure the air. If 3000 cu. ft. or more
is passing, the fan will do the work. If the fan when
running at the maximum speed never gives a water-
gauge of 12 in., or if when the water-gauge is 12 in.
less than 3000 cu. ft. is passing, the fan will not do.
Such a short-cut method would not be used in selecting
a big fan because the efficiency of the operation must be
considered carefully.
The Door-Regulator. The approximate opening of
a regulator in a mine-door is figured in the same man-
ner as the equivalent orifice. It will be recalled that the
resistance of a split must often be increased to prevent
too much air from passing through the split. Let us see
how the regulator destroys pressure. Referring to Fig.
7, a given quantity of air is circulating in the drift with
a velocity of V feet per minute. In a door a is an orifice
the size of which is controlled hy a sliding gate. The
velocity increases when the air passes through the orifice.
This increase in velocity-head is accompanied by a de-
crease in pressure-head. If this increase in velocity-head
is then destroyed, we have thus destroyed a certain
amount of static pressure. The velocity-head in the drift
itself is usually so small that it may be neglected. That
being the case, the size of the opening of a regulator
necessary to destroy a given amount of static pressure
may be computed with the equivalent orifice formula.
0.0004 Q
A=-
Vt
In this case i is the number of inches of pressure that
we wish to destroy. After the air passes through the
regulator at high speed it strikes the slow-moving air in
the drift, and swirls and eddies until it finally slows
Uncharge
Fiq.5
Fig. 6
down to the normal speed of the drift. This formula is
used to determine the approximate size of the regulator,
and then it is adjusted until the correct amount of air is
shown by the anemometer. Example : the resistance of a
drift when 15,000 cu. ft. per minute is flowing is two
inches. ' The resistance must he increased to 4.25 in. with
the same amount of air. Determine the regulator
opening.
The regulator must destroy 2.25 inches.
. 0.0004 X 15,000
A = 4 sq. ft.
Changes op Velocity. In the first article of the
series* we studied the friction of the ventilating air and
we saw that we must apply enough static pressure to
overcome the friction of the circulating air. "We must do
more than this ; we must supply enough additional pres-
sure to account for such increases in velocity as may take
place.
*'M. & S. P.', April 24, 1920.
14
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3. 1920
Consider Fig. 8. Suppose air is moving 500 ft, per
minute in the drift A B. The area of B C is half the area
of A B, so the velocity in B C is 1000 ft. per minute. This
increase in velocity-head must come from the static pres-
sure at a, so the static pressure at b will be less than the
static pressure at a by an amount equal to the gain in
velocity-head. Now, when the stream of air enters B C
it contracts, so the speed at entrance must be greater
than the speed after the air fills the whole drift. When
an orifice such as the opening of a drift or shaft is fol-
lowed by a duct of the same size, the coefficient of con-
traction is about 0.82, so the velocity-head at the entrance
will be 1.5 times the velocity-head in the drift after the
air fills the drift. So half the normal velocity-head in
the drift B C is lost in shock at the entrance. If the
a- -b
■d
B C L
Fig. 8
1 in.
2- in.
Fig- 9
l-m.
change in size were made gradually, this shock loss would
not occur.
If the drift B C opens into a larger drift, the fast-mov-
ing air in B C strikes the slow-moving air in C D and the
difference in these two velocity-heads is lost in shock. If
the change were made by a gradually expanding cone,
part of the velocity-head would be recovered and the
static pressure at d would be greater than the static pres-
sure at c. In practice, however, no velocity-head would
be recovered because no attempt is made to save it. So
if the velocity increases we must add the increase in
velocity-head to the mine resistance ; if velocity decreases
we neglect it. Let us now take a short example of select-
ing a pressure-fan for a small mine considering the
changes of velocity. See Fig. 9.
The fan situated at A is to force 50,000 cu. ft. of air
through the openings as shown. The friction is first cal-
culated, and this is given in inches of water below the
drifts. The figures in the drifts indicate the velocity of
the air in feet per minute. The problem is to determine
the water-gauge at which the fan must operate.
Assuming that an air current with a velocity of 4000
ft. per minute has a velocity-head equivalent to one inch
of water;
Increase in velocity-head at B . . 1.5 X 0.063-0.016 = 0.078
Decrease in velocity-head at C (neglect)
Increase in velocity-head at D . . 1.5 X 0.076-0.01 =0.104
Total increase in velocity-head 0.182
Friction 3.75
The fan for this mine must be able to supply 50,000
cu. ft. of air per minute at a static pressure of 3.93 in. of
water.
If there are but few velocity changes, they may be
neglected, but if there are many in series, their sum may
be appreciable.
Now let the fan be an exhaust-fan situated at E, with
the air circulating as before. We must now maintain a
slightly greater difference in pressure between the two
ends, because it is now necessary to give velocity to the
still air outside in order to make it enter the mine. The
velocity in the first drift is 500 ft. per minute. This is
equivalent to 0.016 in. of water. The velocity-head at
entrance is j.g X 0.016 = 0.024
Since the velocity-head outside is zero, this is the gain
in velocity-head.
The suction-fan must maintain at the fan-inlet a static
vacuum, as it is called, of
3.93 + 0.024 = 3.95 in. of water.
A manometer at the fan-inlet of an exhaust-fan mea-
sures friction and all the velocity changes that take place
from the still air outside. A manometer at the discharge
of a pressure-fan measures friction and all the velocity
changes that take place after the air has passed the ma-
nometer. It does not measure the velocity-head in the air
in the first drift. The air possessed this velocity before
it reached the manometer.
High-Pressure Fans. Up to the present we have been
dealing with fans that supply a large amount of air at
low water-gauge. This sort of fan is adapted to mine
ventilation when the ducts are the ordinary mine open-
ings. There is another type of ventilation no less essen-
tial, namely, the ventilation of drifts and tunnels while
they are being driven. For such work, a pipe-line is run
from the entrance to the breast and the air is either
forced in through the pipe or sucked out through the
pipe. Such a ventilating system demands a much higher
pressure ; for instance, to force 2000 cu. ft. of air per
minute through a 12-in. pipe 4000 ft. long requires a
pressure of about 40 in. of water.
Ordinary centrifugal blowers can be obtained that will
deliver at pressures up to 1.5 lb. per square inch. To
obtain pressures above this we must use a centrifugal
compressor or a positive-pressure blower. A centrifugal
compressor is built much like a high-grade turbine-pump
with diffuser-vanes. A single-stage centrifugal com-
pressor may be obtained to give pressures up to 4 lb. per
square inch.
In tunnel work it is often desirable to reverse the air
current. By means of a 'four-gate system' either the dis-
charge or the inlet can be connected to the pipe. With
high-pressure fans or centrifugal compressors, a smaller
water-gauge will be produced when the fan is exhausting
than when it is blowing, provided the speed and quantity
be he same. This is because the density of the air
handled is less when the fan is exhausting.
If the pressure that a fan or centrifugal compressor
will produce when blowing is known, the suction-pressure
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
15
that tlii- machine will produce may be computed by
Utilizing the simple nil<>. that with a given speed and
quantity the ratio of the absolute discharge-pressure to
the absolute inlet-pressure is a constant.
Let /' be the absolute discharge-pressure.
Let /', be the absolute inlet-pressure.
Then £- = C
Example :
A tan blowing gives a pressure of 40 in. of water.
AV hat suction-pressure will it create when exhausting 1 .'
Let the atmospheric pressure be equivalent to
407.2 in. of water.
Conditions when blowing.
P = 40 + 407.2 = 447.2
P, = 407.2
When exhausting. /' will be at atmospheric pressure,
and P, will be determined.
447.2 _ 407^
407. 2 X
X = 370
407.2 - 370 = 37.2
So the suction-pressure is 37.2 in. below the atmos-
phere.
A centrifugal compressor gives 4 lb. per square inch in
blowing. What negative pressure will it create?
Assuming that atmospheric pressure is 15 lb. per
square inch,
19 = 15
15 X
X = 11.8
15-11.8 = 3.2
The negative pressure produced when exhausting will
be 3.2 lb. per square inch.
[ This is the fourth of a series of articles by Professor
Weeks on the ventilation of mines. The first article
appeared in the issue of April 24, the second in that of
•June 12, and the third was in the issue of June 19. —
Editor.]
Manufacture of Aluminum
The possibilities of manufacturing aluminum by hydro-
electric means at The Dalles, Washington, is discussed
in Bulletin No. 5 of the Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion at the University of Washington by Charles D.
Grier. The manufacture of aluminum requires two
steps: the preparation of pure alumina, the oxide of
aluminum, from the ore, bauxite, and the solution and
electrolysis of this alumina in a bath of molten cryolite,
resulting in the deposition of molten aluminum at the
bottom of the bath. Bauxite, which is the natural
hydrated oxide of aluminum, is never pure enough as
mined to be used without purification. This is accom-
plished by calcining the ore, dissolving in caustic soda,
precipitating alumina from this solution, and calcining
the resulting precipitate. This purified alumina is then
fed at intervals into a bath of used cryolite which is
contained in a box-like furnace or pot, the bottom of
which acts as a cathode. The anodes are specially pre-
pared amorphous carbon blocks suspended in the bath,
and are gradually consumed by the oxygen liberated.
The bath is kept molten by the heat generated by the
passage of the current. The law materials required for
tin' manufacture of aluminum are bauxite, coal, and
caustic soda for purifying it, cryolite, and carbon in
some form (usually as petroleum-coke) for making elec-
trodes. There are no bauxite deposits of large size known
in Western States. If domestic ore were to be used in a
plant in Washington, it would be necessary to procure
the ore from the Eastern deposits, those in Arkansas
being the nearest and also of the highest grade. Large
deposits of high-grade bauxite were being opened up in
British Guiana before the War, and a considerable
amount of this material has been used at the Soller's
Point plant of the Aluminum Company of America, in
Maryland. Permits for developments beyond those then
licensed were not granted by the British government
during the War, and it is said that operations in the
future are to be governed by the policy of conserving the
mineral wealth of the British Empire for itself. If these
deposits become available they might be a very attractive
source of raw material for an aluminum plant on the
Pacific Coast. Deposits of bauxite are also found in
Dutch Guiana. India produces bauxite of high grade,
and ore from that source might also be available. These
latter sources involve ocean transportation, however, and
although this may be an advantage when the shipping
industry becomes more nearly normal, it is thought best
not to consider the use of these ores in this discussion.
Cryolite is mined in Greenland, which furnishes the
world's supply. It is possible to substitute an artificially
made fluoride of aluminum and sodium; this is done to
some extent by the European manufacturers. Coal and
caustic soda for bauxite purification are readily avail-
able both in Arkansas and in Washington ; purification of
the bauxite at the mine would, however, save freight. Pe-
troleum-coke is readily available from the oil-refineries ;
charcoal could also be readily obtained if a steady and
reliable demand for it were assured.
The production of aluminum in the United States in
1917 was estimated to be 200,000,000 lb., which is nearly
triple the production in 1913. The average yearly in-
crease since 1913 in the annual production was about
34,000,000 lb. The 1917 production may be taken as a
measure of the capacity, for all plants were working at
full capacity. It is stated that this capacity will be
doubled by the completion of the plants of the Cheoah
Aluminum Co., a subsidiary of the Aluminum Company
of America, thus making the producing capacity roughly
four million pounds per year. It is difficult to forecast
future consumption, but it is evident that the present
American producer is providing ample capacity to take
care of a great expansion of demand, and that any new
company entering the American market would have
strong competition. The conclusion is that the erection of
a plant on the Pacific Coast at the present time is not
justified.
le
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3. 1920
The Ore Deposits of Mexico— IV
Ore Deposits in Limestone and Not of Direct Igneous Origin
By S. J. LEWIS
Introduction. In the foregoing articles I have dis-
cussed Mexican ore deposits in sedimentary rocks in
which a close association can be established with igneous
intrusives. There is a large number of mines in Northern
Mexico where such an association cannot be proved. In
this class of deposits, confined exclusively to the base
metals, nearly every condition is similar to those found
in the other classes of orebodies, except for the lack of
an igneous rock in contact with the mineralization or
close to it. In this class the sediments are disturbed,
broken, and highly altered in the immediate neighbor-
hood of the orebodies as by hot solutions and vapors. The
ores themselves, with their gangue, are in all important
respects similar to the products of mineralization in the
cases of admitted igneous influence. Hot or tepid min-
eral springs in the neighborhood of some of these deposits
give evidence of expiring vulcanism, establishing the ex-
istence in the locality of a deep-seated source of mag-
matic emanations. While exploration in most of these
will probably never go deep enough to prove such igneous
connection, the inference is warranted that igneous in-
trusives, buried under the sediments, are the ultimate
source of the hot solutions that mineralized these de-
posits, at least as regards the primary ores. In most of
these cases, pay-ore has been made largely by oxidation
due to secondary agencies.
The Cabrillas Group. This group of lead-zinc-iron
mines, comprising the Cabrillas, Palomas, and Higueras
properties, besides adjoining prospects, are in the State
of Coahuila, mid-way between Monterrey and Saltillo.
They are of comparatively recent discovery, having risen
to importance owing to the requirements of local smelters
for fluxing ores. The ores are oxides of lead. iron, and
zinc, the last occurring in large and profitable bodies in
the Palomas. Unoxidized cores'of galena are common in
specimens of the better ore.
"The limestone ridge in which these orebodies occur
has a general east and west axis, with spurs radiating
northward into the valley. The mineralization is in a
belt of black, shaly, badly-crushed limestone." 17 The
ores were deposited in pipes or chimneys, in open or in
partly open eaves, and as replacements of strata con-
nected with the chimneys, all along the great fracture
that goes through the mountain from the Cabrillas to
the Palomas side and through to the Higueras mine across
the next arroyo. This great fracture is the arresting
feature of the deposits. From the Palomas side it shows
■"Lewis, S. J., 'Cabrillas Lead Mines', 'E. & M. J.'
p. 1071.
Vol. 89,
up well, with the heavily folded strata changing rapidly
from the nearly horizontal position where undisturbed to
the steep inclination into which the movement pushed
them. It is a typical break like that with which similar
deposits are so often associated in Northern Mexico, its
special feature being great size. No intrusive igneous
rock is known in the immediate neighborhood. The ad-
jacent hills, which show no signs of fracturing, do not
contain ore deposits, so far as known. The known ore is
bottomed by a thick sheet of highly altered rock made up
principally of gypsum, the full thickness of which has
never been determined. When the deposits are followed
down to this gypsum formation their richness diminishes,
finally to extinction, the fracture meanwhile pinching to
a small crack that cannot be followed.
In every essential feature, except the visible presence
of an eruptive or intrusive rock, the deposits are similar
to typical contact orebodies in limestone such as those we
have been discussing. We have a huge channel through
the limestones, at high angles to the bedding-planes, with
the sediments sloping away from the fractures on both
sides. We have the oxidized ore deposited along this
channel, replacing the lime strata in some places and fill-
ing open spaces in others. We have the highly-altered
"black shaly" limestone in the immediate vicinity of the
orebodies. although the country -rock is the ordinary blue
limestone of the Cretaceous. Such alteration is very sug-
gestive, like the other conditions, of a deep-seated source,
from which mineralizing solutions worked their way up
and caused deposition in the fracture. As has been said
in a somewhat different connection, "the cause is found
at some point below the effect, pointing to a reaction be-
tween an ascending mineralizer and the limestone"'. 18
The only cause that could satisfy the conditions of the
problem would seem to be a deeply-buried intrusive mass,
whose forced entrance into the ground would be amply
sufficient to cause the fracturing, and from which the
mineralizers have since made their devious way upward.
In no other way can this local break be explained: re-
gional folding in the general course of mountain-making
could hardly have made such a fracture system and left
everything in the immediate neighborhood practically
undisturbed. In shape, size, orebodies. and general fea-
tures, the deposits belong to the contact group, except for
the unknown intrusive.
Mxtra Mountain. Similar low-grade lead-iron ores
were found in considerable tonnage in Mitra mountain
near Monterrey, some twenty-odd years ago and a good
isprescott. Basil, 'Economic Geology', Vol. X. p. 61.
July 3, li'L'O
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
17
lea] of it lias been used by local smelters. The mountain
gets its name from the striking resemblance its three-
pointed crest bears to a bishop's mitre, when seen from
tin- city. Monterrey stands on a little plain, hemmed in
by liiirli mountains carved out of the limestone strata.
Likr them, the Mitra rises almost sheer from the flat; on
closer acquaintance, it turns out to be much longer than
one would suppose in viewing it from the city, and to be
approachable on the west side by small foothills that
break the ascent. On the east it is all but insurmount-
able for the average climber. As
in all this region, the folding has
been severe, and erosion has usu-
ally cut through the upper parts
or anticlines. The mitre-shaped
crest is formed by blocks of the
anticlines left as small spires; in
most of the surrounding mountains,
such spires have been removed,
leaving only the sharply-tilted
strata of the hillsides, with the
domes cut off, so that the ends of
the beds go down on the opposite
sides like huge irregular steps.
The Mitra is a conspicuous excep-
tion ; it shows a gently-sloping
dome on its longer axis, broken
here and there by transverse frac-
tures, and capped by the spires re-
maining from the uppermost
strata. Its summit is over 5000 ft.
above sea-level.
The ore deposits are of the red-
dish-brown earthy oxide type, with
a little lead, a few hundred
grammes of silver, considerable
iron, and a low percentage of in-
soluble: hence 'neutral' or better,
and desired by the smelter. The
ore occurs in irregular bodies, fill- „
ing caves in the limestone along a
line of fracturing, or replacing cer-
tain strata. In the former case,
the trail of mineralization can generally be followed,
with patience and skill, from one cave orebody to the
Enext ; in the case of the blanket deposits, the mineraliza-
tion generally can be traced from one of the dominant
fractures, as in the true contact deposits. The most
important feature of the Mitra deposits is the fact that
all pay-ore to date has been found in strata of dolomitic
limestone near the crest of the mountain, where the
fractures go through them. Above this dolomite hori-
zon, only low-grade iron ores have been found, exclu-
sively in the anticline. There is considerable dissemina-
tion of galena crystals in the limestone above the ore-
horizon. No heavy fracturing is visible at any point.
Nevertheless, lines of weakness at the anticlinal folds
have served as channels for mineralizers from below,
where solutions could react with the wall-rock, widening
the channels and depositing the mineral. See Fig. 15.
The accepted theory for the origin of these deposits,
based on J. E. Spurr's work in 1906 in the Diente de-
posits on the other side of the city, shows that the metal-
lic minerals were precipitated out of solution by the
selective action of certain sediments in which fossils are
especially abundant. A similar action will be shown to
have influenced the deposition of antimony ores at Wad-
ley, south of Catorce. The present paper is more espe-
cially concerned with the origin of the mineral-bearing
solutions that found their way into the favorable horizon.
'isseminatvtf /finera/s
Onpbojies
'" t)/ac/r.
Under-lyir?Q (iran'/fed') . ,
Fig. 15. la mitra
In accord with the views herein expressed, their origin
must be sought in deep-seated igneous bodies lying below
the limestone. There is no intrusive structure visible
anywhere near the deposits, and the lines of circulation
in the anticlinal domes may have originated in the
crumpling and folding of the sediments. The origin of
the mineral that in one form or another found its way
into these channels is, however, a more difficult matter
to determine.
The precipitation products of similar solutions will be
similar ; if the ores of various deposits are closely alike, it
would certainly seem that the original solutions from
which they came could not have differed markedly. All
of these lead-zinc deposits in Northern Mexico have much
the same features of occurrence and mineralization as are
found in the numerous lead-zinc deposits in the same
region where the intrusive is known to exist. For ex-
18
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ample, the principal structural difference between these
Mitra deposits and those of the Santa Rosa range near
Muzquiz, State of Coahuila, is that, in the latter, evi-
dences of vulcanism are abundant, instead of being deep-
ly buried as in the Mitra. The Cedral mine, for instance,
in the Santa Rosa area, is on a fracture showing a strik-
!KtfWE
;ia*--?y^M
' of -
P6E9 ^^Mtk "m,-^ i^dgjfc '• *ctbmi
^^JSIfl
Fig. 16. wadley antimony mines
ing resemblance to the Cabrillas fracture. At Topo
Chico, a few kilometres from the Mitra, profitable de-
posits of lead and zinc have been found in ground en-
tirely like the Mitra formation ; with the difference that
the mineral springs close-by suggest a connection with
underground sources of mineralization. The fact is that
in all these mines, the ore occurs either in fractures or
close to them in the anticlines, not disseminated over
The one visible structure of igneous origin in the dis-
trict is the vast field of granite, which outcrops about 30
km. north of Topo Chico and is such a prominent feature
of the Bustamante and Villaldama topography. The in-
FlG. 17. COLA DE ZORRA MINES
fluence of this intrusive mass would be quite sufficient to
account for the neighboring ore deposits; and it would
seem entirely probable that similar occurrences of gran-
Mine*
Fig. IS. the santa mama
ANTIMONY MINKS
Shales,
undisturbed areas. The most satisfactory hypothesis of ite, related to the Bustamante rock, underlie the Monter-
origin would allow for the existence during some bygone rey lead-zinc district and are responsible for the mineral-
period of deep-seated mineralizing influences that be- izing emanations that made their way up to the limestone
came effective through the dislocation of the strata. and deposited the ore.
July 8, [920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
L9
The antimony deposits near Wadley, in the State of
San l.uis l'otosi. have been mentioned as showing the in-
fluence of the organic remains due to fossils on ore depo-
sition in adjoining strata. They furnish an interesting
example of mineralization in limestone clearly to be
ascribed to mineralizers Crom deep-seated sources, yel
whirli cannol he connected directly with any near-by
Volcanic mass. The district is 16 km. south of the Catorce
Real, hence it is an outlier of the andesite-limestone con-
tact district of Catorce. The only volcanic rock I have
seen near the Wadley deposits is found in arroyos at the
Southern end of the district, where dikes of reddish-
brown doleritic rock appear crossing the formation. The
antimony mineralization is entirely in the blue limestone
high on the mountain wall, and shows no admixture of
any common metal or of gold or silver. A little cinnabar
is frequently found coloring tlte antimony crystals, and
in certain veins carrying no antimony a little lead has
been observed. As a whole it is strictly an antimony de-
posit, the ore occurring chiefly as replacements in certain
strata, but the mineralization nearly always proceeds
outward into those strata from vertical fractures cross-
ing the formation.
The principal mines are at Tierras Prietas, near San
Jose village, 8 km. east of the railway station at Wadley.
In these the ore occurs in each of three parallel and
nearly vertical fissures, running nearly north and south
for a distance of over a kilometre, and cross-faulted in
two places, the displacement being but a few metres east-
ward. The strata are nearly horizontal at the top of the
mesa, and at a short distance below the surface some of
them have been extensively replaced by irregular bodies
of antimony, usually in crystalline form, penetrating the
limestone. The accompanying' photograph (Fig. 16)
shows the two principal blankets, crossed by the Treinta-
y-Uno cross-vein, all heavily ore-bearing. The principal
lode, already mentioned, makes another set of crossings
with these, as it runs parallel to the edge of the mesa.
These deposits have been partly mined to a depth of
100 m. below the outcrop, there being as yet no change
observable in the ore in that depth. The ore is antimony
oxide, chiefly valentinite, usually in fine crystal aggre-
gates. Individual crystals are sometimes ten to twelve
inches long. Stibnite is occasionally found, also cry-
stalline, and nearly all the oxide crystals have a core of
sulphide. A good deal of the product is in the form of
amorphous mineral taken out as an earth of rather lower
grade than the coarse ore. Oxidation has certainly been
very thorough in these deposits, yet the evidence of the
original sulphide deposition is indisputable.
A striking and noteworthy feature of the deposits is
the occurrence of especially good orebodies at the inter-
sections of vertical fractures with certain strata having a
favorable chemical reaction. The accompanying sketches
(Fig 19) show the mode of occurrence of the ore under
variants of these conditions. Several cases show fine
bodies in the anticlinal folds where cut by a vertical frac-
ture ; others in the syncline where cut in the same way ;
and still others in practically level horizons. In every
case, the richest ore is found in the vertical fissure, di-
minishing in quantity and grade as it goes outward from
the fissure mid penetrates the strata. It is evident that
the ore deposition was principally from magmatic vapors
under high temperature, which carried in the antimony
in a state of volatilization, and which dropped their
metallic burden under certain conditions of temperature
anil reaction with the strata. Whatever the cause of the
fracturing, the mineral must have come from a source of
great heal and pressure, corresponding to some deeply-
buried volcanic mass, in which the antimony minerals
San Cristoba/
5anta Em'/W
La Queirae/o.
Fig. 19
were differentiated at a late period of magmatic segrega-
tion, and discharged in gaseous solution.
At the Cola de Zorra mines of this group, at the north-
erly end of the district, there has been a striking mineral-
ization of the limestone strata adjoining a narrow belt of
sandstone and clay, about 30 ft. thick, in which fossils
abound, chiefly small clams. I have traced this fossil
horizon south to the Tierras Prietas mines, always im-
mediately above the mineralized strata; however, it is
nowhere so clearly defined as at the Cola de Zorra. The
photograph (Fig. 17) shows the string of mine openings
in the strata immediately below the sandstone. The re-
placement of lime by antimony is extensive through
these strata, vertical fractures showing occasionally as in
the Tierras Prietas deposits. The strong twisting to
which the whole structure has been subjected, giving
heavy folding of the limestones, makes the ore-occurrence
very striking, with the sandstone beds on top, the ore-
bearing strata below, and a stratum of black, hard,
silicious limestone, highly altered, below that, all three
formations following the regional folding faithfully. It
is quite evident that here, as in the dolomite horizon at
20
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
the Mitra or in the lead-iron mines of the Diente, the
organic remains contained in the sandstone exercised a
precipitating influence on the solutions circulating in
their vicinity. It seems equally evident from the testi-
mony of the ore-occurrence in the vertical fractures, with
enrichment at the intersections with certain strata and
dying out with distance from the fissures, that the solu-
tions and vapors carrying the primary mineral had an
igneous origin. With metals so easily volatilized as anti-
mony and the mercury that frequently colors it, it may
he assumed that the primary deposition was effected from
gases. The comparatively short distance of the deposits
from the enormous igneous structure of the Catoree dis-
trict : the presence of the dikes in the "Wadley arroyos, in
connection with the important part played by the dikes
of Catoree. all point to a regional relation to the Catoree
deposits. In the last analysis, the antimony orebodies at
Wadley, deposited in cracks made in the strata through
the general processes of mountain-making of the area, are
to be considered as evidence of dying vulcanism, which
in its earlier stages made the lead-silver deposits of
Catoree, and originated, like the latter, in the magmatic
gases and waters discharged from the igneous rock-mass.
Summary. In the foregoing examples, we have begun
by considering true contact deposits, in which the igneous
origin of the orebodies can be conclusively demonstrated,
and have ended with others in which such igneous origin
could only be deduced by analogy ; the most striking fea-
ture of the study, as a whole, is the practical identity of
the ores in the true contact class with those we have just
reviewed. This feature seems to me of the greatest im-
portance in its suggestion of a common origin for all
these ores.
Steaming Amalgamating Plates
Under certain conditions the removal of amalgam from
plates requires a good deal of labor, unless steam is used
to soften the deposit. A plate which has a comparatively
large amount of amalgam left on it will be capable of re-
ceiving a liberal amount of mercury when dressing and
will remain soft and in good receptive condition longer
than a comparatively bare plate under the same condi-
tions. To preserve this quality such plates will be
scraped but lightly, and the result is an accumulation
which produces a high steaming-return. The man who
adopts this method will obtain a high return by amalgam-
ation, but will probably be accused of holding gold back,
and may be reckoned a culprit as far as advocating steam-
ing is concerned. The next example may be taken where
a similar, condition of plate is arrived at with a minimum
of amalgam left. This will require more frequent dress-
ing to prevent hardening, and hard scraping every day ;
probably also a thorough scouring every other day. This
will also give a high amalgamation return with a maxi-
mum of labor and the conscious rectitude of a humani-
tarian who does not advocate steaming. A variety of
the foregoing is found where the plan is to scour less
often, but make a big job of it once a month, in place of
steaming. Another variety of method is adopted by one
group where a decrease in mercury consumption is
effected by the use of blankets. It is not proposed to go
further into methods, because a difference of opinion
exists as to whether a high extraction by amalgamation is
desirable or not, in view of the labor required and the
idle capital involved in laying out the plant.
Variety exists in the ratio of water to rock crushed.
On the one hand we have a plant with launders having
insufficient grade, where the water-ratio is necessarily
high. On the other hand, we have a more modern plant
with probably excess launder-grade, but economic in
plate-area. In the first case we may have a ratio of per-
haps 8 : 1, and in the second as low as 2:1. These dif-
fering conditions will affect the grade of the plant — 18%
being necessary in the one case compared with 8% in the
other. Apart from the overcrowding of the plate-area,
this extra grade causes difficulty in control of the plate-
condition. With a bare plate there is nothing to arrest
the mercury in its tendency to roll off into the launder, so
a choice has to be made as to leaving a deposit or very
frequent dressing. In any case amalgam at the top of
the plate will harden more rapidly and require removal
with more labor whether by steaming or by other means.
The degree of alkalinity of the mill-water affects accumu-
lations on the plates in that an excess of lime hardens
the amalgam. The fineness of the gold amalgamated is
also a minor factor ; coarse gold particles do not accumu-
late and are not difficult to remove, but the reverse is
true of the finer particles. Dealing with the facts as they
are interpreted by S. H. Pearce and T. E. Thomas, accord-
ing to a statement quoted in the 'Financial Times', steam-
ing can only be considered as a labor-saving device which
enables plate-accumulations to be removed with the least
difficulty, as otherwise, in the absence of a mechanical
device to take its place a large expenditure of labor would
be incurred in most instances. In the absence of medical
evidence to the contrary, they do not consider, if proper
precautions are taken, that steaming should not be con-
tinued. The precautions advised are well known to
everyone, and are : Provide ample ventilation for plate-
houses; lead exhaust-steam from plates to the outside of
the building ; select men for the operation who are known
to be immune; divide the work as much as possible, to
avoid over-exertion; provide wash-basins and mouth-
washes for the workmen.
JIanganese ore assaying 40% has been produced from
the Three Kids property near Las Vegas, Nevada. The
method of mining the orebody is simple. An overburden
from 2 to 12 ft. thick which directly overlies the deposit
is broken up and removed by horse-drawn scrapers; the
ore is then mined by the open-pit method. The deposit is
drilled from the top, and with each round of blasts a
great quantity of ore is broken down. The fragments of
ore are generally of large size. Large pieces may be
handled with little difficulty because of the low specific
gravity of the ore, but where necessary the fragments
may be reduced by chopping with axes and streaks of
sand that adhere to some of the ore may be scraped off
with small hand-tools.
July 3, 1930
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
21
The Scope of Work of the Bureau of Mines
By VAN. H. MANNING
Under the organic acl establishing it. the Bureau of
nines is authorized to conducl investigations designed to
Bnprove health and safety conditions in the mineral in-
ilust iv and to promote efficient development and utiliza-
tion of our mineral resources. The field of the Bureau's
activity, therefore, begins with the commercial develop-
ment of mineral deposits and ends with the production
anil utilization of the final marketable product.
In order to serve more efficiently the various sections
of the country, the Bureau has established, in addition to
its main offices at Washington. D. C. eleven field experi-
ment stations, three field-offices, and several mine-rescue
cars and mine-rescue stations. These field-branches are
so distributed as to cover most of the mining districts of
this country, including Alaska.
The Bureau is prohibited by law from doing work ex-
clusively for the benefit of any private company or indi-
vidual. Generally speaking, the Bureau does no assay-
ing, ore-testing, or similar service work for the benefit of
private companies or individuals. In response to re-
quests for work of this sort a list of assay and ore-testing
laboratories is supplied. In referring inquiries to com-
mercial laboratories or consulting engineers, care is taken
to mention several names so as to avoid designating any
one establishment or engineer.
Samples are frequently brought- in to the Bureau sta-
tions or received by mail with a request for identification
or analysis. If identification requires only a few min-
utes, the information is furnished by the station; sam-
ples for analysis are sometimes referred to the State min-
ing bureau, State university, or similar agency if they
are equipped to do such work. An occasional chemical
test or determination is made as a matter of courtesy;
sometimes the facilities of Bureau laboratories are placed
at the disposal of an individual desiring to make some
test. These are the exceptions and not the rule, as this
interferes with regular work and should be avoided
wherever possible. In the matter of f urnishing informa-
tion and professional advice, the stations and field-offices
have, in addition to Bureau publications, technical libra-
ries and catalogue-files which are available to the public.
The main files of technical information regarding the
mining industry are kept in the Washington office. In
replying to requests for assistance or advice in regard to
developing a property or carrying out some metallurgical
experiment or operation, an effort is made to analyze the
problem and indicate the scope and character of the work
which is involved and the type of professional assistance
which is needed. In other words, the endeavor is to sug-
gest the means of obtaining the information or assistance
desired. This practice applies particularly to eases
where an opinion is desired in regard to a mineral deposit
or metallurgical process and where the person making the
inquiry has an incorrect impression as to the amount of
work involved in a mine-examination or in determining
the value of a process for ore-treatment.
Under Bureau regulation, no regular salaried em-
ployee is permitted to do private consulting work, except
in some eases of arbitration ; he is expected to devote his
entire time to the work of the Bureau, and in discussing
the work of the Bureau staff, therefore, I am considering
only the work of the organization.
Apart from certain administrative duties specifically
assigned to the Bureau by Congress, the function of the
Bureau is regarded as essentially investigative and edu-
cational. Prom this standpoint many of the projects
undertaken are in the nature of pioneering; it is ex-
pected that some of these which develop favorably will
be taken up by private interests and carried forward by
them to their ultimate completion or application. In fact
the smallness of the appropriation for Bureau work as
compared with the field which demands attention, makes
it necessary to pursue a general policy of continuing any
given activity only so long and to such an extent as is
necessary to secure the active interest and co-operation
of the commercial organizations or individuals most con-
cerned. In other words, we aim to avoid duplication and,
whenever possible, competing in any work that is being
effectively handled by any private or governmental or-
ganization. This does not mean, however, that the
Bureau will not take an active part in matters which are
receiving attention from private interests, as in all cases
our fundamental purpose is to promote the rapid devel-
opment of those things which will be of value to the min-
eral industry.
In the choice of subjects for investigation, the extent
to which public interest is involved is a fundamental con-
sideration. The way in which activities may be segre-
gated on this basis can be illustrated by the following
diagram :
Governmental activities for benefit
of the public
Activities of companies and individ-
uals for private benefit
A. Clear Field
1. Matters of public
interest only, no pri-
vate interest being
involved.
2. Matters in which the
public interest is
paramount to pri-
vate interest.
B. 'Twilight Zone'
1. Matters in which
private interest is
equal or subordi-
nate to public in-
terest.
2. Matters in which
private ag-encies are
not qualified or lack
the necessary equip-
ment and which
have enough public
interest to justify
governmental
ance.
C. Clear Field
1. Matters in which the
public has no inter-
Matters in which the
public does not need
to be considered.
An illustration of matter falling in the first sub-divi-
sion of class A is the testing and inspection of fuel pur-
chases by the Government. The testing of fuel pur-
22
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
chased by many branches of the Government is carried
on by the Bureau, as the volume of this work makes it
possible to carry it on in this way much more cheaply
than through the employment of private agencies. For
example during nine months of the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1920, over 2900 samples involving roughly 38,-
000 determinations were tested.
As an illustration of work of the Bureau falling in the
second group in class A may be mentioned improve-
ments in health and safety conditions in quarries, mines,
and metallurgical plants. This subject is a broad one in-
cluding the work of the mine-rescue cars and stations in
training miners in first aid and mine-rescue methods, the
testing of explosives and equipment for use underground,
the study of vocational diseases among miners, smelter
men, etc., the study of mine sanitation, ventilation, and
of a considerable number of problems related to safety
devices and methods of safe operation underground. In
the majority of these problems mining companies have a
specific interest. In the nature of the case, however, the
solution of these problems involves a study of conditions
at many different points. Such a study can rarely be
undertaken by any private or consulting engineer.
A number of activities of the Bureau fall in class B.
Before citing any specific examples under this heading
it may be well to mention briefly certain fundamental re-
quirements which govern the choice of problems for in-
vestigation by the Bureau. In the first place the problem
must be a real one, involving in its solution something
more than mere routine work or the application of well
known principles in a field where they have already been
applied. In other words it is our aim to take up ques-
tions which involve real laboratory or field research and
which are beyond the range of the ordinary consulting
engineer or commercial laboratory. As a further general
requirement a suitable problem should be one common to
a branch of the mineral industry or to some mining dis-
trict. A problem peculiar to a single mine or metallur-
gical plant, unless presenting some unique feature which
might prove of general importance is not ordinarily con-
sidered within our field.
Recently the Bureau has carried on quite a little work
in co-operation with private companies or individuals.
There are two main reasons why this plan of co-operative
investigation has been adopted: (1) The financial and
other assistance furnished by the co-operative agency
make it possible for the Bureau to do more work than
would be possible under government appropriations
alone. (2) Co-operation on the part of private company
or individual in an investigation implies an active inter-
est in the results of the work, and if the investigation
turns out successfully, the results can at once be applied
in a practical way, thereby leading to more rapid devel-
opment and to an earlier realization of benefit than
would be likely to occur if the investigation had been
conducted independently by the Bureau.
There are two ways in which this co-operation is car-
ried out. By one method the Bureau assumes full re-
sponsibility for the work, although the major part of the
expense is usually borne by the co-operating agency.
Work of this sort is undertaken under a formal agree-
ment in which it is provided that all information and
data secured shall be available to the Bureau for publica-
tion and that any patents arising from the work shall be
taken out in this country for the benefit, of the general
public.
Under the second form of co-operation the Bureau
assumes no responsibility for the work, but merely places
certain of its facilities at the disposal of a private indi-
vidual or company with the understanding that the re-
sults of all work performed with facilities of the Bureau
shall be available to the Bureau.
Generally speaking only subjects which fulfill the gen-
eral requirements mentioned above will be taken up in a
co-operative investigation. The same fundamental pur-
pose applies to co-operative work as to strictly Bureau
investigations, namely, the procuring of information
which will be of value to the mineral industry.
It is in connection with these co-operative investiga-
tions that Bureau work approaches most closely the field
of the private company or engineer. In some cases the
initiative has come from the Bureau, but more frequent-
ly co-operative work has been taken up at the request of
an operating company or engineer.
An illustration of a co-operative investigation, the
study of the calcination of magnesite to be used in the
manufacture of stucco, flooring, etc., may be mentioned.
This work is being carried on at the Berkeley station
jointly with the Northwest Magnesite Co., which is bear-
ing practically the entire expense of the investigation.
A number of other companies engaged in the same in-
dustry are also co-operating to the extent of furnishing
materials and information, and it is agreed that informa-
tion in regard to the progress of the work is available to
any of these companies at any time.
The advantage from the standpoint of the company
lies in securing the use of the laboratory facilities of the
Berkeley station and a certain amount of scientific and
technical assistance from the staff. From the standpoint
of the public, the outcome of this work will be the same
as though it were being carried on exclusively with gov-
ernment funds. The assistance of the Northwest Mag-
nesite Co. makes it possible, however, to get on with the
work more rapidly than would otherwise be possible.
Manganese ore accounted for 87% of the total quan-
tity of ores exported from India during the fiscal year
1918-'19. The quantity shipped decreased by 11%. to
385,400 tons: 77% of the total exports went to the United
Kingdom, and the remainder to France, Japan, the
United States, Belgium, and Italy. Nearly 10.900 tons
of ferro-manganese was exported from Bengal in the
year under review. Wolfram ore was shipped entirely
to the United Kingdom. The total quantity exported was
4870 tons, of which 4799 tons was from Burma and 71
tons from Bengal. The shipments of chrome-iron ore
were 39.400 tons, as against a total of approximately
15.000 tons in 1917- '18.
a
In
:;,
i
ii
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
23
IMING
IE .' ''
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FIELD
iiihiiiiiiii i iiiiiiinii iiiiiiiinii i iiiitiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiu utir linn iii iiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiii iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiitiimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiliit iii miiitiiiiiiinit i nun
CALIFORNIA
PULLERS EARTH TO BE MINED BY ASSOCIATED OIL CO.
Shoshone. — The Associated Oil Co. is preparing to
ship several hundred tons of fullers earth monthly from
one deposit bought from R. J. Fairbanks, and from an-
other leased from the Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad
Co., the latter to be paid on a basis of $1 per ton royalty.
[A. B. Peekham, the engineer in charge, is now in San
Francisco conferring with officials of the Associated on
. the method to be used in mining the material. The beds
vary greatly in thickness, but the average appears to be
six feet. Mr. Peekham says steam-shovels may be used
in removing the overburden and in mining the fullers
earth, which will be shipped to Martinez, California, for
use in refining lubricating oil. The Standard Oil Co.,
which secures fullers earth at Ash Meadows, has en-
gineers at Shoshone, but it is not known that this com-
pany has bought claims. Mr. Peekham says indications
are that the surrounding region contains many useful
minerals that have been neglected because prospectors
lack knowledge of them. He says the entrance of the
Associated into the district caused a rush for claims
containing 'soap', as the fullers earth is called at Sho-
shone, and that everything white was brought to him
for examination. The Tecopa Consolidated is shipping
1200 tons of silver-lead ore monthly and is treating 100
tons monthly in an experimental concentrator. The mine
is worked through a tunnel cutting the vein at a depth
t»f 1000 ft. The Tecopa company was organized by John
T. Overbury, who is now developing the nearby Paddy
Pride, a promising prospect. In 1907, Overbury sold
control to Nelson Z. Graves of Philadalphia, who built a
17-mile railroad to the mine and started development on
a large scale. The manager is L. V. Marshall, who built
and now owns the Needles smelter. The Tecopa has been
the largest silver-lead producer in California for the
last three years. Two tunnels have been driven in the
Paddy Pride, the first cutting the vein at a depth of
180 ft. The vein in this tunnel is 10 to 12 ft. wide and
two carloads of silver-lead ore have been shipped that
gave net returns of $1270 an $1400. There is exposed a
l$-ft. width of ore assaying $138. The second tunnel cut
the vein at a depth of 500 ft. and it is being continued to
the hanging wall of the vein, on which the ore was found
in the upper tunnel. The Silver Rule and Blackwater
have been sold by John Chambers to J. J. Jarmuth of
New York for $200,000, and the new owner plans to drive
a 1000-ft. tunnel. Tonopah men have organized the
Death Valley Talc Refining & Manufacturing Co. to de-
velop a huge deposit of talc three miles from the Paddy
Pride. Tests have shown the material to be of market-
able grade and the success of the company depends on
what it will cost to haul the product to the railroad.
Men who know the situation of the claims disagree as to
whether this can be done.
COLORADO
PORTLAND COMPANY IS SINKING MAIN SHAFT.
Cripple Creek. — Deep development has been under-
taken by the Portland Gold Mining Co., and sinking is
now in progress with two shifts at the main shaft on
Battle mountain. The shaft, now 2300 ft. deep, is to be
sunk an additional 500 ft. and with powerful electric
pumps in operation at the Roosevelt Tunnel level, no
trouble is anticipated from water. Ore worth about
$1,000,000 has been mined from shoots developed between
the 20th and 21st levels and the richest ore in the history
of the mine is now coming from the 23rd level. It is esti-
mated that production from between the 21st and present
bottom level will reach $2,500,000 in value. In addition
to this rich ore, the ore in old stopes near the Portland
No. 1 shaft on the south end of the property, is being
hauled through the 7th level of the Independence, and
600 tons daily are delivered at the Independence mill.
This ore will mill about $3 per ton.
The Ocean "Wave Mining Co., that is leasing the Ocean
Wave, adjacent to the Portland on the south-west, has
resumed production and a car of ore, estimated at 2 oz.
per ton, was shipped to the Golden Cycle mill at Colorado
Springs recently. The Isabella Mines Co., having failed
to secure satisfactory bids for sinking the Empire State
shaft, is doing the work on company-account. Lessees on
the property continue production.
Leadvtlle. — An orebody opened in the Gertrude in
Colorado gulch last fall is again being developed and ore
assaying as high as 252 oz. silver, 41% lead, and 2£ oz.
gold is coming to surface. Lessees on the property also
hold leases on adjacent claims and are extending their
work to hold their leases. South of the Gertrude, work
has been resumed on the Golden Curry by lessees. The
Tiger has been leased and lease-options are reported on
the Venture; the Bartlett, Virginius, and Dinero tun-
nels are under operation by lessees. The Ready Cash
tunnel is to be extended by the National Development
Co., a Chicago corporation, and the bore is planned to cut
the Cora May, Big Chicago, and the Aurora No. 1 and 2
24
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
at depth, and explore the veins and dikes traversing this
territory. The same company is also operating the St.
Kevin of the Parker group held under hond and lease.
Work is also in progress on the Collins and Clarke groups
in the Bed Mountain section and on the Ruby, an old, but
rich, producer. Other prospeects are active and in fact
more properties are being prospected than for many
seasons past.
Breckeneidge. — An electric hoist and compressor is
being installed at the Deep shaft on Shock hill by the
Deep Shaft Mining Co., recently organized. This shaft,
the deepest in the district except the Brooks-Snyder, has
reached 700 ft. The property, on account of litigation,
has been inactive for 15 years. The power-line of the
Colorado Power Co. has been extended to the property.
Lessees on the Barger are sinking a new shaft and the
owner H. K. Barger, who recently returned from Cali-
fornia, is also sinking a shaft west of previous develop-
ment. Bulkeley Wells, who recently became interested
in the Iron Mask, is sinking a deep shaft near the portal
of the Iron Mask tunnel and further develpoment is
planned.
Telluride. — All machinery for the mill of the Valley
View Leasing Co. has been delivered at the San Bernardo
mine, the tramway is ready, and, with large tonnage of
ore blocked out in the mine, steady production will be
made as soon as the mill is completed. A recent assay-
test has shown higher gold content in the ore now mined.
The plant will start on or about July 10. The Bay State,
active 20 years ago, is under examination and it is
thought the low-grade silver-lead ore may now be mined
at a profit. The Tomboy and Smuggler mills ore oper-
ating steadily and shipments of concentrate are going
forward.
Silverton. — The Gold King mill is operating steadily
and turning out two cars of concentrate daily. W. Z.
Kinney, manager, has returned from Denver, where the
contract for purchase of the Gladstone-Silverton railroad
was signed. The mine-output shortly will be increased
when transportation facilities are furnished. The West
vein, reported 75 ft. wide, is to be explored by a drift at
the 700-ft. level, a contract having been awarded local
miners by the Pride of the West Mining Co. for 800 ft.
of work. The property, a rich producer of the early days,
is expected to 'comeback'.
MICHIGAN
STATISTICS FOR MAY.
Hpughtox. — Arcadian Consolidated has entered good-
looking lode material on the 500-ft. level of the New
Baltic shaft. The formation is identical in general
physical characteristics with the lode uncovered on the
400-ft. level of the same shaft at the time operations
were suspended during the War. When work was re-
sumed this spring the shaft was sunk to the 500-ft. level.
Drifting has started both north and south, but at this
writing has not progressed any great distance. The shaft
itself is in the hanging wall, so that there is a distance of
20 ft. to reach the strike from the shaft. The formation
is small mass copper. The width of the lode is not yet
determined, but there is developed a length of at least
100 ft. The skip-rails have been laid, the timbering com-
pleted, and further openings will be made at once. In
connection with the present exploration at the New
Baltic shaft, it is significant that this shaft is 1000 ft.
from the old Arcadian workings, and that the territory
between has good possibilities as demonstrated by dia-
mond-drills.
Victoria will become involved in litigation with
Gogebic county, if present threats of officials are followed
by action. The Victoria mine is situated in Ontonagon
county, but the source of supply and outlet of water
for its hydraulic compressor is Lake Gogebic. Gogebic
county and several residents own land on the shores of
Lake Gogebic. When the mining company first began
to use the lake-water the level of the lake rose six inches.
Recently it has risen six inches in two weeks. The
property owners claim that it will rise 60 in. more.
They assert that this rise in the water is damaging their
property. In recent years the Victoria compan.y has
acquired considerable property on the lake shore, but
not all of it. The supervisors of Gogebic county are
holding a special session this week to determine upon
legal action against the company.
The tabulated statement of the output for May 1920
is presented below. Seneca assumes its position among
the permanent producers, and all of the larger producers
show a decline in refined copper, due to the continued
departure of laborers.
'Rock'
tons
Ahmeek 72.000
Allouez 21.000
Baltic 15.000
Calumet & Hecla 196.831
Centennial 4,950
Champion 22.000
Isle Royale 44.800
Miehig-an 5.773
Mohawk 29.302
Osceola Con 44.050
Quincy 62,000
Seneca 5.611
Trimountain 8,900
Victoria 5.000
Wolverine 18,879
White Pine 8.791
Copper content
May April
Production
of refined copper
lb.
22.95
17.48
36
25
13.1
45
19
24
29
16.7
21
30
32
17
16.18
21
lb.
26.36
18
35
25
13.4
41
18
23.45
29.25
16.1
20
30
32
17
17.26
20
May
lb.
1.652.900
367,100
540,000
4,920.786
65.100
990.000
851.200
138,552
849.758
739.500
1.302.000
168.330
284,800
85,000
305,603
184,625
April
lb.
1.700.500
373.700
619,000
5.320,063
90,700
1,041,400
1.083.700 1
116.350
1.071,553
716.200
1. 480.000
107,070
374.400
84,000
346,428
179,713
MONTANA
NEW WAGE SCALE FOR NEIHART.
Butte. — The Tuolumne Mining Co. reports rich silver
ore on the 500-ft. level near its Main Range shaft. The
discovery is on the Spread Delight vein, it is five feet
wide and gives an average assay of 30 to 40 oz. per ton.
Specimens taken from this ore run as high as 1100 oz.
per ton. The Davis-Daly plans further sinking of its
Hibernia shaft. The adjoining Nettie mine is said to
have uncovered high-grade silver ore below the present
workings of the Hibernia, where the lowest are at 400
feet.
Helena. — The Lump Gulch mines continue active pro-
duction and development work. The Little Nell is a con-
sistent shipper of high-grade silver ore, the Free Coinage
is making good progress in its sinking operations, while
July 3. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
25
tunneling ami drilling continue at the Muskegon and
Mariner mini's. Development work is in progress at the
Bunset and Baby Helena mines. Operations have been
resumed at tlie King Solomon group.
Nkiiiakt.— The Cascade Silver Mines & Mills, the
Neihart Consolidated Silver Mines Co., Flohart Silver
Mines ( (i.. and the London company have posted the fol-
lowing notice: "The mine owners and operators of the
Neihart mining district will pay the following daily scale
of wages: miners $5. teamsters $5, topmen $5, black-
smiths $6, blacksmith's helpers $5.50, carpenters $5.50,
engineers I li rst mot ion ) $6, engineers (gear) $5.50, pipe-
men $5, station tenders $5.50. Eight hours constitute a
day's work. The I. W. W., O. B. U., and the Neihart
Metal Mine Workers Union will not be recognized." The
Neihart silver Mines Co. has entered into a partial agree-
ment with the union covering several points. A daily
i ,i;i it I' mis. — Control of the Whippoorwill Mining
Co. lias been secured by F. Wright from Charles Wilkes
of New York. The Silver Dyke properties a) Carpenter
creek are being opened. These properties wwr recently
purchased from Ilcidenseck & Erickson, and are now
under option to a syndicate of New York and Boston
capitalists.
NEVADA
UNITED COMSTOCK. RUBY HILL DEVELOPMENT CO.
Cactus. — Drifts are being driven on the 265-ft. level
of the Cactus Nevada and ore assaying 12 to 15 oz. is
being opened. The vein is cut by numerous faults that
make it difficult to follow, but it is much less broken
than on the upper level. The cross-eut on this level,
which was being driven beyond the main vein to the
'south' vein, has been discontinued 100 ft. from the
THE DOROTHY SILVER MINE AT WHITEHALL, MONTANA
wage scale of $5.50 is being paid as before the strike.
The present silver market has served to make the position
of the companies a little stronger, while the strikers have
been weakened considerably. Many of the single men
have left the district since the strike was called.
Cut Bank. — The Black Chief mine has been taken over
by local men. Operations on a large scale are planned as
soon as a company is organized. Copper is the chief
metal, with uranium an important secondary considera-
tion.
Corbin. — L. S. Roper has leased the property of the
Alta-Montana Mining Co. from Costin and Merritt.
Cross-cuts will be continued on the 13th level. These
cross-cuts are entering the hanging wall of the old Alta
vein.
Cooke City. — The Republic Mining Co. is shipping
machinery for use at its Mohawk property. The equip-
ment includes compressors, engine, and drills. Shipment
of ore will be started at once. 2000 ore-sacks to sack the
ore mined during the winter have also arrived.
shaft because of the extreme hardness of the rock. Ore
assaying 75 to 100 oz. is being broken on the 100-ft. level.
This is being shipped.
Arrowhead. — The west drift on the 100-ft. level of
the Arrowdiead has been advanced 100 ft. from the shaft
and for 50 ft. it has been in ore If to 3 ft. wide and
assaying $125 to $320. The existence of this ore has been
proved 25 ft. below the 100-ft. level in a drift driven
from a raise from the bottom level and the grade of ore
at this point is similar to that on the 100-ft. level. The
shaft is over 250 ft. deep and cross-cutting to the vein
will soon be started.
Divide. — The Victory has started shipping to the Mc-
Namara mill at Tonopah at a rate of 400 tons per month,
but a statement of the value of the ore cannot be se-
cured. The ore, coming from a depth of 350 ft., is
reached through a winze from the 200-ft. level, and it is
now planned to resume sinking the shaft.
Virginia City. — The United Comstock has completed
repairs to the Belcher surface plant and repairing of the
26
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
shaft has been started. Two shifts of miners are em-
ployed in sinking the Imperial shaft from the 400 to the
700-ft. level, and in the other mines of the company
work preliminary to starting the haulage-tunnel is under
way. The cyanide mill, to be built at a cost of $1,000,000,
will have a crushing and grinding capacity of 2500 tons
daily, but the other equipment will at first have a car
pacity of only 1000 tons, which can be increased to handle
the output of the entire crushing and grinding-plants as
the tonnage is gradually raised to the maximum. The
mill will have a gyratory, or Symons disc crushers, ball
and tube-mills, Dorr agitators, slime-tables, and precipi-
tation by zinc-dust. It is estimated that the treatment
cost will be $1 to $1.25 per ton. The mining cost is esti-
mated at $1.50 per ton.
Eureka. — Eight hundred tons of ore giving a net re-
turn of more than $50 per ton has been shipped from a
recently found orebody north of the main Dunderberg
workings on the 400-ft. level of the Eureka Croesus. A
winze has been started to prospect this shoot and several
others in the immediate vicinity, and it is planned to
reach a depth of 300 ft. below the level. This ore is in
territory heretofore unexplored, as the early-day work at
this depth in the Dunderberg was done in the south
vein. The ore is 8 ft. wide in places and most of the
value is in gold. Ore containing 30% copper carbonate
has been found at a depth of 700 ft. in the Atlas claim.
This ore also assays high in gold and silver. The Pros-
pect Mountain tunnel of the Eureka King is 3200 ft.
long and the Eureka tunnel is 2100 ft. long. These tun-
nels are being driven from opposite sides of Prospect
mountain. The Eureka tunnel reaches a maximum depth
of 800 ft. and the greatest depth reached by the Prospect
Mountain is 1300 ft. The latter is now nearing an impor-
tant vein in the limestone. Cutting of a pump-station
and sump has been started on the 900-ft. level of the
Locan shaft of the Ruby Hill Development Co. and un-
watering of the shaft to the bottom, at 1200 ft., is to be
started in a few days. Shipments are being made from
the 900-ft. level. The two 75-hp. semi-diesel engines of
the Eureka Holly, one for the hoist and the other for the
compressor, are now working, and other important im-
provements have been completed. It is planned to de-
velop the two main orebodies on a large scale, make con-
nection with the Bullwhacker, where there is a good ton-
nage of shipping ore broken, and sink the Holly shaft
from the present depth of 400 to 700 ft. It is reported
that an experimental ore-treatment plant is to be built
soon.
UTAH
PARK, CITY AND EUREKA ORE-SHIPMENTS ARE CURTAILED.
Ophir. — Conditions at the property of the Ophir Sil-
ver Mines Co., which recently resumed development
work, are most promising, according to Sol Snider, su-
perintendent. An average sampling of a rich streak in
the upper claims assayed 173 oz. silver, 5.3%, lead, and
7.69% copper. All of the seven main fissures of the
district, from which millions of dollars worth of ore has
been produced, should cross the property. The company
has expended $30,000 in development work, and Snider
states that shipping ore of high grade can be developed
within ninety days. On the strike of the Buckhorn
fissure, which crosses the company 's upper claims, and is
some 40 ft. wide, with a length of more than 1800 ft.,
samples have been taken that run from 100 to 1000 oz.
silver per ton, besides containing both lead and copper.
In the lower working-tunnel, which is now in some 700 ft.,
a cross-cut has been discovered 75 ft. from the portal
and 85 ft. long, which had been run by previous owners
in the early days. This cut follows a vein which at its
face widened to more than a foot and was strongly min-
eralized. The company has a force at work in the lower
tunnel, another in the upper workings, and a road-
building crew.
Park City. — An embargo by the Murray smelter of
the A. S. & R. Co. held back shipments from local mines
during the week ended June 19 and the preceding week.
The embargo is a temporary one, due to labor conditions,
which it is believed have now been relieved. The Silver
King Coalition was unable to move ore during the week.
Shipments totaled 1309 tons, of which the Judge M. & S.
shipped 652 tons, the Ontario 501, and the Daly-West
73. The Judge smelter shipped 83 tons of premium
spelter during the week.
L. R. Perry, president of the Iowa Copper Co., spent
several days here recently. He stated that for more than
15 ft. the face of the cross-cut on the 200-ft. level has
been in pyrite, and the expectation is that it will lead to
a body of ore. Mr. Perry leased the Mount Masonic prop-
erty, north of this camp, to Harry Barnicott, who, it is
reported, will commence operations in the near future.
Eureka. — Between the embargo still in effect by the
American Smelting & Refining Co., and the slump in
price of silver, local mines are producing only the mini-
mum amount of ore necessary to keep their organizations
intact, with the result that shipments from the district
for the week ended June 19 totaled 122 cars, as compared
with 143 cars for the preceding week. The Chief Con-
solidated shipped 36 cars ; Tintic Standard, 25 ; Dragon,
19 ; Iron King, 8 ; Mammoth, 6 ; Iron Blossom, 6 ; Eagle
& Blue Bell, 5 ; Victoria, 4 ; Grand Central, 4 ; Cornu-
copia, 3 ; Gemini, 3 ; Centennial-Eureka, 2 ; and Colo-
rado, 1. The Tintic Consolidated Mining Co. in the
North Tintic district is making preparations to com-
mence work, according to George Nicholes, manager, who
has been at the property making the necessary prepara-
tions. On account of the scarcity of labor at the present
time, it may be late in the summer before development
of the ground will be undertaken. A water-line is now
being laid to the property. This property adjoins the
Lehi-Tintic mine on the north.
The development of the Empire Mines ground through
what is known as the 'Lower Mammoth' shaft has been
stopped temporarily, according to officials of the Knight
interests. This company owns an exceptionally large
tract of mineral land in the central part of the district,
and during the last few years there has been a consider-
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
27
able amount of development, most of it through the
lower Mammoth shaft. Jesse Knight has always had
confidence in the Empire Alines, and it is with reluctance
that he finally derided that it would he necessary for the
present to suspend operations.
Operations by the Dragon Consolidated Mining Co.
were suspended on June 20. This action was decided
upon by the directors at a meeting held shortly before
that date at Provo. There is a market for the iron ore,
but there is only a small amount of profit under existing
conditions and it is deemed best to hold the ore until such
time as it can be made to yield a better revenue. While
definite figures are not available, it is generally under-
stood that the iron ore from the Dragon property has
been bringing the company about $3.50 per ton, from
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROAD TO BE BVILT BEYOND PREMIER MINE.
Stewart. — Claims have been located on Fish creek,
six miles above Hyder, over which Henry Benson, a resi-
dent of Victoria, B. C, and his sons are enthusiastic.
They have a good vein and samples taken at the outcrop
give returns of $120 per ton in gold, silver, and lead.
No trace of zinc is shown. The Bensons have organized
a syndicate in Victoria and Vancouver and propose doing
development during the summer.
The official announcement that the government of
British Columbia plans the building of a road from the
Premier mine, to which point there already is a fair road
from tidewater, to Joker Flats has been received by
CHIEF CONSOLIDATED MINE AT EUREKA, UTAH
which has to be deducted the cost of mining and freight
to Silver City, but not to the smelter. All of the product
has been going to the United States smelter at Midvale
and to the plants of the American Smelting & Refining
Company.
Alta. — At the Emma property, two teams are hauling
ore from the mine-bins to the railroad siding at the
Columbus Rexall property. Approximately 1000 tons
of ore was accumulated. A new electric air-compressor
is being installed at the property, which will be ample
for the present needs of the mine. Work on the lower
levels has been stopped for the present because of the
heavy flow of water, which is about three times the nor-
mal quantity. Ore averaging from $85 to $90 per ton
has been followed continuously for a distance of 127 ft.
on the 500-ft. level of the Woodlawn mine, according to
W. N. Lawrence, general manager. A shoot of ore 18 ft.
long and 2§ ft. wide, one of the objectives of the drift,
has been cut.
mining men with satisfaction. Among the enterprises
affected are the Big Missouri, on which work has been
in progress for more than a year, and_ on which it is
intended to do some 12,000 ft. of diamond-drilling;
Mineral Hill, on which work has been done for two years ;
the Hercules, which is to be developed this summer ; the
Silver Tip and Silver Crest, being opened up by Van-
couver interests ; and the holdings of the Algunican De-
velopment Co. The latter company controls through a
subsidiary concern, known as the Northern Light Con-
solidated, a group of claims situated adjacent to the
Premier and diamond-drilling thereon is planned for this
summer. The same company has the Spider group under
option. This property, is situated on the west side of
Long lake and is equipped with an air-compressor and
other machinery.
Sheep Creek. — A new concentrating mill, having a
capacity of 50 tons per day, has been completed at the
Emerald mine by the Iron Mountain, Ltd. i This mine has
28
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
been one of the steady producers of this section of the
Province. During 1917 the mine-run averaged: lead,
2T , ; zinc. 5 to 6% ; and silver, li oz. As originally de-
signed the mill was to have a capacity of 30 tons but the
addition of an extra set of rolls for the crushing aud some
alterations in the process, principally in the direction of
decreasing the proportion of product sent through the
ball-mill, makes it possible to run through 50 tons, while
the crushing capacity is 100 tons. The Nugget Mines.
Ltd., has its property on a steady producing basis; the
Mother Lode mill, remodeled and extended, is in opera-
tion. It is giving entire satisfaction. The ore is being
taken care of as quickly as it can be brought to the
surface.
Nelson. — The annual meeting of the California Min-
ing Co. was held recently at Nelson when it was reported
that good progress was being made in the development
work under way on the California mine as well as on the
installation of new machinery in the Athabasca, mill,
which is being put in shape for the treatment of the ore.
Officers were elected as follows: John R. Cassin. Spokane.
president ; J. B. Sehieger, of La Crosse, Wisconsin, vice-
president: W. R. Orndorff, Spokane, secretary-treasurer;
John Fraser. Nelson, auditor; W. H. Turner, Nelson,
mine superintendent.
Vancouver. — The town of Phoenix will soon be no
more. It is gradually being dismantled. The Granby
Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. has a crew of 30 or
40 men dismantling its plant and shipping it to Grand
Forks and elsewhere ; 20 or 30 cars having been forward-
ed already. This work will not be finished before August
when the Canadian Pacific will remove its steel. The
depot now is being taken away. The Great Northern has
been busy for the past month removing equipment. Sev-
eral buildings in the town also are being taken elsewhere.
ONTARIO
IIOLLINGER COMPANY ISSUES INTERIM REPORT.
Toronto. — The stamp-tax on the transfer of shares
of stock, originally fixed at two cents per share irrespec-
tive of the par value, has been modified and fixed at two
cents on each $100 face-value of the stock transferred.
It is stated that the change was made because there are
so many low-priced mining stocks, on which the tax as
at first proposed would have represented a large per-
centage of their value.
Porcupine. — An interim report of an encouraging
character has been issued by the Hollister Consolidated
covering the period from January 1 to June 2, during
which the total income was $2,879,706, compared with
$2,822,858 for the corresponding period of last year.
The expenditure was $1,448,020, compared with $1,507.-
060, and the net profit $1,431,685. as against $1,315,798.
The average tonnage treated per day showed an increase,
being 4056 tons, as compared with 3907. At the annual
meeting of the Dome Mines company, held on June 18,
it was announced that dividend-payments would be con-
tinued at the present rate and that instead of increasing
dividend disbursements, surplus earnings would be de-
voted to the repayment of capital, as the $1,000,000 pos-
sessed by the company in cash and bonds gives it all the
working capital necessary. Reports as to the closing
down of the mine were referred to by C. D. Keading.
general manager, who stated that unless the miners quit
work or demanded higher wages than they were now
receiving there was no intention of shutting down.
Kirkland Lake. — From present indications five mines
in the Kirkland Lake district will be producing gold be-
fore the end of the year. At present the Lake Shore,
Kirkland Lake, and Teck-Hughes are treating an aggre-
gate of nearly 300 tons daily, and producing at the rate
of about $115,000 per month. With the Tough-Oakes
mill again in operation, and the completion of the
Wright-Hargreaves mill, the daily tonnage treated
should approximate 600 tons with a monthly output of at
least $200,000. The King Kirkland Gold Mines, with an
authorized capital of $2,500,000, has been organized for
the development of a group of seven claims having an
area of 309 acres in the central part of Lebel township.
Operations have been begun on a vein which has been
uncovered for 150 ft. and contains visible gold.
Skead Township. — This district is attracting in-
creased attention and development is being carried on
by a number of companies. The Wisconsin-Skead has
installed a mining plant and has done considerable un-
derground work at the 112-ft. level, where some good
veins have been tapped by cross-cutting. Diamond-
drilling has indicated a series of veins with good gold
content. The shaft will be put down to the 300-ft. level.
Surface work is being done on the Crawford-Skead,
lying west of the Wisconsin. The Fidelity, which owns
a group of 10 claims on St. Anthony lake, plans a dia-
mond-drilling program. Many claims were taken up in
this area as early as 1906, but the high cost of develop-
ment and the difficulty of getting in supplies discour-
aged operations. Now that conditions are more favor-
able, work may be resumed on many of these properties.
Cobalt. — With United States currency at a premium
of around 15% in Canada, the producers of silver in
Cobalt are able to market their metal in New York and
receive the advantage of payment in American funds.
The added revenue from this source alone is about
$150,000 monthly. Cobalt mining companies have been
approached on the subject of lending their support to
two or more oil-prospecting syndicates which propose to
carry on exploration work along the Abitibi river at a
point less than 150 miles north from Cochrane where
members of the Geological Survey announce the dis-
covery of shale in which crude oil is contained. Activity
in the South Lorrain silver-area is increasing. The As-
sociated Gold Mines of Western Australia is operating
the Keeley mine, and reports having opened a moderate
tonnage of medium-grade ore in the lower workings.
The company has acquired an option on the adjoining
Beaver Lake property and is stated to have found ore
extending across the boundary from the Keeley at a
depth of about 230 ft. The Haileybury Frontier mine
in South Lorrain is also being re-opened.
.lulv ::. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
29
THE MINING S£J
=L5l
SALE OF SILVER UNDER THE I'll "I'M AN ACT
For the benefit o£ the producers of silver ore who sell
their product to smelters, samplers, custom concentrators
or cyanide plants, or to refiners, the Director o£ the Mint
has revised, with the approval o£ the Comptroller o£ the
Treasury, the affidavits required in connection with the sale
of silver at the rate of $1 per ounce as provided in the Pitt-
man Act. A careful examination of these affidavits will
make the conditions of such sales clear. The original pro-
ducer should furnish the 'Miner's Supporting Affidavit' with
each shipment of silver-bearing ore in order that he may
get the immediate benefit of the fixed price. In order that
the vendor, who is usually a refiner, may realize on silver
for which he paid $1 or more per ounce, but which he has
had in process for some months, provision is made for ore
received at reduction-works since January 17, 1920. The
form of the affidavits follows:
AFFIDAVIT BY VENDOR IN CONNECTION WITH PUR-
CHASE OF SILVER UNDER PITTMAN ACT
State of "j
County of j ss '
In order to make a sale of silver to the Director of the
Mint in accordance with the provisions of the Pittman Act
approved April 23, 191S, the undersigned hereby represents
and certifies under oath that he is the of
(Title of office)
owner of certain silver to the amount
(Name of vendor)
of fine ounces more or less, forwarded to the
United States Mint at on the day of
1920, and delivered for sale to the Director of
the Mint under the provisions of said Act for account of
said vendor; that said silver is the product of mines situated
in the United States and of reduction-works so located, being
either (1) wholly without admixture of the product of for-
eign mines or reduction-works, or (2) part of a mixture of
foreign silver and domestic silver delivered to domestic re-
duction-works since January 17, 1920, and within the pro-
portionate part of such mixed product which represents the
product of mines located within the United States and of
reduction-works so located, delivered by such mines to such
reduction-works since January 17, 1920, after taking into
account sales heretofore made to the Director of the Mint
under said Act; and that the vendor will forthwith file with
the Superintendent of said Mint such statements and exhibits
from its books of account and also such supporting affidavits
and sworn statements of exhibits by itself and by the miner,
smelter, and refiner, as may be demanded by the Director of
the Mint under said Act.
(Signature of vendor or duly authorized officer)
Subscribed to and sworn to before me this day
192. ..
Notary Public.
MINER'S SUPPORTING AFFIDAVIT
State of . .
County of
The undersigned, being duly sworn, deposes and says:
That he is the of
(Title of officer) (Name of mine owner)
owner of the mine, situated in the County of
(Name of mine)
State of ; that the said
(Name of mine owner)
has sold and delivered to on the day of
1920, at its smelting plant known as the
smelter, situated in the County of State of
fine ounces of silver, which was pro-
duced at the said mine located as aforesaid and contained
in certain parcels of ore as described in settlement or
liquidation sheet No of said and
that said silver was paid for at the rate of not less than $1
per ounce, adjusted to the equivalent price of silver 999 fine
and to the cost of delivery refinery to mint.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of
1920.
Notary Public.
COLORADO
Denver. — The dates for the first-aid and mine-rescue con-
tests which, in a way, will be international in their scope, in
that miners of Canada and Mexico, as well as those of the
United States, will be invited to participate, has been
changed to September 9, 10, and 11. Contests were held at
Pittsburgh last year and teams from Colorado, Montana, and
Washington were represented. The meet is held under the
auspices of the Bureau of Mines.
Mayday. — Lon Wigmore and associates have secured a
lease on the Lucky Moon and have started a tunnel to cut a
vein along a fault where some good ore was mined a few
years ago. It is reported that lessees have taken over the
Mountain Lilly, situated above La Plata, and have begun
work there. This property, it is said, has produced a small
amount of ore, but has been idle for some time. Thomas
Welborn and Joe Clark are making an examination of the
Tomahawk, with a view to taking a lease. They are also
working the Idaho dump, and have shipped two cars of ore
which assayed $40 per ton. Wm. Graflin has a force of
men at work on the Copper Queen.
IDAHO
Twin Falls. — Arrangements are being made for the erec-
tion of a 100-ton mill at the Buhl-Jarbidge mine at Jarbidge.
This announcement is made by J. C. Deemer, general man-
ager of the property, who says the work will begin as soon
as roads to the mine are in condition to use, which should
be in about a fortnight. Power-drills, it is expected, will be
in operation not later than September 1. Mr. Deemer states
that the Windy vein, where it outcrops on top of the moun-
tain, is only eight inches wide, while 640 ft. below the sur-
30
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
face, in the tunnel, this vein is 17 ft. wide, assaying $12
per ton.
MINNESOTA
Duluth. — Further curtailment of mining work on the
iron-ranges, due to shortage of coal as well as hoats to take
ore from the docks, is reported in many sections. Range-
pits that increased the number of shovels at work re-
cently have been again forced to reduce operations to a
minimum. Shipping has been almost entirely discontinued
and other work is being regulated by transportation facili-
ties.
MISSOURI
Joplin. — A record week's output of zinc has been made by
the Chanute Spelter Co. from its mine one mile west of
Baxter Springs. In six working days of 24 hours each the
output was 458 tons of zinc and 14 tons of lead. The next
highest record in this district was made by the Skelton mine
near Douthat, which produced in one week 43 8 tons of zinc.
Production figures for the district are: blende, 18,462,880
lb., $408,358; calamine, 459,660 lb., $8050; lead, 2,009,730
lb., $145,300; total value, $561,708. Average value per
ton, blende, $44; calamine, $35; lead, $100. Twenty-four
weeks: blende, 534,571,640 lb., $13,550,487; calamine,
8,984,620 lb., $170,039; lead, 90,478,000 lb., $4,781,065;
total value, $18,501,613.
Beer, Sondheimer & Co., of New York, have brought suit
in the Supreme Court against National Zinc Co., to recover
$873,342, alleged to be balance due plaintiffs for advances
at different times to the Zinc company. It is alleged that
demand for payment of balance alleged due was made June
1 and was refused.
UTAH
American Pork. — Operations at the Globe mine in Amer-
ican Fork canyon are being pushed steadily, according to
John Cleghorn, manager. From four to six feet of progress
per day is being made in the drift along a north-south fissure
to its intersection with an important vein about 150 ft.
ahead. At present the formation is well mineralized, with
bunches of carbonate ore appearing at intervals. W. S.
Cool, of Salt Lake City, owner of the Sierra patented claims,
has been here recently, arranging to start work on his prop-
erty. These claims adjoin the Miller mine, a big producer
in early days.
Vernal. — The Jeannette Copper Mining Co. will resume
operation of its property in the Uinta basin about July 15,
according to Wm. O'Neil. The mine has been idle since
1916. The property consists of 34 unpatented claims, sit-
uated about 35 miles south of Rock Springs, Wyoming, the
nearest railroad point. Development consists of approxi-
mately 1000 ft. of tunnel and shaft-work. It is stated that
some rich copper ore has been developed, which the com-
pany will start mining and shipping.
Santaquin. — The Union Chief Mining Co. will ship three
cars of high-grade lead-silver ore from its mines, according
to Alfred Larson, superintendent. The company has recent-
ly completed work on a road from the mine to the railway, a
distance of three miles. Ore showings in the mine continue
to improve, and a fair amount is being taken out from de-
velopment work.
WASHINGTON
Northport. — An orebody on the line of the Gladstone and
Electric Point mines, opened in the Gladstone to a depth of
50 ft., has been cut by the Electric Point in a cross-cut at a
depth of 145 ft. At the new point it is on both sides of the
line. It contains lead in carbonate and sulphide form. The
Gladstone has opened six chimneys, four within recent
weeks. The sixth has been followed by a shaft to a depth of
43 ft. and is said to contain carbonates and some sulphides.
The last carload weighed more than 43 tons. The ore con-
tained 78.4% lead and the gross value was $4272, of which
$4 per ton was in silver.
personalI
The Editor invitee members of the profession to send particulars of their
work and appointments. The information is interesting- to our readers.
H. S. Denny is returning to London from Montreal.
S. E. Bretherton has gone to Seattle and Vancouver.
F. Le Roi Thurmond is at Santa Barbara, Chihuahua.
Fedor F. Foss, of New York, is at Rockville, Maryland.
Arthur Feust is with Hughes & Dies, at 42 New St., New
York.
J. H. Forman, of Tonopah, Nevada, has moved to San
Francisco.
J. B. Annear has moved from Panaca, Nevada, to Merced,
California.
Philip Wiseman, of Los Angeles, is in New York, on his
way to London.
William Compton has moved from Fairfield, Idaho, to Vir-
ginia City, Nevada.
Warren D. Smith is returning to the Philippines as Chief
of the Division of Mines.
Conway G. Williams has changed his address from Ajo„
Arizona, to Garfield, Utah.
Edwin E. Chase, of Denver, has gone to Wyoming to ex-
amine some copper mines.
Charles E. Prior Jr. is engineer with the Premier Gold
Mining Co. in British Columbia.
G. O. Murray is still at Asanboni, India, being unable to
go to London as he had intended.
M. 3. Weller, superintendent of the Greenhorn mine in
Shasta county, is in San Francisco.
R. C. Warriner, formerly general manager of the Crown
Mines, on the Rand, is visiting California.
Alan M. Rodgers, of Washington, D. C, is now with the
Moctezuma Copper Co., at Nacozari, Mexico.
Lewis A. Levensaler has opened offices as consulting
mining engineer at 902 Hoge building, Seattle.
O. F. Brinton, general manager for the Western Utah
Copper Co. at Gold Hill, Nevada, is in New York.
Clarence A. Wright, of the Salt Lake City station of the
U. S. Bureau of Mines, has gone to Trentino, Italy.
Alfred Hunt has been appointed superintendent for the
Angels Camp Deep Mining Co., at Angels, California.
Homer Guck, for the past 15 years editor of the 'Daily
Mining Gazette' at Houghton, Michigan, has resigned.
Alan M, Bateman, professor of economic geology, at Yale
University, has gone to British Columbia and Alaska on
professional business.
li. T. Buell has taken a position with the Phelps Dodge
Corporation at Douglas, Arizona, after having spent several
years in South America.
Horatio C. Ray has resigned his position with the School
of Mines, University of Pittsburgh, to become connected
with the Keystone Consolidated Publishing Co., at Pitts-
burgh.
Glen D. Cook, mining engineer of Salt Lake City, who
has been operating the Montezuma and Jersey mines in
Pershing county, Nevada, has organized the Pershing County
Mines Co.
H. Hardy Smith arrived in San Francisco on June 23 on
the 'Tenyo Maru' from Korea on his way to New York,
where he will remain three weeks. He will return to San
Francisco before sailing for Australia.
R. Allison Purvis, of London, arrived on June 23 in San
Francisco on the 'Tenyo Maru' from the East, having es-
caped from the Bolshevists in Siberia, where he was im-
prisoned by them from January until April at Krasnoyarsk,
Irkutsk. He will sail for London from New York on the
Mobile' on July 10.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
31
THE MET
is m f&
IMifcEti
IARKET
METAL PBICES
San Francisco, June 29
Aluminum-dual, cents per pound
Antimony, cents per pound
Copper, electrolytic, cents per pound
Lead, pig, cents per pound 8.25-
Platinum. pure, per ounce
Platinum. 10r* iridium, per ounce
Quicksilver, per flask of 75 lb
8pelter. cents per pound
Zinc-dust, cents per pound 12.50 —
EASTERN METAL MARKET
(By wire from New York)
June 28. — Copper is inactive but steady. Lead is dull but steady.
is quiet and firm.
SILVER
Below are given official or ticker quotations, in cents per ounce of silver
999 fine. From April 23. 1918, the United States government paid SI per
ounce for all silver purchased by it. fixing a maximum of SI .01% on
August 15, 1918, and will continue to pay $1 until the quantity specified
under the Act is purchased, probably extending over several years. On
May 5. 1919. all restrictions on the metal were removed, resulting in
fluctuations. During the restricted period, the British government fixed the
maximum price five times, the last being on March 25, 1919. on account of
the low rate of sterling exchange, but removed all restrictions on May 10.
The equivalent of dollar silver (1000 fine) in British currency is 46.65
pence per ounce (925 fine) calculated at the normal rate of exchange.
Date
June
New York
cents
22 93.00
23 92.50
24 90.00
25 90.00
26 90.00
27 Sunday
28 93.00
London
pence
52.50
51.62
51.25
51.25
50.50
Jan.
1918
..88.72
Feb 85.79
Men 88.11
Apr 95.35
May 99.50
June 99.50
1919
101.12
101.12
101.12
101.12
107.23
110.50
53.00
Monthly averages
1920
Average week ending
Cents
17 101.21
24 100.12
31 101.17
7 98.23
14 86.00
21 87.07
28 91.41
Pence
58.50
58.52
68.87
56.52
48.02
48.73
51.69
132.77
131.27
125.70
119.56
102.69
1918
July 99.62
Aug 100.31
Sept 101.12
Oct 101.12
Nov 101.12
Dec. .' 101.12
1919
106.36
111.35
113.92
119.10
127.57
131.92
Prices of electrolytic in New York, in cents per pound.
Date
June
May
June
22 : . - .19.00
23 19.00
24 19.00
25 19.00
26 19.00
27 Sunday
28 1900
Monthly averages
1919
20.43
17.34
15.05
15.23
16.91
17.53
Average week ending
17
24
31
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
1918
Jan 23.50
Feb 23.50
Men 23.50
Apr 23.60
May 23.60
June 23.50
1920
19.25
19.05
18.49
19.23
19.05
1918
July 26.00
Aug 26.00
Sept 26.00
Oct 26.00
Nov 26.00
Dee 26.00
1919
20.82
22.61
22.10
21.66
20.45
18.55
LEAD
Lead is quoted in cents per pound. New York delivery-
Date
June
23
24
26
26
27 Sunday
28
8.15
8.15
8.15
8.15
8.15
May
Average week ending
17
24
31
Jan.
Feb.
1918
. , 6.85
. . 7.07
Mch 7.20
Apr 6.99
May 6.88
June 7.59
.. 8.15
Monthly averages
1919 1920
8.65
8.88
9.22
8.78
8.55
8.50
8.50
8.60
8.68
8.75
8.21
8.15
Zinc is quoted as spelter, standard Western brands. New York delivery.
5.60
5.13
6.24
6.05
6.04
6.32
1918
July 8.03
Aug 8.05
Sept 8.05
Oct 8.05
Nov 8.05
Dec 6.90
1919
6.53
6.78
6.02
6.40
6.76
7.12
Prices in New York, in cents per pound.
Monthly averages
65
10.50
m eei
Date
June
Jan.
Feb.
Mch.
Apr.
May
June
ts p
23
24
25
26
27
28
er pound.
. . 7.80
May
June
average
July
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Average week
17 . .
ending
8.11
-9.25
Sunday
7.85
7.85
7.85
7.85
. . 7.90
24. .
$85
S118
7..
S85
14. .
9.25
21..
28. .
1918
1919
7.44
6.71
6.63
6.49
6.43
6.91
Monthly
1920
9.68
9.15
8.93
8.76
8.07
s
1918
. 9.58
. 9.11
1919
7.78
7.81
7.57
7.82
8.12
8.69
1920
Zinc
. . 7.67
silver
7.92
.. 7.92
QUICKSILVER
The primary market for quicksilver is San Francisco. California being:
the largest producer. The price is fixed in the open market, according' to
quantity. Prices, in dollars per flask of 75 pounds.
Date I June 15 85 00
June 1 80.00 " 22 85.00
8 90.00 I " 29 85.00
Monthly averages
1918
1919
1920
1918
1919
71.50
62.74
July . .
.. .93.00
70.11
Feb. . .
. . . 85.00
72.44
59.87
91.33
62.20
Mch. . .
. . . 85.00
72.60
61.92
55.79
72.50
62.12
Oct. . .
78.82
64.82
. . .100.01
72.60
54.99
54.17
. . . 91.00
71.83
71.52
54.94
1918
Jan 128.06
Feb 118.00
Mch 112.00
Apr 115.00
May 110.00
June 112.00
1919
103.75
90.00
72.80
73.12
84.80
94.40
1920
89.00
81.00
87.00
100.00
87.00
1918
July 120.00
Aug 120.00
Sept 120.00
Oct 120.00
Nov 120.00
Dec 115.00
1919
100.00
103.00
102.60
86.00
78.00
95.00
1920
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Discussing the improvement in sterling exchange, the Anglo-South Ameri-
can Bank of London analyzes the situation as follows: "In case of countries
whose currencies are at a discount as compared with ours, there has been
a fairly general contraction in the premium on sterling the past month or
so. this improvement being particularly marked in the German quotation.
Premium on sterling as compared with marks has fallen since the end of
January from 1686% to 69%, while in ease of Paris the present premium
in sterling of about 102% compares with 170% two months ago.
"This recovery in value of depreciated foreign currencies compared with
sterling, however, has not had any adverse effect on the position of sterling
as compared with markets in which British currency is at a discount. In
New York, discount on sterling is now about 20%. against 31% in Febru-
ary, the extreme mark during the present year, and in most other markets
in this group the experience has been the same. Presumably London,
which previously was affected by its own indebtedness to New York, and
indirectly by indebtedness of other countries for which it acted as inter-
mediary in exchange transactions, is now benefiting not only from im-
provement in our own exports but from the better trade position being
established by certain continental countries.
"How substantial has been the improvement in European trade position
as against the United States the following figures show. During April
value of United States shipments to Europe declined $135,000,000 com-
pared with April of last year, but imports from Europe increased $68,000,-
000 and practically $700,000,000 for. 10 months to April 30. Figures of
United States exports to this country showed substantial reduction, and
corresponding imports, almost as substantial an increase, while in ease of
France, also, marked improvement is shown, value of French exports to
United States for 10 months being $145,000,000. against less than $45,-
000.000 the preceding year, while during the same period French imports
from United States declined just over $200,000,000. It is true the balance
of trade is still heavily in favor of America, but all evidence goes to show
Europe has appreciated the need for lessening of consumption and increase
in production, and is acting accordingly.
"In these circumstances, improvement in the European exchanges as
compared with the dollar is only natural, but the position has also been
affected by definite decision of the British and French governments to re-
pay the $500,000,000 Anglo-French loan at its due date in October next,
by heavy gold shipments made to the States on this account, and also by
large sales of government- owned wool, while another factor of more tem-
porary character but of considerable importance is the definite postpone-
ment until 1022 of interest payments on our debt to the American gov-
ernment. This was disclosed by Austen Chamberlain in answering a
House of Commons question on May 5, and incidentally he stated that
approximately £23.000.000 was included in the debt charge for the current
financial year in respect of interest on debt raised outside the United
Kingdom, but that the amount due from this country to the American
government alone would, at par of exchange, amount to £43,000,000 per
annum."
MONEY AND EXCHANGE
Foreign quotations on June 29 are as follows:
Sterling, dollars: Cable 3.95%
Demand 3.96 %
Francs, cents: Cable 8.40
Demand 8.43
Lire, cents : Demand 6.01 '
Marks, cents 2.75
32
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Eastern Metal Market
New York, June 23.
There is still an absence of demand for practically all the
metals and prices of some have fallen.
Demand for copper is very light but prices are steady.
While buying of tin is light, values have been advancing
and the market is fairly strong.
Lead has declined quite decidedly and there is no urgent
demand.
The zinc market is still lifeless and prices are lower.
Antimony is a little easier.
IRON AND STEEL
Iron and steel producers are still traveling in a circle, bet-
terment in car and fuel-supply being quickly followed by a
return of old conditions, says 'The Iron Age'. This week the
breaking out of fresh railroad strikes at Philadelphia and
Baltimore has crippled several Eastern steel-plants, and em-
bargoes against the affected districts have been put in force
at Pittsburgh.
Fuel-shortage has driven some pig-iron producers to pay
new high prices for coke and $17 has been reached in the
dizzy ascent of that market. Basic pig-iron also tends
higher. On the other hand are easier prices in plates and
shapes; but with little promise of better than 75 or 80%
production for many weeks, no significant readjustment of
finished steel prices is looked for.
The buying of steel cars by steel and coke companies goes
on. In the past week such new inquiries involved 2700 cars
and one car-works took orders for 15 00.
The possibility of a sheet and tin-plate shut-down on June
3 has led to recent re-sales of sheet-bars, some bessemer
bars having been offered at $65 to $70 and open-hearth bars
at less than $75, representing some easing-off.
A new development in the coke market is the inquiry com-
ing from South American and European sources, including
one for 10,000 tons per month for 18 months. Owing, how-
ever, to the shortage in this country and to the high prices,
it is not expected that exports will be heavy.
COPPER
There is no change in the general situation — at least not
for the better. A fresh outbreak of 'outlaw' railroad strikes
in the East is not an encouraging sign, particularly in the
Baltimore territory where there are large refinery interests.
It may be necessary to shut-down one or two refineries there
should the matter grow worse. Demand is very light and
prices as a result are largely nominal. Large producers con-
tinue to quote 19c, New York, for both Lake and electrolytic
for early delivery and see no reason to change. Small pro-
ducers and some outside interests are quoting as low as
18.25c, New York, for electrolytic for early delivery. The
large interests are booked up well ahead but difficulties of
various kinds are limiting output and shipments.
TIN
There has been a gradual advance in the quotation for
spot Straits, New York, and it is believed that the low level
was reached last week at 45.50c. Yesterday the quotation
was nominal at 50c, New York. The higher trend is due
largely to a strong London market. Yesterday spot Straits
in London was quoted at £270 per ton. In the week on this
side the market has been quiet on the surface but a fair
record in sales has been made. These have been participated
in largely by dealers though consumers have done a little
buying. One large consumer inquired last week Thursday
for 200 tons which is understood to have been closed. On
Wednesday last week, on the New York Metal Exchange,
sales of 225 tons were recorded as well as 50 tons on Tues-
day. Of the 225 tons on Wednesday, 200 tons was Straits
tin for July shipment and future shipment from the East, !
all at 45 to 45.25c. There was a 25-ton lot of Chinese tin :
which was sold at 42.12Jc, the sale being forced because of
the failure to protect a margin, according to reports. Last
Saturday there was an active demand for future shipment
but there was a lack of sellers, not much business being done
at bids of 47.75 to 48c With London advancing, a buying- i
movement on this side is expected soon. Arrivals of the ;
metal to date this month have been 269 5 tons with 4430 .
tons reported as afloat.
LEAD »
A dull market here for several weeks as well as the slump
in London a week ago have been the causes of two sharp re- :
ductions in prices. Late last Tuesday, June 15, the Amer-
ican Smelting & Refining Co. reduced its quotation Jc. to 8c, I
St. Louis, or 8.25c, New York, and then on the next day re- I
peated the operation, making the level 7.75c, St. Louis, or
8c, New York, for early delivery. The outside market,
which had been above the Trust price for some time, met I
this and is now quoted at around 7.90c, St. Louis, or 8.15c, I
New York. The fear of imports of the metal is also alleged
as a cause for these reductions. It is a fact that lead is not
plentiful for spot delivery or for early shipment from the
West, neither is there any urgent demand.
ZINC
Extreme dullness still characterizes this market. There is ''
no extensive buying and the general basic conditions men- ;
tioned last week still prevail. Values fell to lower levels
late last week when 7.35c, St. Louis, for prime Western i
prevailed, but since then there has been an advance, due to
a higher London market. Today prime Western is quoted at
7.45 to 7.50c, St. Louis, or 7.80 to 7.85c, New York. Pro-
ducers are still inactive sellers and are only taking care of
customers' immediate needs. Galvanizers are not active |
buyers, due to the uncertainty of the future.
ANTIMONY
The market is dull and inactive. The metal is quoted at
7.75c, New York, duty paid, for wholesale lots for early
delivery.
ALUMINUM
Quotations are unchanged at 33c, New York, from the
leading interest and 31.50c from other sellers for whole-
sale lots for early delivery.
ORES
Tungsten: There are no transactions recorded and the
market is flat. The last quotation, which was nominal, was I
$6.50 per unit for Chinese ore with other grades correspond- I
ingly higher. Until general business conditions improve no
life to the market is likely.
Ferro-tungsten is unchanged and nominal at 85c to $1.15
per lb. of contained tungsten.
Molybdenum: This market is also dead with quotations
nominal at 60 to 65c. per lb. of MoS = as the foreign quota-
tion and 7 5c as the local.
Manganese-Iron Alloys : There continues to be an absence
of inquiry for both prompt and last-half delivery. Prices are
firm at $225 to $250 for prompt and $200 for last half. The
only inquiries are about 3 00 tons for last half. Spiegeleisen
is firm at $75, furnace, but the market is quiet.
Kerosene export quotations in New York have declined
twice since June 1. A drop on June 7 from 15c. to 14.25c.
per gallon for standard water-white, in bulk, was followed
by a second on June 12, from 14.25c to 13.50c
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
::::
Book Reviews
Structural Drafting and the Design of Details. By Carl-
ton Thomas Bishop. Pp. 33S. ill., index. John Wiley &
Sons. Inc., New York. For sale by 'Mining and Scientific
Press . Price, $5.
This is a textbook for students and apprentices and a ref-
erence book for structural draftsmen. It is divided into
three parts. Part I is introductory and gives a general dis-
cussion of the organization of a structural-steel company
and of the manufacture and fabrication o£ structural steel.
Part II is devoted to drafting-room practice. The discussion
is complete, from the mechanical details of the use of trac-
ing-cloth and ink-erasers to the laying out of beams, gird-
ers, and columns. Part III deals with the design of details
In a similarly thorough manner. An appendix contains the
usual data regarding properties of standard structural
shapes as well as a number of other tables and diagrams
nseful in this class of work.
Manual for the Oil and Gas Industry. By Ralph Arnold,
J. L. Darnell and others. Pp. 176. 111., index. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York. For sale by 'Mining and Scientific
Press'. Price, $2.50.
Whatever we may think of the various provisions of the
internal revenue laws relating to corporation taxes, the fact
remains that corporations must make returns under these
i laws. The present volume was originally issued as a bulletin
of the Internal Revenue Bureau, and is designed to assist
members of the accounting departments of companies pro-
ducing oil in making the calculations necessary for prepar-
ing the proper tax return. The scope of the book is indi-
cated by the titles of the various chapters, which are Ampli-
fication of the Law and Regulations, Estimate of Deprecia-
tion of Equipment, and Estimate of Recoverable Under-
ground Reserves of Oil. While the hook, as already noted,
is primarily designed for those preparing Federal tax re-
turns on behalf of oil companies, it will he useful to anyone
interested in the valuation of oil properties.
Text-book of Diorganic Chemistry. Vol. IX. Part I. By
J. Newton Friend. Pp. 366. Index. Charles Griffin & Co.,
London. For sale by 'Mining and Scientific Press'. Price, $6.
The general plan of this series has been to devote one
volume to each of the groups of elements according to the
periodic classification. In this instance iron has been treat-
ed separately in Part II so that this particular book deals
only with nickel, cobalt, and the palladium and platinum
groups. For the research student, as the author points out,
fuller details are necessary than can be included in a text-
book of this scope. Accordingly copious references are
given to the original memoir. While the past two decades
have marked rapid strides in the development of the chem-
istry of the metals and their compounds, there is still a
I deal of unchartered territory yet to be explored. This work
is new and is based upon the present state of our knowledge
of inorganic chemistry. The hook is of course designed for
the use of the student and for that purpose it is well
adapted. It appears to be comprehensive, clear, and well
arranged.
Forge Practice and Heat-Treatment of Steel. By John
Lord Bacon. Third edition. Pp. 407. 111., index. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. For sale by 'Mining and
Scientific Press'. Price, $1.75.
The author of this book was for some time instructor in
forge practice at the Lewis Institute at Chicago, and the text
is based on notes prepared for courses given there. In the
third edition the subjects of hardening, tempering, and an-
nealing are treated at considerably greater length than in the
previous editions. The first chapter is devoted to a general
description of the blacksmith's forge and tools. Welding in
the forge is next discussed, and then the making of all kinds
of hand forgings, including the calculation of stock, and the
methods of actually doing the work. Steam-hammer work is
then considered, also the use of dies to produce duplicate
parts. The remainder of the book is mainly devoted to tem-
pering, hardening, annealing, and casehardening, and dis-
cusses both the equipment used and the methods of doing the
work. The treatment is non-technical and practical through-
out, theoretical discussion being eliminated as far as possi-
ble. It will be of value not only to the apprentice and
mechanic but also to the engineer who either uses or has
charge of the manufacture of forgings.
The Mines Handbook. By Walter Harvey Weed. Pp.
1976. W. H. Weed, New York. For sale by 'Mining and
Scientific Press'. Price $15.
The latest issue of this valuable publication is just to
hand. It covers the years 1918, 1919, and the first quarter
of 1920. Much of the information is brought down to April
of the current year. The present volume contains 70 pages
more than that issued in 1918, and the number of companies
listed has increased by 1000, making the total 7400. It
would he well if all the advertisements could be placed at
the hack of the volume; also the index. The geographical
arrangement by countries. States, counties, and districts is
advantageous. As usual, the volume contains a glossary
and a brief description of the principal copper minerals. It
is evident that there has been some difficulty in getting in-
formation concerning certain mining enterprises, but this is
the usual experience of statisticians and compilers of in-
dustrial data. As this volume becomes a public institution,
it ought to receive increasing support, not only by its sale
but also by a greater willingness on the part of mining com-
panies to assist the editors by giving them the needed in-
formation. The new districts, in Nevada and British Colum-
bia, for example, are creditably complete. Consolidations,
absorptions, and liquidations are carefully recorded. No
less than 460 pages are devoted to mining companies in
foreign countries, particularly those to which American en-
ergy and capital are being diverted. The collection of geo-
logic and metallurgic data gives technical value to the
volume. The various statistical tables have been brought up
to date. This handbook is the successor to the one started
by Horace J. Stevens in 1900. It is fortunate that a man so
well informed as Mr. Walter Harvey Weed should have
taken up the work when Stevens died. We are frank to say
that we find the 'Mines Handbook' of great use to us in our
editorial work, and we can surmise how useful therefore it
must be to others requiring prompt information concerning
the organization, personnel, and production of mining com-
panies in various parts of this country and also abroad. It
is extremely difficult to compile so large a mass of informa-
tion without introducing errors, but the marvel is that there
are so few. Without question, the 'Handbook' is perform-
ing a highly useful function, and we hope that Mr. Weed's
enterprise will meet with public support. — T. A. R.
Engineering for Land Drainage. By Charles G. Elliott.
Pp. 353. 111., index. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
For sale by 'Mining and Scientific Press'. Price, $2.50.
This is the third edition of a book which, appearing orig-
inally in 1902, has come to be regarded as a standard trea-
tise on the subject. Comparing it with the second edition,
we find several changes and additions, including a revision
of the discussion of the hydraulics of flow in underdrains,
new tables for computing the discharge of tile-drains, and
additions to the discussion of drainage by pumps and of
drainage of irrigated lands.
34
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Jul}- 3, 1920
IND
^
EGRESS
INFORMATION' FURNISHED BY MANUFACTURERS
tmiiriiiiiiiinmiiiiiniinnijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiimiiiiiiriiiimiiiiiijiiuiiiitiiiiiiiitiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiHiuHiliiMiiiiiJiiiiniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiin^
THE SELECTION AND TREATMENT OP TRANSMISSION
BELTS
By E. J. Black
The right and wrong ways of lacing belts are shown in the
accompanying illustrations. The top and bottom views show
a belt which has been properly laced. The holes were
punched evenly and the lacing was done smoothly, leaving
no loose ends which might catch and injure the belt. The
middle view shows a belt improperly laced. The holes were
punched in some instances so close together that the lacings
tore through. A belt laced like this cannot be expected to
give the maximum amount of service. The following de-
tailed instructions as to the proper way of lacing may well
be studied.
(1) Cut the ends of the belt absolutely square. Do not
depend upon your eye or use an ordinary ruler. If the end
is slanted in the least degree all the pull will come on one
side of the belt and the consequences are likely to be dis-
astrous. (2) Make the holes as small as practicable. Use
an awl rather than a punch, wherever possible. (3) Leave
a sufficient margin at the edge of the belt without holes so
as not to impair its strength. In belts 2 to 6 in. wide, the
holes should not be nearer to the edge than J in., in belts
6 to 12 in. wide not nearer than f in., and belts 12 to 18 in.
wide not narrower than J in. (4) Make two rows of holes,
in parallel lines straight across the width of the belt, and
stagger the holes, so that the strain comes upon different
portions of the belt. (5) Be sure that the holes in the two
ends to be joined match exactly. Otherwise there will be a
'jog' in the belt, and this is likely to result in tearing the belt
lengthwise. (6) Use flexible lacing, being careful to have it
proportionate to the size of the belt. A heavy lacing is likely
to cause trouble. (7) In lacing the belt, make the pulley
side as smooth as possible. Rough places and ends should
be turned away from the pulley. ( 8 ) In using metal f asten-
Table for Finding the Horse-Power of a
Speed in feet per minute
Width Ply
4" 4
5
6
5" 4
5
6
6" 4
5
6
8" 4
5
6
10" 4
5
6
12" 5
6
14" 5
6
16" 6
8
18" 6
8
20" 6
8
24" . .' 6
8
30" 6
8
30" 10
36" 8
10
42" 8
10
48" 8
10
200
1.45
1.82
2.18
1.82
2.27
2.73
2.18
2.73
3.28
2.91
3.64
4.37
3.64
4.55
5.46
5.46
6.55
6.36
7.64
8.73
11.63
9.82
13.09
10.9
14.5
13.09
17.4
16.3
21.8
27.3
26.2
32.7
30.5
38.2
34.9
43.6
500
3.64
4.55
5.45
4.55
5.68
6.83
5.45
6.83
8.18
7.27
9.1
10.9
9.1
11.4
13.65
3.65
16.3
15.9
19.1
21.8
29.1
24.5
32.7
27.3
36.4
32.7
43.6
40.8
54.6
68.2
65.5
81.8
76.4
95.5
87.3
109.0
1000
7.27
9.1
10.9
9.1
11.4
13.6
10.9
13.6
16.4
14.5
18.2
21.8
18.2
22.7
27.3
27.3
32.7
£1.8
38.2
43.6
58.2
49.1
65.4
54.5
72.7
65.4
87.2
81.6
109.0
136.4
131.0
163.6
152.7
190.9
174.5
218.0
1500
10.9
13.6
16.4
13.6
17.1
20.5
16.4
20.5
24.6
21.8
27.3
32.7
27.3
34.2
40.9
40.9
49.1
47.7
57.3
65.5
87.3
73.7
98.3
81.8
109.0
98.3
130.8
122.4
163.8
204.6
196.5
245.4
229.2
286.5
261.9
327.0
2000
14.5
18.2
21.8
18.2
22.8
27.2
21.8
27.2
32.8
29.1
36.4
43.6
36.4
45.5
54.5
54.5
65.5
63.6
76.4
87.3
116.3
98.2
130.9
109.0
145.5
130.9
174.4
163.2
218.0
273.0
262.0
327.2
305.4
382.0
349.0
436.0
2500
18.2
22.7
27.3
22.7
28.4
34.1
27.3
34.1
40.9
36.4
45.5
54.5
45.5
56.9
68.2
68.2
81.7
79.5
95.5
109.0
145.3
122.8
163.4
136.5
181.9
163.4
218.0
204.3
272.8
341.0
327.5
409.0
382.0
478.0
437.0
546.0
3000
21.8
27.3
32.8
27.3
34.1
41.0
32.8
41.0
49.:
43.
54.
65.
54.
.1
.7
.6
.5
.6
68.3
81.8
81.8
98.2
95.5
114.6
131.0
174.6
147.4
196.6
163.6
218.0
196.6
261.6
245.0
327.6
409.2
393.0
490.8
458.4
573.0
523.8
654.0
3500
25.4
31.8
38.2
31.8
39.8
47.8
38.2
47.8
57.3
51.0
63.6
76.
63.
79.
95.
95.
114.
111.
133.8
152.7
203.5
171.8
229.0
191.0
254.5
229.0
305.0
286.0
382.0
477.4
458.0
573.0
535.0
668.0
612.0
764.0
Belt
4000
29.0
36.4
43.6
36.4
45.5
54.5
43.6
54.5
65.5
58.2
72.7
87.3
72.7
91.0
109.0
109.0
130.9
127.2
152.8
174.6
232.6
196.4
261.8
218.0
291.0
261.8
348.8
326.4
436.0
546.0
524.0
654.4
610.8
764.0
698.0
872.0
4500
32.7
40.9
49.0
40.9
51.
61.
49.
61.
73.
65.5
81.9
98.3
81.9
102.2
122.6
122.6
147.0
143.0
172.0
196.5
262.0
221.0
294.0
245.6
327.7
294.0
392.0
368.0
492.0
614.0
589.0
737.0
687.0
860.0
786.0
982.0
5000
36.4
45.4
54.5
45.4
56.8
68.2
54.5
68.2
81.8
72.7
91.0
109.0
91.0
114.0
136.4
136.4
163.5
159.0
191.0
218.0
290.6
245.6
326.8
273.0
363.8
326.8
436.0
408.6
545.6
682.0
655.0
818.0
764.0
956.0
874.0
1092.0
5500
40.0
50.0
60.0
50.0
62.5
75.0
60.0
75.0
90.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
100.0
125.0
150.0
150.0
180.0
175.0
210.0
240.0
320.0
270.0
370.0
300.0
400.0
370.0
480.0
450.0
600.0
750.0
720.0
900.0
840.0
1050.0
960.0
1200.0
6000
43.6
54.6
65.5
54.6
68.2
81.8
65.5
81.8
98.2
87.3
109.2
131.0
109.2
136.4
163.6
163.6
196.0
191.0
229.2
262.0
349.2
294.8
393.2
327.2
436.0
393.2
523.2
490.0
655.0
. 818.4
786.0
981.6
916.8
1146.0
1047.6
1308.0
Julv
1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
35
«rs select those which place the strain on the length-wise
strands of the bolt. The cross-wise strands are not as strong
as those which run length-wise.
Besides improper lacing, there are many other abuses
which shorten the life of belts. Shafting that is out of line
may cause an undue strain upon the belt and make it run off
the pulley. Oil may be allowed to drip upon the belt and
ruin it. The belt may be applied with an initial tension so
great as to produce an unnecessary strain. Many complaints
regarding unsatisfactory belt performance can be traced to
the fact that the wrong belt was used on the job. No mat-
ter how good a belt is or how good treatment it receives it
HiLLl
Correct and Incorrect Methods of Lacing Belts
"will fail to give satisfactory service if not adapted for the
use to which it is put.
In deciding upon the right belt for any particular service
there are eight factors to be considered: (1) distance be-
tween pulley centres; (2) diameter of the pulleys; (3) width
of the pulleys; (4) use of idlers, cone pulleys, quarter turn,
half turn, etc.; (5) speed; (6) horse-power to be trans-
mitted; (7) character of the load (jerky or constant); and
(8) conditions such as contact with moisture, oil, or other
deteriorating influences.
Over these factors the belt-man usually has little or no
control. His problem is to take the conditions as he finds
them, and apply a belt that will give the best service possible
under the circumstances. Yet he may sometimes perform a
real service by calling attention to a faulty arrangement,
when the conditions are such that the fault may be cor-
rected. Real economies may sometimes be effected by
lengthening the distance between pulley centres, increasing
the width of the pulley face, or by changing the arrangement
of a vertical belt so as to give a certain degree of slant.
The factors which are under the belt man's control are
these: (1) The kind of belt to be used, such as rubber,
leather, canvas, etc.; (2) the grade, whether cheap, medium,
or high; and (3) the weight of the belt, such as 4 or 6-ply,
single or double.
In determining the kind of belting to be used, the merits
of rubber belting should receive full consideration. It is
economical in first cost, extremely efficient in service, and
frequently outlasts other constructions. On the other hand,
in places where constant contact with oil is unavoidable, a
rubber belt will not give good service. The constant use of
shifters is also injurious to a rubber belt.
In deciding upon the right grade for a particular service,
the points to be especially considered are the size of the pul-
leys, the presence of idlers or other unusual conditions, and
the speed. Small pulleys, operated at high speed, necessi-
tate a high-quality belt. The reason for this is the internal
wear between the various plies of fabric, and even between
the fibres in each ply, as the belt rounds the pulleys. A
high-grade rubber friction is the best possible protection
against this internal wear, because it protects each fibre
with an elastic coating which remains uninjured and which
indeed retains its life and elasticity longer when in use than
when lying idle.
In this connection, it should not be forgotten that the
value of a particular rubber friction cannot be determined
merely by the test showing 'pounds pull*. If the plies were
fastened together with glue, this test would show a very
high-grade belt, but we all know that such a belt could not
give service. The most valuable property of rubber friction
is that intangible quality called 'life'. There Is no known
test for this but length of service. In specifying the proper
ply for the installation, the determining factors are the size
of the pulleys, width of the belt, speed, and the horse-power
to be delivered. The belt itself should be at least one inch
less in width than the face of the pulley.
'GUNITE' FOR FIRE-WALLS
Some months ago the architects of a large factory in the
East decided to use as a 'fire-wall' a hollow wall with 'gunite'
sides two inches thick, with an eight-inch air space between,
and with the side walls connected with gunite studs at from
5 to 7-ft. intervals. The outer walls were reinforced and
the studs had two J-in. round rods as vertical reinforcement.
This construction was refused. 'Fire-wall' in insurance par-
lance is distinguishable from 'fire stop', in that the latter
means a wall that will act as a temporary retardent to pre-
vent the spread of fire, while a 'fire-wall' is supposed to be
a wall that will actually prevent the spread of fire from one
portion of a building to another portion. Inasmuch as the
only material which had ever been classified as a 'fire-wall'
construction, and the only construction that had been used
in this connection, had been a brick wall not less than 12 in.
thick and increasing in thickness due to the height and
character of the partition, the architect was faced with the
quandary of getting a decision in favor of the gunite con-
struction or of delaying the erection of the plant for an
indefinite period, on account of the scarcity of both brick
and brick-masons. The insurance company was sufficiently
interested to request that the Underwriters' laboratories
make arrangements to test samples to be made in conformity
with the scheme proposed. The final test was completed on
June 3 and 4.
The samples tested were reproductions of a section of
wall, the studs being spaced with 7-ft. centres and side walls
extending about 18 in. beyond each stud to their intersection
with the brick frame. The walls were 'shot' about April 20,
and had cured since that time. To avoid excessive damp-
ness, they had been surrounded with tarpaulins for the last
36
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ten days, and two salamanders were kept burning under
this cover. The laboratory and the underwriters' regulations
tor testing a ' fire-wall' provide that the sample shall be sub-
jected for lour hours to a heat ranging from 1000° within
five minutes after the test is started to 1600° at one hour,
and up to 2000° at four hours. The curve of the readings
made in this test followed this theoretical curve closely. In
addition it also provided that the face of the wall away from
the flames shall not become hotter than 300°. When the
first sample had been under heat for about IS minutes a
considerable spalling of the face occurred between one of
the studs and the abutment about 18 in. away, but this had
been expected as previous experiments had shown that gunite
slabs demanded considerable opportunity for expansion be-
tween fixed points. In fact a hole about 15 in. diameter
was opened up through the side toward the fire, but even
with this handicap the sample was subjected for four hours
and fifteen minutes to the heat above indicated without any
sign of breaking. The heat was withdrawn at this period
because of the fact that one of the outside thermometers
showed a little more than 300°, although all the other four
thermometers read considerably less. Strange to say the
thermometer that showed the high reading was farthest
away from the hole that had broken through the inner wall.
The second test made on June 4 called for a similar sample
to be subjected to heats up to 1600° for one hour, at which
time the frame was removed from the furnace and the sam-
ple swung over so that it could be subjected to a stream of
water through a lj-in. nozzle at 50 lb. pressure for five
minutes. This sample at about the same period as the first
sample showed similar spalling and a hole at almost exactly
the same spot. The general impression was that the great-
est initial heats were at the end of the furnace, and that
when the stress on the short span was once relieved no
further trouble occurred. When the water was thrown
against the wall considerable cracking occurred, and after
cooling it was seen that the slab had split for some distance
hack from the slabbing-point due to a lamination along the
plane of the wire mesh. None of the material fell, however,
nor was there the slightest spalling of the gunite. This led
to the recommendation that the mesh be placed as near the
centre of the slab as practicable in a wall of this kind, in
order to allow for a considerable thickness of undisturbed
material behind the wire if such lamination should occur.
It is uncertain pending the issuance of the official report
exactly what the ruling will be, but inasmuch as all of the
gentlemen present seemed to be satisfied, and in view of
the statement made by one of them that he considered this
wall "better than a 12-in. wall", it seems certain that gunite
walls will be accepted as self-supporting 'fire walls' under
certain conditions in steel or reinforced-concrete strutures.
No tests have ever been made to show the value of concrete
walls under similar conditions, but tests that have been
made on concrete have indicated' that gravel concrete will
stand only a small amount of heat; that granite concrete
breaks down under the water-test; that trap-rock and gravel
concrete fuses and flows at 1800° to 2000°; but that a high-
grade limestone concrete will withstand these heats. Off-
setting this, however, is the fact that most of the limestones
obtainable are not suitable. Also it is noted that, if limestone
or slag screenings were used as the aggregate in gunite,
even better results still would probably have been obtained,
as the sand used in these tests was highly silicious. Gunite
is much used for fire protection in the larger mines through-
out the United States where timbers in shafts, stations, and
other more or less permanent working passages are coated
with a layer : ] to } inches thick.
Bulletin L 531-B. issued by the Worthington Pump &
Machinry Corporation, describes Laidlaw 'feather-valve' air-
compressors.
COMMERCIAL PARAGRAPHS
The C. L. Best Gas Traction Co. announces the establish-
ment of its sales and display room at 730 Van Ness Avenue,
San Francisco. The product of the company will be on dis-
play and full information regarding Best 'tracklayer' trac-
tors may be obtained.
B. V. E. Nordberg, son of the pioneer engine and hoist-
builder. B. V. Nordberg, has been appointed sales manager
for the Nordberg Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee. H. W. Dow,
former sales manager, recently resigned to become vice-
president and engineer for the Forest Products Chemical Co.
at Memphis.
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the West-
inghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. held at East Pitts-
burgh on June 9, the following directors were unamiously
re-elected for three years: Guy E. Tripp, chairman, Joseph
Marsh, president of the Standard Underground Cable Co.,
H. H. Westinghouse, chairman of the board, Westinghouse
Air Brake Co., Albert H. Wiggin, chairman of the board of
the Chase National Bank, and George W. Davison, president
of the Central Union Trust Co., was selected to succeed
James N. Wallace, deceased, for the term expiring in June
1921.
Recent advertisements of the Westinghouse Union Bat-
tery Co., Swissvale, Pennsylvania, have, unfortunately, led
many to assume that the Westinghouse Electric & Manu-
facturing Co. was entering the storage-battery field. In
order to clear away any misunderstanding, the Westing-
house Electric & Manufacturing Co. authorizes the state-
ment that the Westinghouse Union Battery Co. is owned
and controlled by the Westinghouse Air Brake Co., Wilmer-
ding, Pennsylvania, and the Westinghouse Electric & Manu-
facturing Co. is not in any way connected with the manu-
facture, sale, distribution, or service of the product of the
Westinghouse Union Battery Co.
The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., New York, announces
the election of Allan E. Goodhue as vice-president in charge
of sales. Mr. Goodhue since May 1, 1919, has been manag-
ing director of the company's English subsidiary, the Con-
solidated Pneumatic Tool Co., London; also director of
European sales for the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. Mr.
Goodhue was formerly for a number of years connected with
the sales department of the Midvale Steel Co. and Midvale
Steel & Ordnance Co. in Philadelphia, Chicago, and Boston,
leaving that company in March 1918 to enter the service of
the Government. From that time until January 1, 1919,
when he became connected with the Chicago Pneumatic
Tool Co., he was assistant manager of the steel and raw ma-
terial section, production division, of the Emergency Fleet
Corporation.
The General Fireprooflng Co. in the May issue of its pub-
lication points out that the most important part of any in-
dustrial operation is the human part — the men who run it.
Machines are important. Buildings are important. But
they are useless without the men; whereas men could, in a
pinch, make progress without either the machines or fac-
tories, as was the case before the invention of machinery.
The house is one of the most important factors in shaping
the true growth of the individual. Ramshackle dwellings
cannot fail to impress their character upon their inmates,
and ramshackle workers cannot fail to impress their char-
acter upon their work. The company believes that the ques-
tion of proper 'industrial housing' is one of the most im-
portant considerations of the employer today and recom-
mends permanent fire-resisting construction. Cement stucco
on metal lath over reinforced concrete frame, produces a
construction which is not only rigid and permanent, but pos-
sesses the insulating qualities so essential in exterior wall-
work by having dead-air space, thereby keeping the building
warm in winter and cool in summer.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
47
Two-ton White operated by the Cananea Consolidated Copper Co., at Cananea, Sonora, Mexico. This owner says
that White Trucks have given long, satisfactory service at a low cost of operation
WHITE has the OWNERS
THE real merit of a motor truck is strongly reflected in its
owners. The Annual Roll Call of White Fleets in actual
service is graphic proof of the most remarkable truck ownership
in America, as remarkable for the quality of that ownership as
for its extent and steady growth from year to year.
The Roll Call, including only owners of ten or more White
Trucks, lists 350 concerns with a total of 12,674 Whites. All
together there are 3,691 White Fleets comprising 40,919 trucks,
exclusive of single-truck installations.
Behind it all there is one decisive reason : White Trucks do the
most work for the least money.
THE WHITE COMPANY
CLEVELAND
White Trucks
48
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Justinian Caire Company The Calkins Company
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
—Established 1S51 —
LOS ANCELES, CAL.
Gas Combination Furnace Outfits
The firing in these furnaces
is done on a tangent to the fire
box, with the result that the
flame does not impinge on the
crucibles but surrounds and en-
velops them. This great ad-
vantage will be appreciated by
experienced assayers and re-
finers who know how destruc-
tive it is to the crucibles to
have the flame strike directly
against them.
The crucible chamber is cir-
cular, which is the proper and
natural form of a fire box, as
such a form offers less corners
and edges for the fire to act
upon, as well as being the best
form for proper combustion.
Access to this chamber is to be
had from either side of the fur-
nace through covered apertures.
The cold furnace will be at a
good working heat twenty min-
utes after starting the burner,
and the muffle will be ready for
use before the first melt is com-
pleted. The muffle capacity is
equal to the melting capacity
and will easily cupel all the
melts possible to be made.
GAS BURNER
The gas burner used in this
outfit is a simple, inexpensive,
long lasting cast-iron burner;
this operates equally well on
either illuminating or fuel gas.
Gas supply is controlled by
valve in burner, while air sup-
ply is regulated by six-point
regulator which is furnished
with motor, this way of regu-
lating air is much better than
the usual way employed in the
majority of outfits of this kind
where they use a damper in the
air pipe.
ltlltlltllllllllltlllllllllll1llllillMlllltlllll[l<llllllll1llllllilllllllllllllH<[llllllllllllllllllllllll1llllillilllllllllllltlHI<lllll1IIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIII1IIU
GARRATT JACK HEAD I
PLUNGER PUMPS
Are Not Affected by |
Muddy, Gritty Water I
The cylinder has large clearance and I
the plunger is outside packed at the |
top. The suction and discharge valves 1
are fitted with bronze taper seats and \
are easily exchanged by removing bon- |
nets. The Jack Head works altogether |
on the down stroke; the pump rod is |
made to weigh just half the amount of 1
pressure exerted on the plunger so that 1
the load is equal and uniform at all |
times whether on down or up stroke. I
In this way |
Balance Bob is Eliminated
3^ thereby increasing the efficiency and |
?3£ materially reducing cost of installation. |
' These pumps are made with capacities 1
of from 30 to 500 gallons per minute 1
and for elevations up to 600 feet. \
W. T. GARRATT & CO.
Established 1850 X
299 Fremont St. San Francisco, Cal. 1
nllimilllMiiiimimiiiM mini iiiimiiimimiimmiij tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii minimi tun m
Protect Your Lamps
^g. From Breakage^Theft
m| ^Your Property from Ere
Inexpensive Security Against
Danger — Losses — Delays
FLEXCO-
TRADE I W ■ M^K ACaiCTCN
MARK I ■ ■ ^^^k U IHTOfl
Lamp Guards
Mechanically Perfect
Easiest to Put On — Best in Service
Flexco-Lok Steel Lamp Guards are of expanded sheet
steel heavily plated with non-corroding tin. Very simple
in adjustment. Halves open on riveted hinges in base;
close over lamp locking screws in collar. Strongly rein-
forced.
All Sizes — Locking or Plain
Flexco-Lok Steel Lamp Guards are made for all sizes of
lamps for either standard brass or weatherproof sockets.
Self-retaining lock screws in Flexco-Lok Guards lock with
a key preventing unauthorized removai. We make also
Flexco Steel Lamp Guards exactly the same construction,
types and sizes but with plain round head screws.
Ask Your Dealer— or Write Us
Write today. We will send you prices, sample 40 watt
Siard and full details regarding Flexco-Lok Steel Lamp
uards.
Jobbers — Get these excellent products for your trade.
FLEXIBLE STEEL LACING COMPANY
S26 Sooth Clinton Street Chicago, Illinois
July .:. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
49
REBUILT ENGINES
1-5x4 Ball Mill (Hendy)
2-4x3 Ball Mills (Hendy)
1-16x10x16 Sullivan
Class WH2.500' Straight
Line Compressor
1-50 HP. Type H Western
Engine, 38° Fuel
1-35 HP. Type G Western
Engine, 38° Fuel
1-20 HP. Type Y Fair-
banks-Morse, 27-K Oil
1-36 HP. Meitz 6 Weiss,
Two Vertical Cylinders,
27+ Oil
REBUILT BEARINGS, REGROUND VALVES, 5
NEW PISTON RINGS =
Condition: EQUAL TO NEW =
We Welcome All Inquiries SS
WRITE — WIRE — CALL ■=
^ A. H. SIMPSON COMPANY ^
SAIM FRANCISCO v$5}>
%.
%/lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli^
50
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
OPPORTUNITIES
Under this heading: announcements may be made of new and
second-hand machinery or supplies, for sale or wanted. The cost
is five cents per word, including- address. Minimum charge one
dollar per insertion. Remittances MUST accompany order. Copy
must be received by Saturday for the following: week's issue.
FOR SALE — One gold dredge, flume type 3% cubic feet buckets of
nickel chrome steel with manganese lips: completely equipped with 90 H.P.
"Western Gas Engine, separate engine and dynamo for lighting plant, 60-
foot flume with riffles, 14-inch Byron Jackson pump, blacksmith's outfit,
etc. All new. never used: can be purchased for much less than present
cost of manufacture. AdoVsss Straub Mfg. Co.. 5th and Chestnut Sts..
Oakland. Cal. tf
OPPORTUNITY — Diamond drilling on a new basis of cost, saving you
one-half to one-quarter over present methods. Guaranteed work with best
up to the minute equipment, efficient and experienced help. Long ex-
perienced and enthusiastic customers. Write for information. H. D. Staley.
229 Lick Bdg., San Francisco. tf
WANTED — Wood pipe, second hand, four to ten inch; telegraph quan-
tity, location and price to O. H. Fairchild, Richfield. Utah. 7-17
HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT FOR SALE — 23,000 feet double riveted drive
pipe, 11 in. to 30 in., with elbows, tapers, tees and gates; 3 Campbell ele-
vators; complete inventory upon request. Address Opp. 392, Mining and
Scientific Press. 7-24
FOR SALE — One 4-in. Empire prospecting drill, regular equipment, com-
plete with horse-power sweep, spring attachment, 60 feet of rods. 90 feet
of casing and many extras: in use only four months: original cost S1400;
bargain. Address Star Machinery Company, 1731 1st Ave. South, Seattle.
Wash. 7-17
WANTED — Right parties to develop best copper prospect in Arizona;
will consider lease or sale. Address Box 134, Jerome, Arizona. 7-10
WILL give controlling interest in group of claims at Ray. Arizona, for a
certain amount of development work. Copper-silver, prospect stage only,
but fine ground in proven district; close to railway; plenty of water. Ad-
dress McKee Investment Co., Ray, Arizona. 7-3
FOR SALE — An electric traction shovel, Vulcan type, one and one-quarter
yard dipper. For particulars address S. P. Colt, Hereford, Oregon. 7-24
WANTED — Compressor, two to four-drill capacity, together with suitable
oil or gas engine; also drills and equipment; price must be right for cash.
Address P. O. Box 772, San Jose, California. tf
iiiiiiii]iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiihi]iiiiiiiiiii][i]iiiiii[iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiii]iiiiiitiiii]iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu
r DoYOUWANTTAIS
IT IS A LIST OF USED MACUINER.Y
FOR MINING MILLING SMELTING
CHEMICAL AND POWER PLANTS
OVER 3000 PIECES OF HEAVY
MACHINERY THOROUGHLY REBUILT
READY FOB. SERVICE
WHATEVER YOU NEED IN THE MACHINERY LINE
WE VANT TO SHOW YDU WHAT YOU CAN SAVE
"^
WRITE US *
ft SUPPLY CO
DENVER USA
BROS
±iiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiiii!iiriiiiitiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiitiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmm
! JARDINE SCRAPERS
We manufacture Dragline Scrapers
all sizes and capacities, with special
heavy sheave blocks.
Sizes— K-yard to 5-yard capacity.
Send for Cuts and Data
Manufacturers and Dealers in New and
Rebuilt Machinery
Your Inquiries Solicited
I JARDINE MACHINERY CO.
OFFICE AND WORKS
| 115-125 Main St., San Francisco, Cal.
^iiiiimimmiiiiimmiimiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiMiiimmiiimiiiiimiimm iiiiimr ummmmmt uiiiiiiiHimiiiiMiiimnimiiic-
Sllllllllll[llllllllMllllll[IIIIt!lllllllllltlllllllll!lllllllllMllilllMIIllll[lllllllll1llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll[llllI1ltlllllllllllUI[!lllillIilimllllI
I THE ZINC INDUSTRY
By E. A. SMITH
211 Pages
(1918)
Price $3.75
Cloth
ib I !
For Sale by
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS,
420 Market St., San Francisco, California
= nllMllllltl1ll1lllllll1l|]lllll1l[lllllllllllll[ll[1lllll]|lll[IIMIIIIIIMIMI|][ll[ll[llllll11ll[lllllll[l1ll]ll]llllllllllllllllltll>lllllTtri]IIHIIIII
1 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS wants a permanent circulation rep-
= resentative in every mining' community in the world. Replies will be held
confidential if desired. Address The Manager, Mininr and Scientific Press.
3»iiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii(;
•nujitJitiiiiiiiitiitiiiiiii tin iiu niiiitiiii jitiiiiimit i r i tntjiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii intiiii iiitu tiitiiLiminuiJ ti i tn iiiniijiimi in m tn tu tinii n [■iiiitiiuintii eii tiiimi tin iMiiiiiiiiiiiiitiitniJiiiiniiiiiiiutv
': ; ::-:-
ENGINEERS
MANUFACTURERS
CONTRACTORS
DENVER, COLO.
MININGAND
MILLING MACHINERY
AND PLANTS
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
51
POSITIONS WANTED
The cost of advertising- for positions wanted is 2 cents per word,
including' address. Minimum charge 50 cents per insertion. Replies
forwarded without extra charge. Remittances must accompany
order. Copy must be received Saturday morning 1 for the following'
week's issue.
CHEMIST AND MILL SUPERINTENDENT, at present employed by large
corporation, wants change: technical graduate; expert in flotation and
leaching. Address Box 1067, Phoenix. Arizona. 7-24
SAFETY ENGINEER — Graduate engineer with eleven years general min-
ing experience, at present engaged in safety and welfare work, wishes larger
ppport unity with corporation definitely pledged to this line and endeavor;
torganizer. capable and tactful; married; age 36. Address PW 391, Min-
ing and Scientific Press. 7-3
DRAFTSMAN open for engagement; three years with mining, milling
And smelting machinery companies. Twelve years with mining, milling and
smelting companies. Address PW 375. Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
MINE CHIEF CLERK wants position; available after July 1; age 45:
single: years of experience; able to handle all office work, including monthly
«ost sheets, all by himself, for mine employing 50 to 100 men; speaks
Spanish; good references; minimum salary to start, S225. Address PW
rS88, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
POSITION WANTED — Master mechanic, mine, mill, power house con-
struction; 20 years experience: references from past employers. Address
PW 390, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
MINING ENGINEER, experienced and efficient superintendent and man-
ager, open for engagement: age 43; references A-l. Address PW 384. Min-
ing and Scientific Press. 7-17
MINING ENGINEER open for engagement; 20 years executive experi-
ence in the Southwest and Mexico: thoroughly conversant with both tech-
nical and business end of mine and mill operation; fluent Spanish; highest
references. Address PW 383, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-17
MINING ENGINEER available for exploration work or mine and mill
management anywhere except Mexico. Salary $300; single: speak Spanish.
Address PW 382. Mining and Scientific Press. 7-10
MILL FOREMAN OR SHIFTEOSS: first class all around millman: ex-
iensive experience both flotation and cyanide; can do assaying; good
mechanic; speak Spanish; go anywhere. Address PW 381, Mining and
Scientific Press. - 7-3
MINE FOREMAN OR SHIFTBOSS at present employed desires position
with a responsible mining company in the western United States; have had
9.5 years good practical experience as miner, timberman, etc.; four years
as shift boss and foreman; thoroughly understand the care and operation
of pumps, compressors, etc: 45 years of age; married: will be available
on the first of July. Address PW 377, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
COLUMBIA E. M., ten years experience in both operation and engineer-
ing as mine foreman and chief engineer respectively; speak Spanish. Ad-
dress PW 371, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
SUPERINTENDENT gold mine and mill: 25 years experience; thorough
assayer, machinist and millwright; mill planning and construction; have
well-equipped assay outfit. Address PW 336, Mining and Scientific Press.
7-3
MILL SUPERINTENDENT of wide experience desires employment: just
completed five-year job; go anywhere: know how to handle men and
machinery. Address PW 367, Mining and Scientific Press. 8-7
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS wants a permanent circulation rep-
resentative in every mining community in the world. Replies will be held
confidential if desired. Address The Manager, Mining and Scientific Press.
3iiN»iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiitiiiiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiiiti)iiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiitiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu
1 Portland Filters |
| The following rebuilt filters in our Denver §
1 stock ready for immediate delivery. |
I 1—12x7^' 4—12 x 9' |
I 2—12x8' 1—12^x14' |
Hiiiiliitiillliliiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiii]iiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiii]iiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiitiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiliiliillitiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiiiiminiE
| BUTCHART
| Concentrating Tables, Flotation Apparatus, Classifiers, |
= Screens, etc
W. A. BUTCHART. 1326-1330 Eleventh St.. Denver. Colo.
| A. P. WATT. Eastern Repiwentotife, Room 1903. 52 Vaodeifailt Ave., New York |
?liiiiii(ititMiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiNiitiiiiiitiiinitiiiiiiimiiiiinin
|.MiiiiiiMtiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiniiiiiiifiiiiiiiiMniiiii<itiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiii]iiu
| IMew 4x4 Ball IVIill 1
| Latest heavy pattern. For immediate delivery at a |
| SPECIAL PRICE
HALLIDIE COMPANY
I Spokane, Wash.
5 7-10 =
niiiniiiiitiii(iiiiiiiiiiiii..iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^=
^llllllItllllMllJIIIIIIIIMIIIIllllJlltltllUllllllIJIiriJIHIIIllllltllllllllllllllllllirilllllMIHIIIllllllllllllltllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllJIIIIIllllUIE
{classifiers I
I IS — 45" Akins, complete with tanks, j
| 3 — Dorr Duplex, with steel tanks.
1 Immediate delivery from Denver stock §
| THE MORSE BROS. MACHINERY & SUPPLY CO. |
1 Denver, Colorado 1
I 9-18 §
-.lltlllflllllllllltlllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllMMIIIIIIIIIIllllllMMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllltlllllllllllllllllinillllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllf;
^llllillllll[iiiiillllllllltiiiiiiiiiiiltllllllll)llllliiliiiitiiliiitiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiililiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililillllll(llllllllilllllllllllllllliliiiiiii!=
I PRACTICAL MATHEMATICS I
FOR HOME STUDY
| By CLAUDE mWTN PALMER
| 403 pp. $3.00 Fabrikoid 1
Arranged in four parts:
Arithmetic with Applications
A concise treatment of the subject with checks of
progress, degree of accuracy possible in solutions, and
contracted processes.
Geometry with Applications
Facts and principles involved in the Bolution of
geometrical problems are thoroughly discussed, bring-
ing into play the devices and methods used by prac-
tical men.
Algebra with Applications
Considers graphical methods and the application of
equations to practical problems.
Trigonometry and Logarithms
Giving many applications and emphasizing those
parts that may be applied directly to practical prob-
lems.
USE THE COUPON
MINING AND SCD3NTD3TC PRESS,
420 Market St., San Francisco
Gentlemen: Enclosed find $3.00 for which send me
one copy of Palmer "Practical Mathematics for Home
Study".
1 The MORSE BROS. MACHINERY & SUPPLY CO. I I
Denver, Colorado
9-18 |
lllllllllllllllllillltlliiliiililiuilllillllllllllllllililllllllilllilllliillllitiiiiiiiitiiiilllllilllllllllllllliiiiriiiii?
I Name
| Address
muiiiimiiiimriiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimtttiiimiiiimiitiiiiiiim
MC 7-3-20 =
52
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
Jul}' 3, 1920
POSITIONS AVAILABLE
Announcements in this column are secured through the co-opera-
tion of many of the largest mining* companies in the United States.
Advertisements under this heading will he inserted two times without
charge. Additional insertions charged at the rate of 2c. per word,
including address.
WANTED — Young man who has taken partial or full university mining
or mechanical course: preferably one who has spent his vacation period in
employment in metal or coal mine. Desirable permanent position with ad-
vancement opportunities is offered to one who is a business student and
with live commercial spirit. Applications are invited from young men
graduating this year or those who have been out one or two years. Please
give personal description, educational details, and three references. Answers
will be held strictly confidential and full information concerning position
open will be given to those whose application letters warrant it. Refer-
ences are asked to establish applicant's standing, and will not be communi-
cated with until negotiations have been opened with applicant. AddresB
PA 374, Mining and Scientific Press. 7-3
CHEMIST wanted for Western smelter: thoroughly familiar with in-
organic determinations. Give experience, references and salary expected.
Address PA 385. Mining and Scientific Press. 6-26
WANTED MINERS — Two first-class practical miners with modern ex-
perience in drilling, timbering and pumping, for gold company in Ecuador.
South America, forty-five miles from coast, altitude 2500 ft.; climate good;
salary $150 per month, commencing from date of arrival at mine to re-
turn in New York, together with traveling expenses from port of sailing
both ways, provided two years contract is completed; also board and quar-
ters furnished; knowledge of Spanish desirable: only those with best ref-
erences as to ability and character need apply. Address J. W. Mercer. 922
Equitable Bdg., Denver. Colo. 7-3
POSITIONS SECURED PROMPTLY for well qualified men in all branches
of mining and metallurgical work; 17 years established clientage with the
largest companies in the industry. Wanted immediately: zinc smelter su-
perintendent. Arkanass. S225: junior chemists, Utah. Tennessee, Illinois.
$140; flotation operator, northwest. S175; 2 cyanide shift bosses. Nevada.
$165; coal mine surveyor, Colorado, $175; mill draftsmen. Arizona. Min-
nesota, $225-$275. Apply Business Men's Clearing House. Denver. Colo. 7-3
OPENING for experienced mine foreman and shift-boss with large min-
ing company in Mexico. A knowledge of Spanish essential. Address J I
Kane. 1112 Mills Bdg.. El Paso. Texas. 7-3
-_']iiii!immim[iiPiiriiiniNi muni
iimimmiiiimmiiiiti
illliiiilnmiiiluiilli
§ Our New Catalogue of Technical Books is now 1
| ready for distribution. Write for your copy. 1
| 420 Market St. Mining and Scientific PreSS San Francisco |
nillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllltlllllllllllliliMlllltllllllilllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllF
Guaranteed Machinery
BOILERS
300 H.P. Rust Vertical Water Tube, 150 lb. pressure.
250 H.P. Heine Water Tube, 115 lb. pressure.
100 H.P. Heine Water Tube.
Horizontal Tubular Boilers, all sizes from 20 to 125 H.P,
Vertical Boilers, sizes from 20 to 40 H.P.
Locomotive Type, sizes from 10 to 25 H.P.
FEED WATER HEATERS
160 H.P. Reynolds (closed type).
100 H.P. Sims.
80 H.P. Wainright (closed type).
ENGINES
16 x 42 Allis-Corliss.
16 x 36 Allis-Corliss.
15 x 36 Hamilton -Corliss.
16 x 24 Atlas Side Crank Automatic.
14 x 20 Atlas Side Crank Automatic.
15 x 15 Armington Simms.
14 x 18 Woodbury Side Valve.
PUMPS
9 x 14 x 10 x 12 Smith-Vaile Duplex, outside packed.
10x6x12 Jeanesville Duplex, outside packed.
10 x 4 x 10 Snow Duplex, outside packed.
14x8Vj x 12 Snow duplex, piston pattern.
14xl0M> x 12 Knowles Duplex, P. & R. pattern.
16x8x10 Knowles Single, piston pattern.
14 x 10 x 10 Deane Duplex. P. & R. pattern.
2Vi>" Krogh. 4 stage, vertical centrifugal sinking pump, with 35
H.P.. vertical G. E. motor. 3 phase. 60 cycle. 440 volt.
No. 11 Cameron Sinker.
No. 9B Cameron Sinker.
No. 5 Cameron Sinker.
8" Morris Centrifugal Sand Pump, direct connected to a S x 5 Morris
twin vertical engine.
(>" Wheeler. 2' stage centrifugal, has extension base for motor.
4" Worthington Single Stage Turbine, extension motor base.
BLOWERS
16x42x36 Guild & Garrison Blowing Engine.
No. 7 Green Rotary, 67 cu. ft. per rev.
No. 6 Connersville. 57 cu. ft. per rev.
No. 5 Baker, 25 cu. ft. per rev
HOISTS
16x25 Nelsonville. double cyl., dbuble drum. Link motion.
14 x 18 Lidgerwood. single drum. Link motion.
1JS% xl5 Lidgerwood. double cyl., double drum. Link motion.
11 x 15 Gates Iron Wks., double cyl.. single drum, Link motion,
geared.
GOLD DREDGE
3% cubic foot MARION Elevator Dredge, electrically equipped with
3 phase, 60 cycle, 440 volt motors.
Write for specifications of this dredge.
This is only a partial list of equipment which we have in stock.
We can give immediate delivery on all of the above equipment.
Write Us Your Requirements
Morse Bros. Machinery & Supply Co.
DENVER, COLORADO
I PACIFIC NEW AND RE-NEWED PIPE
SAVES MONEY
= Renewed screw casing costs one-half to two-thirds less than stand-
= ard pipe. Large savings on standard pipe, fittings and valves;
1 special fittings made to order. Pacific Pipe is thoroughly tested and
= guaranteed for 150 pounds working pressure; asphaltum dipped;
= serves every purpose. Let us save you money. Write!
| PACIFIC PIPE CO., ii 3 N H F <KXfc R ckt T d
-iiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiinrinHniniiiiiMiMniiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiitiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiriitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiii
^iiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniHininiiiiiiHiniHinitiitiiiiiiiiiinitiiiiiiiiiinifiiiinininiiiiiiitiiiitiinininiiiiiiitiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^
FOR SALE
I 1 — 20" and 12"xl6" Ingersoll-Rand Air Compressor (type SB-2). =
= 084 cubic feet per minute. -
1 1 —150 H.P.. 2000 V.. 580 R.P.M., Western Electric Induction 1
| Motor, complete with starting panel, etc.
I 1 — 4.8"xl2' Air Receiver. |
1 Above unit complete with belt, pulley, etc. Excellent condition. 5
= Available in San Francisco for inspection. Can make immediate =
= delivery. =
= NITROGEN PRODUCTS COMPANY
= 90S Insurance Exchange Bldg. t San Francisco, Caf. 7-3 =}
.Iuilllllllllllllllltlltllllltilllllllllltlltllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllillll1lltlllllllltlllllllllllllllllll1llllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillli=
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
53
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
COMPRESSORS
1 — Ingersoll-Rand Compound Air Compressor, 3000
cu. It. air per minute. Direct connected to 460-hp.
Synchronous motor, complete.
1 — Nordberg Manufacturing Company Compound Air
Compressor, 1500 cu. ft. air per minute. Belted to
200-hp. Westinghouse Type "C", 3-60-440 motor,
complete.
1 — 16x10x12 Fairbanks Compound Air Compressor,
476 cu. ft. air per minute. Belted.
-10x10 Clayton single cylinder.
1 — Clayton single cylinder, 16x10 Air Compressor.
1 — Ingersoll-Rand duplex low pressure, 13x10 Air
Compressor.
PUMPS
3 — 7x8 Gould Triplex Belt Driven Pumps.
2 — 4x6 Gould Triplex Belt Driven Pumps.
1 — 4x4 Gould Triplex Belt Driven Pump.
1 — 6x7 Aldrich Triplex Belt Driven Pump.
ENGINES
1 — 100-hp. Fairbanks Type "R" vertical two cylinder
Distillate Engine, complete with outboard bear-
ing, friction clutch and air starting set.
1 — 16x24 Allis-Chalmers, two cylinder horizontal full
Diesel Heavy Duty Oil Engine, complete with start-
ing set.
MISCELLANEOUS
1 — 7} Gates Gyratory Crusher.
6 — 6x16 Allis-Chalmers Tube Mills.
3 — Model "C" Dorr Duplex Classifiers, 20J-ft. x 4J-ft.
1 — Akins Classifier.
3 — 500-kva. General Electric Transformers, 56000/
47500-440/2200 volts, outdoor type, water and air
cooled.
1 — 640 K.W. Motor Generator Set.
Lot Redwood Tanks.
1 — 15 H.P. Fairbanks Gasoline Hoist.
1 — 25 H.P. Fairbanks Gasoline Hoist.
1 — 6 H.P. Bull Dog Gasoline Hoist.
NEVADA ENGINEERING & SUPPLY COMPANY
RENO, NEVADA
lllltlllllllMlllnllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllltltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltllllinilllllllllltlllllllllllllltlllllllillillltlMIIIIIIIIU
^itiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMtiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^
I M ID IS [Ml fl f I I SERVICE IS WHAT YOU WANT \
If you grind ores or any other material
you should investigate the merits of —
tue simplest and strongest
macuine on tue market
NOTUINCj TO GET OUT OF ORDER^,
A 100% OPERATING TIME WORKS
EITHER VET OR DRY MADE IN ALL SIZES.
esiaB tf®B oBBsesoasiEB aasoissa
--< ■— iFisfflE IM1®IB£3IE ©CS©S
-' UIIIJ ■!! Ml, , ,111! : I I -
yiin i in • .ii iii mi in. in ■-
Our Portland factory is located in the heart of the
Douglas Fir Forests where the best of tank woods is
always at hand; we also make tanks from California
Redwood. Our tanks are manufactured according to
our own special process and are guaranteed to give the
most satisfactory wear. We make all kinds and all
sizes of wood tanks and can serve you promptly and
satisfactorily.
The United States government has used carload
after carload of our tanks as well as some of the
largest mines in the country. You will be pleased
with them. Get our prices and specifications.
NATIONAL TANK & PIPE CO. l 7 i?R?Ki?f ore
^iiiiliiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|[|iiitiiiiiiii[iiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiKiitiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir--
Rocks and Rock Minerals I I Economic Geology
| By L. V. PIRSSOX 1
414 Pages 3G Full Page Plates Cloth |
| Price $3.00 |
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS |
| 430 Market St., San Francisco |
nimiiiimiimiiimriiimiiiiiimiiiimimimiimiiimiii miiiiiiiiimimiiiiim iiimfiiiiiumiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiifT
By H. RIES
: 85C Pages Cloth Price $5.00 |
§ This volume is the standard treatise on Economic Geology. It is =
= divided into Two Parts: Non-Metals and Ore Deposits. §
1 Sold by |
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
430 Market St., San Francisco --.
^iiMniiiiiniiiniMiinniiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiitiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiHiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH
54
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
FOR
ALE
STEAM LOCOMOTIVE
1 — 7"x 12" 7-TON FOUR DRIV T ER SADDLE TANK "VULCAN" LOCOMOTIVE, 24" gauge, 46" wheel-
base, equipped with steam brakes, 2 — J" "Monitor" injectors, "Hammel" oil burner. No. 9 "Bulls-
eye" lubricator and 65-gal. fuel oil tank. Working pressure 165 lbs. Extra set o£ new brake shoes
and heads included.
GASOLINE LOCOMOTIVE
1 — 6-TON, MODEL BL "PLYMOUTH" GASOLLNE LOCOMOTIVE, 24" gauge, with 5"x 6", four-
cylinder, 50 H.P. "Pittsburgh Model" engine, friction disc and roller chain transmission, brakes on
all four wheels, "WestinghouEe" two-inch starting and lighting system, "Bosch" magneto, "Strom-
berg" carburetor, and 25-gal. gasoline tank. Speed 0-10 miles per hour; drawbar pull, 2400 lbs.
at 5 miles per hour, or 1200 lbs. at 10 miles per hour; wheelbase 46i"; length over all 144";
height over all 78"; width over all 56".
STEAM SHOVEL
1 — "MARION" MODEL 28 REVOLVING STEAM SHOVEL, with %-yd. dipper and traction wheels.
Working weight about 183 T.; length of boom 16' 6"; length of dipper handle 11' 6"; type of
boiler, vertical; size of boiler 42"x 96"; working pressure 125 lbs.; size of engines: hoisting 5}x6",
crowding 4*x5", rotating 4ix5"; capacity of water tank 200 gals.; width over traction wheels
8' 3"; diameter of traction wheels 33". Boiler has just been retubed. Two extra sets of dipper
teeth and four new rotating rollers included.
MISCELLANEOUS
850 New Fish Plates for 20-lb. rails.
15 kegs (about 3000 lbs.) New a"x3%" Track Spikes.
2 kegs (about 370 lbs.) New}£"x2" Track Bolts with square nuts.
1400 Second-hand "Koppel" Pressed Steel Ties for 24" gauge track, 32" long, 5" wide, % " deep.
BUTTRESS & McCLELLAN,
20S-207 IV.
MACHINERY DEALERS
LOS ANGELES STREET, ....
LOS ANGELES. CAL.
-'II ' ' Ii ■ I IM'i'
illinium^ ^■■IIIMIMlllllllllllllllllflllllllllltlltlllllllllltllfllMIIIMIllllllllllllllllllltllllilltlllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllltinillllllllllllllillie
| Structural Steel 1
| We have over two thousand tons of Structural Steel of
| all shapes and dimensions. This is secured from mill
| buildings we are dismantling.
| Write or wire us your requirements.
| We have one item of 200 tons of 24" 100 lb. I Beams
| in 50 to 5 5 foot lengths. A large number of columns,
| girders, channels, I beams, angles, etc.
| 20 Complete Steel Buildings
1 The MORSE BROS. MACHINERY & SUPPLY CO.
= Denver, Colorado
iiiiiMiiiiiiiimiiMiiiii.T
^imiimmmmimmiiiiiimmimiiimmm mmmmmimiiiiiimii mmiiJiiimmmmmmmmmiiimmmmmmmiih
5 aiiiiiimiii immiiimnmiii > iimum minium imnmi im i mi immitimimmiK:
1 COLBURN FLOTATION & ENGINEERING CO. j [
- Consulting, Mining and Metallurgical Engineers | |
| AGENTS FOR § |
l COLBDRN YACUUM FLOTATION PROCESS I I
I Mill Tests by Flotation and Cyanide | |
| S3 STEVENSON ST., SAN FRANCISCO | |
^miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiriiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii(iiiiiiiii3
iiimmmmmmmmmiiimii
SILVER PLATED COPPER AMALGAM PLATES
FOB SAVING GOLD
Most extensive and successful manufacturers.
Old plates replated — made equal te new.
SAN FRANCISCO PLATING WORKS
1349-51 Miuoo St., San Francisco E. G. DENNISTON, Prop.
Get our prices. Catalog" sent
Telephone: Market 2916
iiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiriiimiiiiifiiiiiHiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiuiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiKiiiiii
Julv ;:. L920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
55
Send -for
Bulletin 180-A
JACKSOH ROTARY
COMPRESSOR
Is "Every Mines' Compressor" from
prospect to the largest developed property.
You can't carry a Jackson Rotary
Compressor around in your pocket, but
you can do the next thing to it.
It is so compact, that it can be lower-
ed down the smallest shaft.
It is 'light enough to be readily
portable; it is self-contained, of course.
Whether underground or on the sur-
face, the Jackson Rotary is one of the
mojt effective, useful appliances made for
mining operations.
Send for Bulletin 1 80- A
THE JACKSON COMPRESSOR CO.,
233 So, Cherokee St., Denver, Colo.
^■nittiiiHiiriiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiilhltliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitlilllliilliiiiiiiiiii
miiimiiiiiiniiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiumiM iliiilliililllllliiiliiiiiiiiilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllililliltiliiiiiiiiiiiiitlllllllllllllllflllllllllllllillllltlllllllllliiilillllHlllllllllllllflllllllllK
STATIONARY
120 to 3300 B.H.fi
MARINE
600 •«> 3000 SHAFT H.K
AMERICAN
DESIGNERS $ BUILDERS
OF
DIESEL, ENGINES
SINCE 1095
BUSCH-SULZER EROS.-DIESEL ENGINE CO.
ST. LOUIS, U.S.A.
NEW YORK
M» 60 BROADWAY.
SAX ntANCISCO
RIALTO BITIL.DINO.
!l>iiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitillllllllltill<'lliiiiiiitiiiiiillliillllltililiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiillilllilltllllllllllllllllliiliiiiiiliiiiililiiitiiiriu
| AMERICAN CAST IRON F»IF»E COMPANY l
MANUFACTURERS OF
ziijiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiim iiiiMiimiiiiiiimimmii
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMllllllltlllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllNllllllij
BIRMINGHAM, ALA. i
SALES OFFICES: _. . . I
= Birmingham, Ala.— Box 908. Chicago, HI.— 5 1 2 I jl Nut. Bk. Bl dg =
I CoInmbiB. Ohio— 607 New Hayden Bldg. DaUiu, fre*.— 1217 Praetorian Bldg. 5
I Minneapolis, Minn.— 712 Plymoth Bldg. Kansas City, Mo.— 716 Scanitt Bldg. =
1 New York City— No. I Broadway San Francisco, Cal.— 71 1 BalboaBldg. 1
Los Angeles, Cal.— 339 Citizens' National Bank Bldg. =
niimmmimmimiimimimmimimmiHiiii m nniiiiii in minimi iiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiin
siiimiiiimiiiiimimni iiiimmimimiihiimtmiimimiiiimimtmmiiiiimimmiiimi
| /UFK/N
| Backed by a record of 25 Tears
5 of dependable service
Measuring*-
Tapes and
Rules
CATALOG ON request Saginaw,
-llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
riiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiririiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiriiiiiiriiniiiiriiiiiititiiiiiiiiii
ijiiiimiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiitiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiii
FRENIER'S SAND PUMP I
THE MOST DURABLE) FOR |
SLIMES, TAILINGS, BATTERY SANDS, Etc. |
AGENTS
Allis-Chalmers Co. Steams-Roger Mfg. Co.- =
Milwaukee, Wis, Denver Colo. =
Harron, Rickard & McCone, San Prancieco =
Prank R. Perrot. Sydney and Perth. Australia =
FRENIER & SON, RUTLAND, Vt. |
ii it m ii mil ntn ii ii in ii ii iimif iiiinm iimne
iiiiiiiiHimiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini£
| "Mechanize Underground" with the 1
a practical mucking machine |
| Lake Superior Loader Cp. DulutK, Minn. I
^iiiiiniiiiiiiiiniiiiMiiiitiiiiiiiiniiinnninnNiuiiiihiHiiinuiiinniiiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiMiii.iiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHMiiii^
56
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Jul}- 3, 1920
UNWATERING PUMPS INCLINE or VERTICAL
To meet any condition of capacity or head.
Self-contained, provided with extra large water-
cooled thrust bearing, driving shaft being car-
ried through this bearing, and connected by a
solid coupling to a motor, so that thrust of
rotor is also taken up.
Pump is multi-stage, with solid or split casing
as preferred. Ball-bearing motor with spatter-
proof hood. Submit your problems to our
engineering department.
Ask for catalogue No. 71.
BYRON JACKSON IRON WORKS l^F^cisco
LONG YEAR
a
A Drill for Every Purpose"
Write for Prices and Catalogs
EFFICIENT
ECONOMICAL
Made in all sizes
750 to 5000 feet
to 2-inch cores
E. eJ. LONGYEAR COMPANY
Branch Office, Tucaon, Arizona MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
57
iiiimimminiMii
iiiiiiiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiUjiii iiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiii in
iiimiminiii iiiiiiiiiihiiii^
The Dow Chemical Company --t--*-^.
Sm midland, micmioan.u.i.a < ~^-^3-^* : -
J«.r.u»ry 19th 1920
■ortitrcn Lubricated Plus Cock*.
a. C. whita
The Merrill Co.
131 Seoond Street,
San Frar.ciaco, Gal.
Gentleman:
In conformity with my letter of Nov 19th 1919
and your reply of Not 34th 1919 beg to aubmlt the f oil. lowing
report on one of your 2" plug oooke Installed on one of
our etrong Sulphuric Aold linee.
Installed 11-21-19 open
Closed
Opened
(Closed)
(Opened)
Closed
Opened
Closed
11-31-19
13-3—19
8" wrench
1-1-20
1-16-20 10"
1-17-20 10
uelng lstlok of lubricant &
10" wrenoh.
10" wrench
You will note that only once since the installation
of this oook have we needed to put lubricant into it to nake
work. We are very muoh pleased with the results we have
had go fax with this oook as any other kind of valve we
have used had to be moved at least once in 24 hours to keep
It free, or at least to be positively sure it would work
when wanted.
fould it be possible for you to furnish ub with
a lubricant that will stand 180 degrees Cent.? We have one
other plaoa where we would like to try one of theee oooka
but the material passing thru the line frequently rises to
the above mentioned temperature.
Kindly let the niter hear from you at your early
convenience.
Calcium-Magnesium Products Div.
■it
'Any other kind''
of valve caused some trouble for the
Dow Chemical Company—
But the
Nordstrom
PLUG VALVE quickly demonstrated
its superiority.
No matter how corrosive the solution,
the MERCO Nordstrom valve always
turns easily and smoothly.
IT IT
CAN'T WON'T
STICK LEAK
SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE AND STATE
OUTLINE OF YOUR WORKING CONDITIONS.
THE MERRILL COMPANY
121 SECOND STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO
Chicago Office: JUonadtiock Bldg.
PLEASE SEND ORDERS TO OUR NEAREST OFFICE
~ ■ ■ ■ i 1 1 ■ i ■ r r 1 1 ■ t j c ■ l ■ q e i ■ ■ , i ■ ■ t ■ r ■ i ■ j ■ 4 ■ ■ i ■ t ■ r ■ 1 1 1 ■ 3 . j ■ ■ i ■ t ■ i ■ i ■ j ■ ■ ■ i . ■ ■ ■ r ■ i ■ h ■ I ■ i ■ 1 1 1 1 1 ■ ■ r j t ■ t ■ i ■ 1 1 , ■ i ■ 1 1 3 ■ ■ b ■ t ■ 1 1 1 ■ I u l j 1 1 1 3 i [ ■ ^ i e h ■ i c , r i J ■ 1 1 1 ■ i ■ ■ e ■ t ■ i ■ 1 ■ i , 1 1 ■ b ■ i ■ a ■ , ■ ■ r ■ r 1 1 ■ j t ■ e ■ i ■ j ■ i ■ ■ j ■ ■ ■ ■ k ■ i ■ 1 1 ■ i ■ 1 1 1 r i r I ■ ] I ■ i ■ , 1 1 ■ 1 1 ■ 1 1 r ■ d ■ ■ c ■ t ■ t ■ , ■ ■ e ■ i ■ i ■ ■ ■ ■ t ■ q ■ ■ ■ ■ r ■ 1 1 J * ■ h ■ r i r-
P ELTON
!i() foot head PELTON Turbine connected through speed, increasing gears to
11G ft. head PELTON Pump.
WATER POWER
FOR PUMPING
Very satisfactory savings
can be made in pumping
costs by the installation ot
all-hydraulic pumping equip-
ment.
First costs are kept at the
lowest point as only one
power unit is necessary. The
water wheel or turbine de-
velops the power and trans-
mits it direct to the pump
shaft. Operating costs are
practically zero as there are
no power nor fuel bills to
pay.
The maximum amount of
water can be pumped. Xo
loss occurs between the
power unit and the pump.
Both are designed to oper-
ate with high individual effi-
ciency. When speed changes
are necessary, high efficiency
gears are installed to pro-
vide proper ratios with very
small losses of power.
Lei us give you details.
THE PELTON WATER
WHEEL COMPANY
1986 Harrison St., San Francisco, Cal.
86 West St., New York, N. Y.
58
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Practical Oil Geology
By DORSET HAGEB
THIRD EDITION, 1919
Flexible Fabrikoid
253 pp.
7%x5
Price
$3.00
This new edition, with consider-
able new material added, contains
the following chapter headings:
1 — Origin and Accumulation of
Petroleum
3 — Physical and Chemical Prop-
erties
3 — Stratigraphy
4 — Structural Geology
5— Prospecting and Mapping
6 — Locating Drill-Hole Sites
7 — Oil Well Drilling
8 — Oil Production
9 — Water
10 — Natural and Casinghead Gas
11 — Oil Shales
12 — Geological Field Methods and
Instruments in Use
13 — Cautions
THE APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY
TO OIL FIELD PROBLEMS
USE THE COUPON
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS,
420 Market Street, San Francisco
Gentlemen: Please send me one copy of "Practical
Oil Geology" by Hager, for which I am enclosing $3.00.
Name
Address
It is understood if the book should prove unsatis-
factory, I am at liberty to return it within ten days
and refund wHl be made of the purchase price.
Mc 7-3.20
Waterbury Wire Rope of iron, crucible
cast steel, extra crucible cast steel and im-
proved plow steel is made in all lays and
standard sizes. Let us help you to select
the right rope for your work, so that
satisfactory sendee will be doubly sure.
Waterbury quality in even 7 grade is with-
out a superior.
1 60,000 buy-
ers of rope
are using the
Wa terbury
Rope Hand-
book as a
guide. A copy
will be sent on
request.
WATERBURY COMPANY
S3 PARK ROW, NEW YORK
Makers of Wire, Armored, Fibre, and Fibre-
clad Rope, also Music Wire
CHICAGO 609-613 North La Salle St.
SAN FRANCISCO 151-161 Main St.
NEW ORLEANS 1018 Maison Blanche Bldg.
DALLAS, TEX A. T. Powell & Co.
2371-W
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
59
t A xl
»* e
&>
&
*<* &
«6
S^Vo***
, S 6-
Wk
€%p-\*^
&* ;.„^
<&*
•**S*
■&v
%&&(&&
C°-
*-*>&*".
^^ Uitl ^\
SM00TH-0H
I have found nothing to equal
SMOOTH-ON for leaky steam-pipe
joints. It does the trick every time.
Robt. Tomlinson,
MacFadden Sanatarium,
Battle Creek, Mich.
We *av e h J ^~*^ =S=a===== ^^
5tf s to
Geo.
shi Pi
4 "eila
aser
s otn e
Song
very
your
in-
m > Xe^'lH
■Seaia.
ud
«, because of its sfreng#v
iougimess and tfextbiitfy,
if ts safe and durable
because of its
durability \t is
economical
cA £escKei\ & SorvS
*Ropc Company
Sf. CouiS.ltVo
TlotOlJopK' Ctvicaoo "OetuJcr
Salt (atie Othj 5a.tv 'JranciscO
ni
"ILL iSlSYlIJUQI^ SPUR ^
M
DRIVES
SPEED REDUCERS
iWORM
BEVEL GEARS
FAWCUS MACHINE CO. PITTSBURGH, PA.
lUumiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiritiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH
Jigs, Screens, Sand and Slime
Tables, Classifiers, Automatic
Ore Feeders, Etc.
Manufactured by |
JAMES ORE CONCENTRATOR CO. |
35 Runyon Street Newark, N. J. |
^niMiiiiMiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirii?
Hundreds of Letters
Like These —
have been coming in for 24 years. They come
from big engineers and business men, who are glad
to let us know their appreciation of
SMOOTH-ON IRON CEMENTS
Many of these letters are instructive to any man
interested in plant operation, since they tell in de-
tail how to save time and money on repair work.
The best of them have been collected into a big
free instruction book which will be sent to you
on request.
Write for your copy now.
SMOOTH-ON MANUFACTURING CO.
570-574 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City, N. J., U S. A.
Chicago Office:
221 N. Jefferson St.
San Francisco Office:
56 Sacramento St.
uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiitiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiu
aiiKiiiiiiJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiiiimiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiJifiiimfiiifi.
60
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
Simple Practicable ■ Economical
Type 1-B Callow Screen without hous-
ing is adapted for coarse screening, large
capacities and heavy duty. The feed soles,
undersize hoppers and undersize gutters
have increased slopes, are lined with re-
newable liners, and are capable of taking
care of large quantities of feed without
banking. You'll find satisfaction in a
Callow Traveling Belt Screen
If the mill water in your district is charged with acid which eats out im-
portant parts of your screening machines, we'll submit designs for your ap-
proval, on a cast iron Callow Screen that is acid proof.
Bulletin 100 contains information of interest to you — it will help solve your
screening problems. Write for it.
THE GALIGHE/R A\ACHIN£>RYCO
IOI WEST 2ND SOUTH (DOOLY BLOCK)
SALT LAKE CITY
The ELSOL
DRY CONCENTRATOR
Handles all Dry Ores Successfully
For working all kinds of Concentrating Ores in Quartz or Placer.
Saves the fines as well as the coarse. No dust. Utmost simplicity.
Write for Catalog B
ELSOL CONCENTRATING COMPANY
423 Wesley Roberts Bids.. Los Angeles, CI.
The
Company
Manufacturers of
FLOTATION OILS
Barrett Nos. 4, 609, 633, 634, 635
and
Alpha-Napthylamine Xylidin
( Crude and Refined) (Crude and Refined)
Ortho-Toluidine
or combinations of the above
17 Battery Place
New York City
Salt Lake City
Utah
atlHulluimi mil mmmi iliiliiimmiiiniiMiilliiliiimiiirimmiimmmmiimifimmmiil iimimiiilinmiilili
I'i'iiMii Hinm imiiiiiiiiiiMHM milium in miniiimiimm imimmmimimmiiiiiiimiiiimj
MANUFACTURING
"SUNNY SOUTH"
| Flotation Oils ]
Six Standard Pure Oils From Pine
I FLORIDA WOOD PRODUCTS CO., Jacksonville, Florida j
iiiiiiuiuimmmiiiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiiiii iiiinii nitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiuiimHiiiiiiiitiiKii e >
Simmmmiiiiiiiiimmimiimmmmm.iimmmiiiiimmmiii. itiiiiiiiitiiJiumitiuiiiiriiitniliuuillM iM.111.m1111111UHi.115
FLOTATION)
1 PINE TAR OH.
I PURE PINE OIL
Get Oar Priest
OIL
HARDWOOD CREOSOTE 1
COAL TAR CREOSOTE %
SampUl Graf*, i
I UNITED NAVAL STORES CO., new YORK I
■llMIMIIIl[lllllll]|l1tllll1llll[lllll!IIM[lllllll]|lllMfllllllll!llMllllMtllllllllMIMrlllllllMMIIIIIIIIMIllllll!llllllll|[1llllllil[llltllllHUIUIIItlM»
Jnlv !. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
61
Electric Hot Plates
and Renewal Parts
£ Jmfy
T
-P»
-wGbbd 1 BHB9B
-
"■^■"■fl
HUH
^^MM^fi
^^T
FOR JMMED/ATE SHIPMENT
The Denver Fire Clay Co
SALT LAKE CITY
NEW YORK CITY
DENVER, COLORADO, U. S. A.
ijiiiiiiiiinmimiimimiinimii iiiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiliiiii(iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiuiltillliiliiiiiiiiL :
Screens while it grind* |
Simplest Cheapest §
Best |
NEW STEEL 1
BALL MILLS |
Interchangeable peripheral =
or end discharge =
Wet or dry |
Pat. March 23, 1916 |
10 tons to 40 slot... S 550 1
2D " " " " ... 750 |
40 ' 1000 1
TO ■ " ... 1500 |
110 2000 |
3 ton laboratory Iran =
mill (175 |
Repeat orders shew merit 1
J JOHN HERMAN, 339 S. L. A., LOS ANGELES, CAL. §
lllllNIIHII IMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIItlMIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIItllimilllllllllllllllllllllKli?
IUII!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lll>2
FLOTATION)
PURE PINE OIL PINE TAR OIL
HARDWOOD AND COAL TAR CREOSOTE |
Write tor new BooHant
General Neva! Store. Co, 90 West Street, New York j
iiiiiiitiiiiiiHiiiiHin iiiiiiiiitiimiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiimi mi;
liliniiiiiiiHH iiiiiiiiniiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii minimi MMMiiiiiimMimmimmiiiiiiMMiiiMMH
PINE
FLOTATION OILS
Pensacola Tar & Turpentine Company
F. E. MARINER, Puna.
iiiiHiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiii i
Gtjll Podit, Fla. I
IIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIllllllllllMIIIIIMIIIIIIINIllllllMllltllrr
Save Haulage Money
Many dollars leak away between mine,
quarry or pit and railroad, mill or fac-
tory because of costly or complicated
haulage systems.
B & B Aerial Tramways
mean simpler equipment, lessened labor,
steadier output, lower upkeep, minimum
repairs.
Catalog 45 will interest you. Get it.
BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO.
New York
t?
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3. 1920
HATES: One-half inch, tts per year, subscription included. Combination rate with The ifinino Magazine (London) one-hcdj inch in each, tttOpervear, wbecription included i
■MrnituiimmiimHmiminmMniiiliimiminniMiuniuiiiiiiminjnNnmn^ I
ABRAHAMSON, Hjalmar
PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST AND ENGINEER
Specialty. Texas Geology and Appraisals
802 Texas State Bank Bdg., Port Worth, Tex.
ADUICKS, Lawrence
CONSULTING ENGINEER
61 Maiden Lane. New York City
Cable- Galie, New York
BEAM, A. Mills
METALLURGICAL AND CONSULTING
ENGINEER
807 Central Savings Bank Bdg..
Denver. Colorado
BEATTY, A. Chester
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
25 Broad St., New York
No professional work entertained
Cable: Granitic
Burch, Hershey & White
BUROH, Albert
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Crocker Bdtr . San Francisco
Cable: Burch Usual Codes
BURCH, H. Kenyon
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Copper Queen Branch
Bisbee. Arizona
AGUILAR-REVOREDO, J. P.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
■lamination, valuation and development of
mines in Bolivia
Casilla 178. Oruro. Bolivia
Hamilton. Beauchamp. Woodworth. Inc.
BEAtFCHAMP, P. A.
METALLURGIST
Specialty: Flotation
410 Embarcadero, San Francisco
BURGER, C. C.
MINING ENGINEER
71 Broadway, New York
ALD RIDGE, Walter H.
MIXING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
BO East 42nd St.. New York
BELL, J. Mackintosh
MINING ENGINEER AND GEOLOGIST
Office with Messrs. Bain. Bicknell & Co. Lums-
den Bdg.. Toronto. Can. London Address %
Bk. of New Zealand. 1. Queen Victoria St.. B.C.
CARPENTER, Alvin B.
MINING ENGINEER
Citizens National Bank Bag.. Lob Angela*
ANDERSON ENG. CO., G. E.
GEOLOGISTS
Petroleum and Metals
417 Burton Bdg., Forth Worth, Texas
BELLINGER, H. C.
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
% Chile Exploration Co.,
120 Broadway, New York
CHANCE & CO., H. M.
COAL MINING ENGINEERS
839 Drexel Bdg.. Philadelphia
ARGALL & SONS, Philip
MINING AND METALLURGICAL
ENGINEERS
First National Bank Bdg.. Denver
Cable: Argall Code : Bedford McNeill
BENEDICT, William de L.
MINING ENGINEER
19 Cedar St., New York
CHANNTNG, J. Parke
CONSULTING ENGINEER
61 Broadway, New York
ARNOLD, Ralph
GEOLOGIST AND PETROLEUM ENGINEER
Union Oil Bdg.. Lob Angeles, Cal.
120 Broadway, New York
Cable: Ralfamoil Code: Bedford McNeil]
BLANKINSHD?, J. W., Ph.D.
CONSULTING PLANT -PATHOLOGIST
Specialty: Smoke and Other Industrial Injury
to Vegetation. 14 years experience in America
and Europe. 2625 Hilgard Ave.. Berkeley. Cal.
CHASE, Charles A.
MINING ENGINEER
825-826 Cooper Bdg.. Denver
Liberty Bell G. M. Co., Telluride. Colo.
B. C. Austin G. E. Gamble W. V. Wilson
AUSTIN, WILSON & GAMBLE
MINING ENGINEERS
Chronicle Bdg., San Francisco
Cable- Austin Usual Codes
BOISE, Charles W.
MINING ENGINEER
Foreign Exploration
Room 1507. 14 Wall Street.. New York
Cable : Mukeba
CHASE, E. E. and R. L.
MINING AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERS
207 Colorado Nat. Bk. Bid*..
Denver, Colo.
BALL, Sydney H.
MINING GEOLOGIST
42 Broadway, New York
Oable: Alhasters Rogers, Mayer & Ball
BOSQUI,
Francis L.
METALLURGICAL
ENGINEER
90 WeBt St
64 New Broad St..
New York
London. B.C.
COHEN, Samuel W.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEEB
Dominion Express Bdg.. Montreal, Canada
BANCROFT, Howland
CONSULTING MINING GEOLOGIST
408 Crocker Bdg., San Francisco
Caailla No. 216, Oruro. Bolivia
Cable : Ho w ban Code : Bedford McNeill
BARKER
Edgar
E.
MINING
ENGINEER
Morococha.
Peru
BARLING, H. B.
MINING
ENGINEER
7 and 9 Hanover St.,
Marquette.Mich.
New York
Code
McNeill
BRAYTON, Corey C.
MINING ENGINEER
2937 Magnolia Ave.. Berkeley. Cal.
BRODBE, Walter M.
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
47 Cedar St.. New York
BROWN, R. Gilman
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Pinners Hall. London, B.C. 2
Cable: Argeby Usual Codes
COLLBRAN, Arthur H.
- MINING ENGINEER
Seoul, Korea
COLLINS, Edwin James
MINING ENGINEER
Mint Examinations and Management
1008-1009 Torrey Bdg., Duluth, Minn.
COLLINS, George E.
MINING ENGINEER
Mine Examinations and Management
414 Boston Bdg.. Denver
Cable: Colcomac
BATTEN,
H. L.
MINING ENGINEER
616 Pender St. W.
Vancouver.
B
c.
BROWNE, Spencer Cochrane
MINING ENGINEER
118 West 57th Street. New York
Cable: Spenbrowne. New York
COLLINS, Henry P.
MINING AND METALLURGIC.iL ENGINEERS
66 Finsbury Pavement. London. E C.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
63
COLLINS, W. P.
CONSULTING MINING & METALLURGICAL
ENGINEER
Cable: Collins. P.-kink- Peking. China
SUE, J. A.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
La Salle. Illinois
GARREY, George H.
CONSULTING MINING GEOLOGIST AND
ENGINEER
Bullitt Bdg.. Philadelphia. Pa.
CRANSTON, Robert K.
MINING ENGINEER
1213 Hobart Bdg.. 682 Market St.
Ban Francisco 2 Rector St.. New York
Cable: Reerans
Code: McNeill 1908
ELFTMAN, A. H.
MINING GEOLOGIST AND ENGINEER
icon Hobart Bdg.
San Francisco. Cal
408 State Bank Bog.
Tonopah. Nevada
GEPPERT, Richard M.
MINING ENGINEER
2200 27th Ave.. South.
Minneapolis, Minn.
DARLING, Harry W.
Field Engineer for Crown Reserve M. Co., Ltd.
30 North Chapel St.. Alhambra. Cal.
H. W. Evans J. C. Ballagh
EVANS & RALLAGH
MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS
P. O. Box 1155. El Paso. Texas
GOSROW, R. C.
ELECTROMETALLURGIST
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
Specialty: Electric Furnaces
701 Claus Sprcckles Bdg., San Francisco. Cal.
DAVIS, Leverett
MINING ENGINEER
Examination, Development. Management
011 Foster Bdg.. Denver. Colo.
EYE, Clyde M.
MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
% Wells Fargo Nevada Nat. Bank,
San Francisco, Cal.
Cable: Eyecon Codes: Western Union
GRANT,
Wilbur
H.
GEOLOGIC AND
MINING
ENGINEER
1213
Hobart Bdg., 582 Market St.,
San
Francisco
Code
Bedford McNeill
DEFTY, W. E.
MINING ENGINEER
818 North Third Avenue
Phoenix, Arizona
FARISH, C. S. T.
MINING ENGINEER
Casapalca, Peru
e /e Sac Min. Backus y Johnston del Peru
GREENAN, James O.
MINING ENGINEER
Mina. Nevada
DEL MAR, Algernon
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
Specialty. Mill Operation and Construction
1424 Alpha St., Los Angeles
DENNIS, Clifford G.
MINING ENGINEER
Crocker Bdg., San Francisco
Cable : Sinned Code : McNeill
DEWEY, STRONG & TOWNSEND
PATENT ATTORNEYS
Crocker Bdg., San Francisco
DICKERMAN,
Nelson
MINING ENGINEER
The Insurance Exchange
San
PranciBco
Cable: Deernodor
3ode:
McNeill 1908
DOLBEAR, Samuel H.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
1415 Merchants National Bank Bdg.,
San Francisco
DORR COMPANY, THE
John V. N. Dorr, President
HYDROMETALLURGICAL AND WET CHEM-
ICAL ENGINEERS
Denver New York London. E.C.
DUDLEY, H. C.
MDNING ENGINEER
704 Lonsdale Bdg;., Duluth. Minn.
Lindsay Duncan Curtis Lindley, Jr.
DUNCAN & LINDLEY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FOR MINES
AND MILLS
849 Mills Bdg.. San Francisco
DWIGHT, Arthur S.
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
29 Broadway, New York
Cable: Sinterer
Code: McNeill: Miners & Smelters
EASTON, Stanly A.
MINING ENGINEER
Manager Bunker Hill St Sullivan Mining &
Concentrating Co., Kellogg, Idaho
PARISH, George E.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
v'iret National Bank Bdg., San Francisco
25 Broad St., New York
PARISH, John B.
MINING ENGINEER
Office. 58 Sutter St.. San Francisco
Apt. 608 Stanford Court. San Francisco
Cable: Farish
Rowland King Chas. Mailhot
PASSETT COMPANY, Inc., The C. M.
MINING & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS
ASSAYERS & CHEMISTS
209 Wall St., Spokane, Wash.
FEAGLES, R. L.
MECHANICAL AND METALLURGICAL
ENGINEER
Deister Machine Company
Fort Wayne. Ind.
PINLAY, J. R.
MINING ENGINEER
Room 1410, 170 Broadway New York
PITCH COMPANY, Walter Jr.
SHAFT AND TUNNEL CONTRACTORS
Eureka, Utah
FISHER & LOWRLE
CONSULTING GEOLS. AND FUEL ENGRS.
1st Nat. Bk. Bdg., Denver. 423 Broad St., New
York. 826 Great Southern Bdg., Dallas, Tex.
Cable: Calfishoil Usual Codes
FOWLER, Samuel S.
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
Nelson, British Columbia
Cable: Fowler Usual Codes
FREITAG & AINSWORTH
DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTING ENGRS.
Mine and Metallurgical Plant Design and
Construction
1209 Hobart Bdg.. San Francisco
GAHL,
Rudolf
CONSULTING
METALLURGIST
804
Equitable Bdg.,
Denver,
Colo.
David X, Greenberg Frank A. Humphrey
GREENBERG & HUMPHREY
EFFICIENCY ENGINEERS
Kingman, Arizona
Mine Reports and Examinations
GREENOUGH, W. Earl
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
Old National Bank Bdg.. Spokane, Wash
HAMILTON. E. M.
METALLURGIST
Specialty: Cyaniding Gold and Silver Ore*
419 The Embarcadero. San Francisco
HANSON. Henry
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
Specialty, Gold and Silver Ores
Plant Design and Construction
Hobart Bdg-., San Francisco. Cal
HAWXHURST, Robert, Jr.
MINING ENGINEER
234 Holbrook Building.
68 Sutter St., San Francisco. Cal.
Cable: Hawxhurst
Burch, Hershey & White
HERSHEY, Oscar H.
CONSULTING MINING GEOLOGIST
Crocker Bdg., San Francisco
Cable : Herahey Code : McNeill
HILLS,
Victor
G.
MINING ENGINEER
312 McPhee
Bdg..
Denver,
Colo.
HOFFMAN, John D.
MINING ENGINEER
1, London Wall Buildings, London E.C. 2
Usual Codes
HOFFMANN, Karl F.
MINING ENGINEER
% General Development Co.,
Code: McNeill 1908 61 Broadway. New Yorl
HOFFMANN, Ross R.
MINING ENGINEER
228 Ferry St., Oakland, Cal
Cable: Siberhof
MOLLIS, H. L.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
AND METALLURGIST
1025 Peoples Gas Bdg., Chicago
64
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
HOOVER, Herbert
MINING ENGINEER
120 Broadway. New York
KIRK, Morris P.
MINING ENGINEER
General Manager Yellow Pine Mining Co.,
Goodspringe, Nevada
MARSHALL. N. O.
MINING ENGINEER
Andagoya. via Buenaventura. Colombia.
South America
HOOVER, Theodore J.
MINING ENGINEER
1 London Wall Bdg.. London. E.C.
and 634 Mills Bag.. San Francisco
Cable: Mildaloo
KRUMB,
Henry
MINING
ENGINEER
Felt
Bdg.. Salt
Lake
City.
Utah
MATHEWSOX, E. P.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Non-Ferrorjs Metallurgy
•12 Broadway. New York
HOLLOWAY & CO., Geo. T., Ltd.
METALLURGISTS AND METALLURGICAL
ENGINEERS
13 Emmett St., Limehouse. London. E.C.
Cable: Neolithic Code: McNeill
LAKENAN,
C. B.
MINING
ENGINEER
Ely.
Nevada
MAYREIS, L. J.
MUSING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
% Burma Mines. Ltd.,
Jamshedpur. India
HOSKIX, Arthur J.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Mining. Metallurgy. Geology. Oil Shale
Technology
401 Kittredge Bldg.. Denver. Colo.
LEHMAXX, Charles
MINING ENGINEER
Examination and Management of Properties
Casilla 1364. Santiago, Chili. S. A.
McCarthy, e. t.
MINING ENGINEER
10 Austin Friars. London
HOYLE, Charles
MINING ENGINEER
Apartado 8. El Oro. Mexico
LEVEXSALER, L. A.
MINING ENGINEER
Suite 902 Hoge Bag.. Seattle. Wash.
McDERMOTT, E. D.
MINING ENGINEER
Rakka Mines P. O. District. Singhbkom.
Chota Nagpur. India
HUSTON, H. L.
MINDNG ENGINEER
207 Alaska Commercial Bdg.. San Francisco
Cable: Haruston
LEWIS
, H. Allman
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Cochabamba,
Bolivia
The Berenguela Tin Mines
Ltd..
Turn
logenio, Potosi
Code: McNeill 1908
McGregor, a. g.
ENGINEER
Design of Metallurgical Plant*
Warren. Arizona
HUTCHiXS,
John Power
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
Room
3700, 120 Broadway.
New York
LLOYD, R. L.
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
Specialty: Pyro-Metallurgy of Copper and As-
sociated Metals. 30 Broadway. New York
Cable : Ricloy Code: McNeill
MEI>\ William Wallace
MINING ENGINEER
43 Exchange Place. New York
Cable: Mein. New York
Dudley J. Inskipp
John
A. Bevan
EVSEIPP & BEVAN
MINING ENGINEERS
1 Broad St. Place. London.
Cable: Monazite
E.C.
Usual Codes
Bewick, Moreing & Co.
LORIXG, E. A.
MINING ENGINEER
62 London Wall, London. E.C. 2
Cable : Ringlo Usual Codes
MERCER, John W.
MINING ENGINEER
General Manager South American Mines Co,
Mills Bdg.. Broad St.. New York
JAXEV, Charles
MINING ENGINEER
T16 Kohl Bdg
San
Francisco
Cable
Charjan
Code:
McNeill
JEXKS, Arthur W.
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
2601 Hillegass Ave.. Berkeley, Cal.
LORTXG,
Frank
C.
MINING
ENGINEER
Sun Life Bdg.. Toronto.
Ontario.
Canada
Bewick. Moreing & Co.
LORING, W. J. MINING ENGINEER
62. London Wall. London, and
614 Crocker Bdg., San Francisco. Cal.
Cable: Wantoness Usual Codes
MERRILL, Charles W.
METALLURGIST
121 Second St., San Francisco
Cable : Lurco Code : Bedford McNeill
MERRILL COMPANY, THE
ENGINEERS
121 Second St.. San Francisco
Cable : Lurco Usual Code*
JTJLLAN, E. A.
MINING ENGINEER
Goldneld Consolidated Mines Exploration Co.
Crocker Bdg.. San Francisco. Cal.
KEEXE, Amor F.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
233 Broadway, New York.
Cable Address: Kamor. New York
E. H Kennard E. C. Bierce
REWARD & BIERCE
MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGRS
Mill Design and Construction. Filtration
Hollingsworth Bdg.. Los Angeles. Cal
RTXZIE, Robert A.
MINING ENGINEER
EllSt National Bank Bdg.. San Francisco
KIRBY, Edmund B.
MINING ENGINEER AND METALLURGIST
918 Security Bdg., St. Louis
Specialty: The expert examination of mines
and metallurgical enterprise*
LONGYEAR COMPANY, E. J.
EXPLORING ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS
Diamond Drilling and Shaft Sinking
Contractors
Manufacturers of Diamond Drills and Supplies
General Office: 710-722 Security Bdg..
Minneapolis, Minn.
Cable: Longco Code: McNeill
LUCRE,
P. E.
CONSULTING
MINING ENGINEER
Avenida
Isabels
La
Catolica,
Num.
26.
Mexicc
City
LUNT, Horace F.
Commissioner of Mines for Colorado
Denver. Colo.
No professional work undertaken
MAJOR, Chas. Edward
MINING ENGINEER
P.O. Box 474. Ppeseotl. Arizona
MILLER, G. W.
MINING ENGINEER AND GEOLOGIST
The examination of mining properties for
investors a specialty
721 S. Hope St.. Los Angeles. Cal.
MILLS, Edwin W.
MIXING ENGINEER
75 Yamashita-cho,
Yokohama. Japan
Telegrams : Edmills 1
MtXARD, Frederick H.
MINING ENGINEER
21 East 40th St.. New York
Cable: Frednard Code: McNeill
MITKE, Chas. A.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
Mine Ventilation — Mining Methods
Bisbee. Arizona
MORRIS, F. L.
MINING ENGINEER
1057 Mooadnock Bdg.. San Francisco
Cable : Fredmor Code : McNeill
July 3, 1920
M Vim, Seeley W.
MINING ENGINEER
120« Hollinraworth Bdg . Los Angels*, 0*1.
MV1K, N. M.
MINING ENGINEER
1024 Mills Bdg.. San Fran&BCO
lttTNRO. C. H.
MINING ENGINEER
Ipoh. Perak, Federated Malay States
Cable: Ornum Code: McNeill
Ni;n.L, James W.
METALLURGIST AND MINING ENGINEER
159 Pierpont St.. Salt Lake City, Utah
Pasadena, Cal. Spelling. Cal.
NEWBERRY, Andrew W.
MINING ENGINEER
66 Broadway, New York
NEWMAN, M. A.
MINING ENGINEER
Union League Club, San Francisco. Cal
NOWLAND, Ralph C.
Eobart Bdr-, San Francisco
In charge Exploration Dept. of D. C. Jacklinr
PAYNE, Henry M.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
1870 Hudson Terminal.
50 Church St.. New York
Cable: Macepayne Usual Codes
PEARSE & CO., Arthur Ii.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEERS
Coal and Shale Treatment
Worcester House, Walbrook, London, E.C.
43 Exchange Place, New York
PERKINS, Walter G.
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
587 Mills Bdr., San Francisco
PICKERING, J. C.
CONSULING MINING ENGINEER
Avenida Juarez 83, Mexico City, Mexico
Cable: Keringpic
PLATE, H. Robinson
MINING ENGINEER
Examination, Development and Management
Hobart Bdg„ San Francisco. Cal
Howard Poillon C. H. Poirier
POILIiON & POIRIER
MINING ENGINEERS
83 Wall St.. New York
POMMERANTZ, K.
CONSULTING MINING ENGDJBHB
Casilla 489, Santiago da Chile
Cable: Kivapo, Santiago. Chile Code: McNeill
PRICHARD, W. A.
MINING ENGINEER
% Oroville Dredging, Limited,
Mille Bdg., San Francisco
PROBERT, Frank H.
MINING ENGINEER
University of California. Berkeley, Cal.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
PURINGTON, C. W.
MINING ENGINEER
5 Sodonsky Pereuiok, Vladivostok
8, Copthalt Ave.. London. E.C. 2
RACEY, P. W.
MINING ENGINEER
Examination ami Development of Properties
730 Granville St.. Vancouver, B. C.
Stewart. B. C.
RAY, James C.
MINING ENGINEER AND GEOLOGIST
865 Hamilton Ave.,
Palo Alto. Cal.
RICE, John A.
MINING GEOLOGIST
625 Market St., San Francisco
Robert H. Richards Charles E. Locke
RICHARDS & LOCKE
MINING ENGINEERS — ORE TESTING
Tests for design of Flow Sheets
69 Massachusetts Ave.. Cambridge, Mass.
RICHARD, Edgar
MINING ENGINEER
120 Broadway, New York
RICHARD, Forbes
MINING ENGINEER
Equitable Building, Denver
RICKETTS, L. D.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
42 Broadway, New York
RIORDAN, D. M.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Mining investigations carefully made In
responsible intending investors
525 Market St., San Francisco
HITTER, A. Etienne
MINING ENGINEER AND GEOLOGIST
Colorado Springs, Colo.
ROBERTS. Milnor
MINING ENGINEER
The Pacific Northwest
British Columbia and Alaska
University Station, Seattle, WaBh.
ROBERTSON, Jasper T.
MINING ENGINEER
1108 Hobart Bdg.. San Francisco
Code: McNeill
Allen H. Rogers Lucius W. Mayer
Sydney H. Ball
ROGERS, MAYER & BALL
MINING ENGINEERS
42 Broadway, New York
201 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.
Cable : Alhasters
ROGERS, Edwin M.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
32 Broadway, New York
Cable : Emrog Code : McNeill
ROGERS, John C.
MINING ENGINEER
Examination and Exploration of lining Prop-
erties with a view to Purchase
Copper Cliff, Ontario. Code : Bedford McNeill
65
ROYER, Frank W.
MINING ENGINEER
1213 Holltngs worth Bdg-. Lob Angele*. Cal
Cable: Royo Code: McNeill
RUTHERFORD, Forest
Consulting' Metallurgist. Ore Smelting- Con-
tracts Investigated. Smelting and Milling of
Copper and Lead Ores. Design and Construc-
tion. 120 Broadway, New York
SANDERS, A. D.
MINING ENGINEER
Reports. Consultation and Management. Spe-
cially, Manganese. Stow Bedon. Norfolk, Eng.
Codes: A. B.C., 5th Ed.: Bedford McNeill
SCHMATOLLA, E.
Chem. and Met. Eng'rs.. 217 Broadway, New
York. Designing and Building - Furnaces and
Kilns: Lime, Magnesite, CO- Plants and Gas
Producers. Exp. Lab. for Mineral Products.
SCOTT, Archibald B.
CONSULTING MINING AND
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
First National Bank Bdg., Denver, Colo.
W. H. Seagrave W. E. Dunkle
SEAGRAVE, W. H.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEERS
Ii. C. Emith Bdg., Seattle
SEARS, Stanley C.
MINING ENGINEER
Reports, Consultation and Management
705 Walker Bank Bdg., Salt Lake City, Utah
Usual Codes
SHAJLER, Millard K.
MINING GEOLOGIST AND ENGLNJOtt
66 Rue do Colonies,
Brussels. Belgium
SIMPSON, W. E.
MINING ENGINEER
Amos, Quebec, Canada
fnndicion de Los Atcob, Toluca, Max.
P. O. Box 160, Cobalt, Ontario
SIZER, F. L.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
1006 Hobart Bdg., San Francisco
SMITH, Howard D.
MINING ENGINEER
60 Broadway, New York
Cable : Diorite Code : Western Union
Franklin W. Smith Ralph A. Ziesemer
SMITH & ZIESEMER
MINING ENGINEERS
Bisbee, Ariz. Code: McNeill
SPILSBURY, P. Gybbon
MINING ENGINEER
214 O'Neill Bdg 1 ., Phoenix, Ariz.
STAVER. W. H.
MINING
ENGINEER
15 Broad St.
New York City
Cable
Revatso
STEBBINS, Elwyn W.
MINING ENGINEER
814 Mills Bdg.. San Francisco
STEVENS, Arthur W.
MINING ENGINEER
Atlanta, Idaho
66
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
STEVENS, Blarney
CONSULTING MINING ENGLNEEE
Triunio, Baja Gal., Mexico,
% S. A. de Minaa y Monies
STEWART, R. H.
aoniNG and metallurgical engineer
Yancouver Block, Vancouver. B. C.
STINES, Norman G.
MINING ENGINEER
4, Moorgate Street, London, E.C., 3
Codes: McNeill (both Editions) and Bentley'a
f '*Me: Nurmstinen. London
TURNER, Scott
1511 Bank of Hamilton Bd«.,
Toronto, Ontario. Canada
TYRRELL, J. B.
MINING ENGINEER AND GEOLOGIST
534 Confederation Life Bete.. Toronto, Canada
208 Salisbury House. London. E.C. 2. England
TYTLER, Maynard Fitzroy
Consulting, Mining & Metallurgical Engineer
% Holte Mining Co., Burgdorf. Idaho
Cable Address : McCall. Idaho Code: Bed. McN.
WICKS, Frank R.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Ore Treatment. Test Work. Plant Supervision
Office and Laboratory: 1006 South Hill St.,
Los Angeles
wtley, w. h.
MINING ENGINEER
Palm Drive, Glendora. Cat.
J. H. Devereux W. B. Devereux, Jr.
WTLKENS and DEVEREUX
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEERS
120 Broadway, N. Y. 7, Victoria Ave., London
Cable: Eenreux Code: Bedford McNeill
STRAUSS, Lester W.
ENGINEER OP
MINES
Caeilla 514, Valparaiso
Chile. S.
A.
Cable: Lestra-Valparaiso
Code
McNeill
SUMMERHAYES. Maurice W.
MINING ENGINEER
Mgr. Bluestone Mining & Smelting Co..
Mason, Nevada
SYMMES, Whitman
MINING ENGINEER
PreB. and Mgr. Con. Virginia. Ophir. Mexican,
Union Consolidated, etc.
Virginia City, Nevada
Arthur F. Taggart B. B. Yerxa
TAGGART & YERXA
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Operation and design of ore treatment plants
Laboratory. 165 Division St.. New Haven, Conn.
TALBOT COMPANY, E. W.
Contractors and Engineers
DIAMOND DRILLING CONTRACTING
1108 Hobart Bdg., San Francisco
Code: McNeill
TALMAGE, Sterling B.
MINING GEOLOGIST AND ENGINEER
Geologic Maps, Examinations, Reports
315 Judge Bdg.. Salt Lake City, Utah
TELL AM,
Alfred
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
Denver
Engineering Works
Denver. Colorado
Company
THOMSON, S. C.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
45 Exchange Place, New York *
THORNE, W. E.
MINING ENGINEER
*> Bopp Tin Ltd., P. O. Naraguta,
N. Nigeria. W. Africa
Codes: McNeill, both Editions
TITCOMB, H. A.
MINING
% A. Chester Beatty,
ENGINEER
26 Broad St.. New York
Code: Bedford McNeill
TURNER, H. W.
MINING
GEOLOGIST
Mills Bdg..
San Francisco
Gable: Latite
Code: Bedford McNeill
TURNER, J. K.
MINING ENGINEER
Goldfleld, Nevada
VAN LAW, Carlos W.
% Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corp..
120 Broadway. New York
WALLACE, H. Vincent
MINING ENGINEER
329 Central Building
Los Angeles. California
WARRINER, R. C.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
42 Exchange Place, New York
WEATHERBE, D'Arcy
MINING ENGINEER
14 Copthall Ave., London, E.C. 2
And Peking. China
Cable: Natchekoo. London
WEBBER, Morton
mill VALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT
165 Broadway, New York
O'Souke Estate Bdg., Butte. Montana
WEEKES, Frederic R.
MINING ENGINEER
233 Broadway, New York
WEIGAJLL, Arthur R.
MINING ENGINEER
•«neral Manager The Seoul Mining Co.
Tul Mi Chung (Nantei)
Whang Hai Province. Chosen (Korea)
WESTERVEI/r, William Young
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER
552 Fifth Ave.. New York
Cable : Casewest Code : McNeill
WHITE, Charles H.
CONSULTING GEOLOGIST
788 Mills Bdg., San Francisco
WHITE, J. E.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Botkin Bdg.. Santa Barbara. California
Burch. Herehey & White
WHITE, Lloyd C.
CONSULTING ENGINEER
Crocker Bdg., San Francisco
WHITMAN, Alfred R.
MINING GEOLOGIST
Underground Programmes. Orebody Problems
43 Exchange Place. New York
Haileybury. Ontario (Cobalt District)
WH3TMORE, Claude C.
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEER AND
METALLURGIST
3216 Bayard St., Butte, Montana
WEVCHELIa Horace V.
CONSULTING MINING GEOLOGIST
1212 First National-Soo Line Bdg.,
Minneapolis, Minn.
Cable : Racewin
WEVWOOD, Job H.
MINING ENGINEER
Continental Bank Bdg.. Salt Lake City. Utah
WISEMAN, Philip
MINING ENGINEER
1210 Hollingsworth Bdg.. Los Angeles
Cable: Filwiseman Codes: W. U.: McNeill
WOLF, Harry J.
MINING ENGINEER
42 Broadway. New York City
Cable : Minewolf Code : Bedford McNeill
WRIGHT, Charles Will
MINING ENGINEER
28. Via Parlamento. Rome. Italy
Code: Bentleys
WRIGHT, Lonls A.
MINING ENGINEER
Via Del Parlamento 28. Rome. Italy
Cable : Lawright. Rome Codes : Bedford McNeill
and Bentley's Complete Phrase
WROTH, James S.
MINING ENGINEER
42 Broadway, New York
Pope Yeatman Edwin S. Berry
YEATMAN & BERRY
CONSULTING MINING ENGINEERS
Examination, Development and Management
of Properties
Room 706, 111 Broadway. New York
Cable:
Ikona
Code:
Bedford McNeill
YOUNG, E. J.
CONSULTING GEOLOGIST AND ENGINEER
Offices and Laboratory
Story Bdg., Los Angeles, California. U. S. A.
Examinations and Reports on all Mineral
Deposits. Formations and Processes
of Extraction
20 years experience in the Western States,
Pacific Coast States, U. S. A., Mexico
and Central America
ZEIGLER, Victor
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEER
Examination of oil lands and mineral deposits
Geologic and structural maps
415 Empire Bdg.. Denver. Colo. ^^^^^
Julv 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
67
mimiiMiiMiiiiiiumiiMHiiiiiiiii
.Mil tlllllllllllll Hi
A Smith Hydraulic Turbine
installed in a con- [
crete scroll case, |
fulfills the re- |
quirements of
ABSOLUTE
DEPENDABILITY (
in the power and pump- §
ing equipment |
furnished the :
u. s. i
RECLAMATION SERVICE |
For SUNNTS1DE, WASH.. Plaal |
as shown in accompany- |
ing illustration I
TURBINE DEVELOPS |
214 H. P., 225 R. P. M. |
UNDER 21 FEET HEAD |
All tnnit caiily accessible for inspection and renewal,
doe to action of till at certain seasons.
Similar anil now betaf bail, lor Grand Valley Project In Colorado |
WRITE DEPT. "V" FOR BULLETIN 1
S. MORGAN SMITH C0.,«k, P a. |
CHICAGO BOSTON MONTREAL SAN FRANCISCO I
76 W. Monro* St. 176 Fedml St 405 Power Bid*. 461 Market St. |
lllllllllllll(l!lll!lll!ll.lll]llllllllllllll1lll1llllllllllllllllM1HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1lllllllllllllllllllllHIIIII1lll1IIIIIIIHnillllll]IIIIIIIMMIIIIIIMfT
__
Copper Steel
Galvanized-
Highest in quality and rust |
resistance. Unequaledfor i
Culverts, Flumes, Tanks, i
Roofing, Siding, Spouting, and |
all exposed sheet metal work, |
= We maunf actnre Sheet and Tin Mill Products of every description— Black audi 1
= Galvanized Sheets, Corrugated and Formed Products, Roofing Tin Plates, Eta |
| AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, P* , §
e Pacific Coast Reps: U.S. Steel Prodogts Co., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle i
'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiir:
aiHllllinillllllilllliiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllillllllllillllllilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililllllllllllllilfltiiiiiiiiiiiliiilltiilliiiit:
FARREL
BACON
ORE &- ROCK
CRUSHERS'ROLLS
EARLET C.BACON. Inc. engineers.
r^iiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHtiniiiMMiiiiiiintiiiMiiiHiitiuMMiMHHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiHiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiMMnniiniHHiMiMiiiiiNiiinnn;
^niiiiiitiiiiiitBijiiiiiiitiiiiiiiitiiiiiniiititiiiiiiiitiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiMiifiniiiiiiiiitiTiriiiiMiitiiiiiiiiiiJitiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu
JPRECISION
| BALANCES AND WEIGHTS
j§ F.or twenty years metallurgists and assayera
S have looked upon Thompson Balances and
= Weights as the acme \A precision. Made in
= a style and size for every purpose.
Writ© for catalog
THE THOMPSON BALANCE CO.
Denver, Colo.
IIIIIIIIIIII1I1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIII1IIIIIIIIUIIIIIUUIIIIIUIIIIUII r.
GANDY,
the original stitched COTTON
DUCK BELT, has all the
strength of a steel cable with
the tenacity, flexibility and
longevity of specially processed
cotton duck.
GANDY is the standard
belt of industry.
Its enviable reputation is based
on the performance of nearly
40 years in the transmission and
conveyor field.
GANDY engineering service
goes with every belt — power or
conveyor — to insure the right
belt — in ply and size — for each
particular job.
Orders filled promptly from
mill supply house or direct.
GANDY BELTING COMPANY
Main Office and Factory:
W. PRATT ST., BALTIMORE, MD.
BRANCHES:
549 W. Washington St.,
36 Warren St.,
New York City
Chicago, 111.
Look for the green edge
Candy trademark
68
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ARIZONA ASSAY OFFICE
(F. W. Libbey)
Afleayers, Chemists and Metallurgist!
CONTROL AND UMPIRE WORK
805-307 N. First St., Phoenix, Arizona
ATKIN & McRAE
Assayers, Chemists and Metallurgist*
CONTROL AMD UMPIRE ASSAYS
Flotation and Cyanide Testa
1008 South Hill St., Los Angeles. Cal.
BARDWELL, Alonzo F.
CUSTOM ASSATER AND CHEMIST
(Successor to Bettles & Bard well)
IBS S. W. Temple St., Salt Lake City, Utah
Ore Shippers' Agent
BAVERSTOCK & PAYNE
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTS AND ASSAYERS
Technical and Chemical Analysis of Ore*
Minerals, and All Organic Materials
223 W. First St., Los Angeles, Cal.
BEOKMAN & LINDEN ENG. CORP.
Chemical, electro-chemical, metallurgical and
electro-metallurgical investigations and
reports. Processes developed
604 Balboa Bdg., San Francisco
COLE & CO.
ASSAYERS, CHEMISTS, ORE BUYERS
Shippers' Representatives
Box BB, Douglas, Arizona
ORITCHETT & FERGUSON
ASSAYERS AND CHEMISTS
El Paso, Texas
Umpire and Controls a Specialty
DWIGHT & LLOYD SINTERING CO.
Special problems in ore treatment
29 Broadway, New York City
Cable Address : Sinterer
ERMLICH & CO., Geo. J.
ASSAYERS AND CHEMISTS
Control and Umpire Work
Ore Shippers Agent
1726 Champa St., Denver, Colo.
FROST, Oscar J.
ASSAYER
420 18th St.. Denver
GIBSON, Walter L.
Successor to
FALKENAU ASSAYING CO.,
ASSAY OFFICE AND ANALYTICAL
LABORATORY, SCHOOL OF ASSAYINQ
824 Washington St., Oakland
Phone 8929
Umpire assays and supervision of sampling.
Working tests of ores, analysis. Investiga-
tions of metallurgical and technical processes.
Professor L. Falkenau, General Manager and
Consulting Specialist.
IRVING & CO., James
ASSAYERS and GOLD BUYERS
Mines Examined
702 South Spring- St., Los Angeles. Cal.
LAUCKS, I. F., Inc.
Chemists. Assayers, Metallurgists
Shippers' Representatives at Smelters
99 Marion St.. Seattle. Wash.
GENERAL ENGINEERING CO., THE J- M. CALLOW. President
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
159 Pierpont Avenue, Salt Lake City. Utah
Design and Erection of all Classes of Reduction Plants
•RES TESTED IN SMALL OR 10-TON LOTS BY AMALGAMATION, CONCENTRATION,
CYANTDATION, MAGNETIC SEPARATION. FLOTATION
The 4th edition of our Ore Testing Bulletin is now ready for mailing. We shall be pleated U
send it to you upon request
New York Office, 120 Broadway, Room 2817. C. E. Chaffin, Local Manager
Canadian Office. 363 Sparks St., Ottawa. Canada
Australian Agent: F. H. Jackson, 22 Carrington St., Wynward Square. Sydney, N. S. W.. Australia
HAMILTON, BEAUCHAMP, WOODWORTH, Inc.
METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS
SPECIALTY: THE TREATMENT OF GOLD AND SHjVER ORES. BY FLOTATION. BY
CYANIDE, OR BY A COMBINATION OF BOTH PROCESSES
Flotation of Copper, Lead. Zinc, and Other Minerals
Tests made on Lots of 1 lb. up to 5 Tons
MILLS DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED. CONSULTING AND EXPERT WORK UNDERTAKEN
Laboratory and Office: 419 The Embarcadero, San Francisco
Telephone: Sutter 5266 Cable address: Hambeau Codes: West. Union: Bed. McNeill
LEDOUX & CO., Inc.
ASSAYERS, CHEMISTS AMD METALLURGISTS
Independent samplers at the port of New York
Representatives at all Refineries and Smelters on Atlantic Seaboard '
Office and Laboratory: 99 John Street, New York
O. A. LUCKHARDT CO.
Telephone, Kearney 5951
ASSAYERS AND CHEMISTS
A. H. WARD
Sampling of Ores at Smelters
63 Stevenson St.
San Francisco
SMITH, EMERY & CO. (Ore Testing Plant. Los Angeles)
INDEPENDENT CONTROLS AMD UMPIRE ASSAYERS
Represent Shippers at Smelters, Test Ores, and Design Mills
051 Howard Street. San Francisco 245 South Los Angeles Street, Lob Angeles
NEW MEXICO STATE SCHOOL OF MINES
An Institution of Technology and Engineering Full degrees, low cost, fine climate. -Mew
equipment, accessible to mines and smelters. Write lor catalogue.
A. Z. DjLINISKI, PRESIDENT, SOCCORO. NEW MEXICO
HANKS, Abbott A.
CHEMIST AND ASSAYER
Established 1866
530 Sacramento St., San Francisco
Control and Umpire Assays, Supervision ol
Sampling at Smelters
Cable: Hanx
Code: W. U. and Bed. McN.
PEREZ, Richard A.
ASSAYER. CHEMIST AND
METALLURSIST
(Established 1S95)
120 N. Main St.. Los Angeles. Cal.
RICHARDS & SON, J. W.
ASSAYER AND CHEMIST
1118 Nineteenth St., Denver
Ore Shippers' Agent. Write lor terms
Representatives at all Colorado smelters
Wm. P. Miller C. W. NeB
JAMES CO., THE GEORGE A.
METALLURGISTS AND MINING
ENGINEERS
ASSAYERS AND CHEMISTS
Mines Examined and Reported On
Processes Investigated. Mills Designed
Laboratory. 28 Belden Place. San Francisco
THE TWINING LABORATORIES
ASSAYERS AND CHEMICAL
ENGINEERS
Fresno, Cal.
OFFICER & CO., R. H.
ASSAYERS AND CHEMISTS
wila. Hydrocarbons and Oil Shale Analysis
169 South West Temple Street.
Salt Lake City. Utah
NOW ON SALE
Mining Engineers' Handbook
ROBERT PEELE, Editor in Chief
Fabrikoid Binding 2375 pages 4%x7 $7.
Order today from
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
420 Market Street San Francisco
July 3, L920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
69
Old Drifts and Crass-Cuts Sealed
up with GUNITE
Are EASILY done and are out of
the way permanently.
The constant menace of abandoned workings
can be easily removed. Fire risk can be thus
reduced and your men protected from sagging
roof or rotting timber.
the
(SieJ&s simple
All you have to do is to lay up a dry stone stopping and shoot on the Gunite
to whatever thickness you desire. Then any floods, breaks, gas or fire that
break out in the drift will be blocked and your men protected.
LET US SHOW YOU HOW IT CAN BE DONE
Write lor Details
CEMENT-GUN CO., Inc.,
ALLENTOWN, F»ENJ>J.
BRANCH OFFICE:
904 Cham, of Com. Bldg.. Chicago, HI. 204 R, A. Long Bldg., Kansas City.'Mo.
30 Church St.. New York City 612 Mohawk Block, Spokane, Wash.
211 Fulton Bldg.. Pittsburgh. Pa. 812 Va. Railway & Power Bldg., Richmond. Va.
Citizens Nat. Bank Bldg:.. Los Angeles General Supply Co.. Ltd., Winnipeg-, Manitoba
Agencies In all Principal Foreign Countries
am tini m inn urn urn mmmm m inmmmmiim iimiiimmimmimiimm mm y m urn m m m it mm t m in mmimmim mini i s
I Deister-Overstrom Diagonal Deck Concentrating Table
1920
JUST OUT!
1920
MANUAL
OF
CYA NIDATION
By E. M. HAMILTON
I A higher extraction of value*. A higher grade concentrate. |
Minimum percentage of middlings. Greater capacity* |
WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET. I
1 The Deister CONCENTRATOR Company 1
£ Office, Factory and Test Plant: FORT WAYNE, IND. =
riiiiiitiiiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiiitiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiTiiiiiiiijimiMiiiiMitiniiiiiiiiititiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiititiiiiiiiiiiriipiH..
aiuniUIIIIIIIUUNIIIUHMIIIIinilMNlnnillllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIlllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIlMlllllllllllllllllMlllllllllllMlll'J
L0C0M0TI«E8-CftR8 1
Switches, Frogs and Equipment |
FOR MINES, SMELTERS, ETC. |
3 THE ATIAS CAR & MFG. CO. |
CLEVELAND, OHIO |
Coast Equipment Co., Merchants Exchange Bldg. |
^= Si -^r.^ San Francisco, and San Fernando Bldg., Los Angeles =
mmiiimmmmimmmmiimiiimmiiimmiiiiiimmmimim mimimmimimmimiimmiimmimimiiimmiiimmimmr
^iiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJiii[|iii[iiiiiiiiiiiiii]ii!iiiiiiiiiiMii!i!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii<iiiiiiiii[)iiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiMi!iiiiiii)i^
THE LANE MILL \
can be 6ectionalized for =
mule packing. It ia par- =
ticularly suited for use in =
isolated places on account =
of the long life of the =
wearing parts and its =
freedom from breakdowns. =
Send for Catalog No. 0. |
LANE MILL AND I
MACHINERY CO., §
106 W. Third St., §
Los Angeles. ObI. =
niiiiiiiiiiii urn minium iiiiiiimiimiiiinii.
277 PAGES PRICE $3.00 7 % "x 5 Yi "
Pocket Size Flexible Fabrikoid Binding
A practical handbook on the cyanide process, in-
cluding the latest information and inventions. It pre-
sents in convenient form the essential data having a
practical bearing on testing an ore, planning the flow
sheet and operating the plant when erected.
All tables pertaining to the cyanide process as well
as formulas and standardized tests, are given.
-TEAR OFF AND MAIL TODAY-
| MIXING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS |
| 420 Market St., San Francisco |
= Gentlemen: Enclosed And $3.00 for which send me one copy of =
| "Manual of Cyanidatlon", by E. M. Hamilton. =
| Name =
= Address =
| Mc 7-3-20 |
SniiiiiiiniiiiiiiMiiiniiiiiniiitiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiihiuuiiiuiiiiiufiiiiMUUiiiiiiiinuinmiiiinuihl
70
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
ER'S- GUIDE
Machinery and Supplies of Dependable Manufacturers are here Listed
Addresses will be found on the Sixth followinq Page —
n If you do not find what you want communicate with Mining and Scientific Press Sehvice
Acetylene Generators
Bullard, E. D.
Oxweld Acetylene Co.
Agitators
Chalmers & Williams
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Dorr Co.. The
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co-
Trent, Goodwin M.
Air Receivers
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Ocean Shore Iron Works
Reardon. P. H. n
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Amalgamating Plates
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Gibson. W. W. p
Morse Bros. Machy. * SjiP- w»-
San Francisco Plating Works
WoSSfon An?* Mach. Corp.
Amalgamators
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Angles, Boiled Steel
Pollak Steel Co.
Assayers' and Chemists' Supplies
Bartley Crucible Co. Jonathan
Braun Corporation. The
Brauu-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Caire Co.. Justinian
Calkins Co. rwr , _
Denver Engineering Works U>.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Dixon Crucible Co.. Joseph
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
(See Index to Advertisers)
Axles, Car and Locomotive
Pollak Steel Co.
Axles, Mine Car
Pollak Steel Co.
Bubbitt Metals
Finn Metal Works. John
Bags
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Balances and Weights
Ainsworth, Wm. ft Sons.
Braun Corporation. The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Caire Co.. Justinian
Calkins Co.
' Denver Fire Clay Co.
Fairbanks, Morse & Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Thompson Balance Co
Balls for Ball-Mills
Bacon & Matheson Forge Co.
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. Ltd.
Chalmers & Williams
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Hardinge Co.
Hickok & Hickok
Los Angeles Foundry Co.
Mine Equipment & Supply Co.
Pollack Steel Co.
Ball-Mills (see 'Mills')
Bars, Concrete
Pollak Steel Co.
Bars, Rolled Steel
Pollak Steel Co.
Bells
Gaxratt ft Co.. W. T.
Belting and Lacing
Diamond Rubber Co., Inc.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co.
Fairbanks. Morse & Co.
Flexible Steel Lacing Co.
Gandy Belling Co.
Goodrich Rubber Co., B. F.
Main Belting Co.
Marsh all -Newell Supply Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Pioneer Rubber MillB
United States Rubber Co.
Belt Fasteners
Crescent Belt Fastener Ce.
Blowers
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoft Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Blowing Engines
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Boilers
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. Ltd.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Bolts and Nats
Drake Lock-Nut Co.
Books, Technical
Mining and Scientific Press
Brick. Fire
Atkins. Kroll ft Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Briquettlng Machinery
General Briquetting Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Buckets
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co
Box Iron Works Co.. Wm. A.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Meese ft Gottfried Co.
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Burners, Oil
Braun Corporation. The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Lunkenheimer Co.. The
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Powell Co., Wm.
Cages
Atlas Car ft Mfg. Co
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Calculating Machines
Marchant Calculating Machine Co.
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
Cam Shafts
Pollack Steel Co.
Carbide Flare Lights
Bullard. B. D.
Carbons, Borts, and Diamonds
Atkins. Kroll ft Co.
Cars
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Atlas Car ft Mfg. Co.
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Ottumwa Iron Works
Simpson Co., A. H.
Western Wheeled Scraper Co.
Chain
Dodge Sales ft Engineering Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Channels, Boiled Steel
Pollak Steel Co.
Chemicals
Barrett Co.. The
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Caire Co.. Justinian
Calkins Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Du Pont de Nemours ft Co.
Giant Powder Co.
Hercules Powder Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Roessler & HasBlacher Chem. Co.
Chilean Mills (see 'Mills')
Classifiers
Allis-Cbalmers Mfg. Co
Box Iron Works Co.. Wm. A.
Chalmers ft Williams
Colorado Iron Works
Deister Machine Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Dorr Co.. The
Meese ft Gottfried Co.
Pacific Tank ft Pipe Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Classifiers, Dry
National Milling ft Refining Co.
Clutches, Friction (see 'Transmis-
sion Machinery')
Compressors
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Buttress ft McClellan
Chalmers & Williams
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Fail banks, Morse & Co.
Gardner Governor Co,
General Electric Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Jackson Compressor Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Norwalk Iron Works
Reardon. P. H.
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Rosenberg ft Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Western Machinery Co.
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Concentrators
Allis-Chalmera Mfg. Co.
Butchart. W. A.
Chalmers & Williams
Collins ft Webb. Inc.
Colorado Iron Works
Deister Concentrator Co.
Deister Machine Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Dings Magnetic Separator Co.
Elsol Concentrating Co.
Gibson. W. W.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
James Ore Concentrator Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Concentrators, Dry
Elsol Concentrating Co.
Concrete Mixers
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Concrete Reinforcements
Pollak Steel Co.
Condensers, Low Level Jet
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Condensers, Surface
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Connecting Rods
Pollak Steel Co.
Contractors, Core Drilling
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Converters
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Conveyors, Belt or Screw
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Diamond Rubber Co.. Inc.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co.
Gandy Belting Co.
Goodrich Rubber Co., B. P.
Main Belting Co.
Meese ft Gottfried Co.
Pioneer Rubber MillB
United States Rubber Co.
Cranes
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Crank Pins
Pollak Steel Co.
Crank Shafts
Pollak Steel Co.
Crank Webs
Pollak Steel Co.
Cross Heads
Pollak Steel Co.
Crucibles
Bartley Crucible Co., Jonathan
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
CrusherB
Albs-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Bacon. Inc.. Earle C.
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Buttress ft McClellan
Caire Co.. Justinian
Calkins Co.
Chalmers ft Williams
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Colorado Iron Works
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Elsol Concentrating Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthofl Mfg. ft Sup. Oo.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Cor*.
Cupels
Braun Corporation, The
Braun -Knecht-Heimanu Oft.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Dixon Crucible Co., Joeeph
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Cyanide
American Cyanamid Co.
Roessler ft Hasslacher Cham. 0*.
Cyanide Plants and Machinery
Aldrich Pump Co.
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Buttress & McClellan
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Colorado Iron Works
Dorr Co.. The
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Mine ft Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
National Tank ft Pipe Co.
Oliver Continuous Filter Co.
Pacific Tank ft Pipe Co.
Redwood Mfrs. Co.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Trent, Goodwin M.
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Dewaterers
Chalmers ft Williams
Colorado Iron Works
Dorr Co.. The
General Engineering Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Oliver Continuous Filter Co.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Drafting Material
Ainsworth, Wm. ft Sons
Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph
Lietz Co., A.
Dragline Excavators
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Leschen ft Sons Rope Co., A.
Lidgerwood Mfg. Co.
Dredges and Accessories
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Ltd.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Hickok ft Hickok
Leschen ft Sons Rope Co., T.
Morris Machine Works
New York Engineering Co.
Pollack Steel Co.
Union Construction Co.
Yuba Mfg. Co.
Drill Makers and Sharpener*
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Denver Rock Drill Mfg. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Drills, Air and Steam
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Cleveland Rock Drill Co.
Collins & Webb, Die.
Cochise Machine Co.
Denver Rock Drill Mfg. Co.
Hendrie ft Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Oo.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Reardon. P. H.
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Drills, Core
Dobbins Core Drill Co.
(Continued on page 72)
July 3. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
71
immiimiiiiii imiiNiimiiiiiiMMiii
/iiiiiHHiimiiiiiihiiiimiiii
limillllllllllilllilllllll II [III I IIIIIIHH i. ..■',.,
Perforated Steel Screens I Tube Mill Linings and Grinding Pebbles
T® E<s®ffii©innin§@ U§@
I "ADAMANT SILICA" Linings
and Grinding Pebbles
| GRINDING COST REDUCERS
Some users you know
| Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah
| Gold Hill & Iowa Mines Co., Quartzburg, Idaho
| Federal Mining & Smelting Co., Morning, Idaho
| Cornucopia Mines Co., Cornucopia, Oregon
| United States Portland Cement Co., Denver, Colo.
| Ray Consolidated Copper Co., Hayden, Arizona
| Hercules Mining Co., Burke, Idaho
| Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrating Co.,
| Kellogg, Idaho
| Alaska Gastineau Mining Co., Thane, Alaska, and
I many more.
| In use in 34 States, Alaska, Canada, and Mexico.
Write today tor prices and information
I PROMPT SHIPMENT STOCK SIZES
JASPER STONE COMPANY
204 LYTLE BLOC
SIOUX CITY, IOWA
^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitniiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriHiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii
For TROMMELS— JIGS— CHUTES |
STAMP AND GRINDING MILLS
FILTERING— DEWATERING, Etc
Made for Service |
The Harrington & King Perforating Co. i
637 N. Union Ave., Chicago, III. |
NEW YORK OFFICE: 114 Liberty Street |
iimiiiiiuiiiiiiiMiiiiniiiMiiiiniiiiuiiMiiiHiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiT
aiiuiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii]iiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu
"
( Especially TheWhite Star Valv e) |
Valves for Steam, |
Water, Gas, Oil or |
Air to meet every |
mining requirement |
Gate Valves with ris- |
ing or non-rising |
spindles. Screwed or |
flanged ends, in brass, |
iron or steel. |
If your dealer cannot furnish =
you with |
Powell
"White Star" \
Gate Valves |
write us. |
The/^Wm. Powell Co. |
HVdePENDABlE Engineering Specialties j
CINCINNATI,©.
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiMiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii-
(S3
-sas^**^*"^^^^^^^**-.
Si
1 I
■■iii
ORESCENT
^* BELT
FASTENERS
MAKE C00D
BELTS GIVE
BETTER
SERVICE
THEY DO-
AND MORE.
ir
HiifiifiSS 21 ^^H^^^b
CRESCENT BELT FASTENER CO.
381 FOURTH AVE.. NEW YORK.
-or ask your local dealer.
ipllllH
ITS^^-C^
W
72
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
THE- BUYER'S -GUIDE
iiiimiMimimi mitiitiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiii iiiiimmmmmii iiiiiitiiiimitiimtiiiitimim iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiiiiimijmimmiiiiiiimimmmiiim iiiiimmilimmi iimmiimimiiummmuiummiiimmmMimmiiiiiuiiMiiirm
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Longyear Co.. E. J.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Drills, Diamond
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Longyear Co., E. J.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Dryers
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Colorado Iron Works
Traylor Eng, & Mfg. Co.
Electrical Supplies
AlliB-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
General Electric Co.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mfg. Co.
Employment Bureau
Business Men'B Clearing Houoe
Engineers (Designing and Contract-
Box Iron Works Co.. Wm. A.
General Engineering Co.
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Steams-Roger Mlg. Co.
Engines. Internal Combustion
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Fairbanks, Moree ft Co.
Hendxie & Bolthoff Mfg. & Sup. CO.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Novo Engine Co.
Reardon, P. H.
Western Machinery Co.
Engines, Oil
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Engines, Steam
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
MorriB Machine Works
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Explosives
Gahfornia Cap Co.
Du Pont Powder Co.
Giant Powder Co.
Hercules Powder Co.
Pans. Ventilating
Galigher Machinery Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
niter*
Chalmers & Williams
Colorado Iron Works
Galigher Machinery Co.
Merrill Co.
Moree Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Oliver Continuous Filter Co.
United Filters Corp- „
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Filter Cloth, Metallic
Ludlow-Saylor Wire Co.
United Filters Corp.
filter Presses
Galigher Machinery Co.
Merrill Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
United Filters Corp.
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Fire Extinguishers
Bullard, E. D.
.Justrite Mfg. Co.
First Aid Equipment
Braun Corporation. The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Bullard. E. D.
Flotation Apparatus
Braun Corporation. The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Butchart, W. A.
Butters Co.. Ltd., Chas.
Colburn Flotation & Eng. Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Galigher Machinery Co.
General Engineering Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Southwestern Eng. Co.
Stimpson Equipment Co.
Forges
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Frogs and Switches (see 'Railway
Supplies')
Forglngs
Cambria Steel Co.
Pollak Steel Co.
Forglngs, Drop
Pollak Steel Co.
Forglngs, Heavy
Pollak Steel Co.
Forgings, Mine and Dredge
Machinery
Pollak Steel Co.
Fuel Oil
standard Oil Co.
Furnaces, Assay (see 'Assayers and
Cliemists supplies')
t uruui'to, Uii
Deliver U'ire Clay Co.
ingersoll-Kand Co.
Furnaces, Boasting and Smelting
Aiu=-tUiiuitia jillg. Co.
vviurauu li'uu Wui'Kb
Aseuver Eng uieeriuif Works Co.
Meuurie Ot JDOiinull Jlig. « Sup. Co.
Mine oc smelter supply Co.
Morse Bro». Aladiy. dc Sup. Co.
Traylor -tug. dc Mlg. Co.
Wortningtun Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Gears
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Dodge Sales & .Engineering Co.
D'aweus machine vo.
General Klectnc Co.
Meese ft Gouined Co.
Generators, Electric
AiUs-CnalmerB Mfg. Co.
.buttress & McClelian
Collins & Webb, Dae.
General Electric Co.
Hendrie & BoithoH Mfg. & Sup. Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & sup. Co.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mlg. Co.
Giants, Hydraulic (see 'Hydraulic
Alining Machinery')
Governors
Gardner Governor Co.
Graohlte Products
Bartiey Crucible Co., Jonathan
Detroit Graphite Co.
Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph
Grinders, Laboratory
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Caire Co., Justinian
Calkins Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Heaters, Feed Water
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Hoists, Electric
Aihs-Chaimers Mfg. Co
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Buttress & McClelian
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
General Electric Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Leschen & Sons Rope Co., A
Lidgerwood Mfg. Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Ottumwa Iron Works
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mfg. Co.
Hoists, OH and Distillate
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Buttress & McClelian
Collins & Webb, Inc.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Leschen & Sons Rope Co.. A
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Western Machinery Co.
Hoists, Steam or Air
Albs-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Bagersoll-Rand Co.
Lesehen & Sons Rope Co.. A
Lidgerwood Mfg. Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Nordberg Mfg. Co.
Ottumwa iron Works
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Hose
Buttress & McClelian
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Cochise Machine Co.
Denver Rock Drill Mfg. Co.
Goodrich Rubber Co.. B. F.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Bigersoll-Rand Co.
Pioneer Rubber Mills
Rix Compressed Air ft Drill Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
United States Rubber Co.
Hydraulic Mining Machinery
Aldrich Pump Co.
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
American Spiral Pipe Works.
GaiTatt & Co.. W. T.
New York Engineering Co.
Pelton Water Wheel Co.
Sacramento Pipe Works
Hydrocyanic Acid, Liquid
American Cyanamid Co.
Ice Machines
Norwalk Iron Works
Injectors
Lunkenheimer Co.. The
Marshall-Newell Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Powell Co.. Wm.
Iron Cements
Smooth-On Mfg. Co.
JlgB
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Buttress & McClelian
Chalmers & Williams
Colorado Iron Works
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
New York Engineering Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Union Construction Co.
Kilns
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Laboratory Supplies (see 'Assayers'
and Chemists' Supplies')
Lamp Guards
Flexible Steel Lacing Co.
Lamps, Arc and Incandescent
General Electric Co.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mfg. Co.
Lamps, Miners'
Bullard, E. D.
Justrite Mfg. Co.
Wolf Safety Lamp Co.
Lining for Ball-Mills
Chalmers ft Willi am a
Hardinge Co.
Hickok & Hickok
Jasper Stone Co.
Los Angeles Foundry Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Linoleum
Paraffins Companies, Inc.
Loading Machines, Pneumatic
Lake Superior Loader Co.
Lock Nuts
Drake Lock-Nut Co.
Locomotives, Electric
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.
Collins & Webb. Jjic.
General Electric Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mfg. Co.
Locomotives, Compressed Air
Porter Co.. H. K.
Locomotives, Gasoline
Fate-Root-Heath Co.
Locomotives, Steam
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Porter Co.. H. K.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Lubricants
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph
Standard Oil Co.
Lubricators
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Justrite Mfg. Co.
Lunkenheimer Co., The
Marshall-Newell Supply Co.
Powell Co.. Wm.
Machinery, Used
Butte Machinery Co.
Buttress & McClelian
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Jardine Machinery Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Nevada Engineering & Supply Co.
Pacific Pipe Co.
Rebuilt Machinery Co,
Rosenberg & Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Zelnicker Supply Co.
Magnets, Lifting
Dings Magnetic Separator Co.
Magnetic Separators and Pulleys
Dings Magnetic Separator Co.
Metal Buyers and Dealers
American Smelters Securities Co.
American Zinc. Lead 6 Smelt. Co.
Atkins. Krol.l ft Co.
Empire Zinc Co.
Grubnau. Bryant ft Grubnau
International Smelting Co.
U. S. Smelting. Bef. & Min. Co.
Wildberg Bros.
Mills — Brill. Pebble and Tube
A llis- Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. Ltd
Box Iron Works Co.. Wm. A.
Buttress & McClelian
Chalmers ft Williams
Collins & Webb. Inc.
Colorado Iron Works
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Hardinge Co.
Herman. John
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Mine Equipment & Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Rosenberg ft Co
Steams-Roger Mfg. Co.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.-
Hills, Chilean
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Chalmers ft Williams
Collins & Webb. Die.
Colorado Iron Works
Denver Quartz Mill ft Crusher Co.
Lane Mill ft Machinery Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Mills, Grinding
Gibson, W. W.
Marathon Mill & Machine Works
Mills, Stamps
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp, Ltd.
Buttress & McClelian
ChalmerB ft Williams
Collins ft Webb. Die.
Colorado Iron Works
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Traylor Eng. ft Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump ft Mach. Corp.
Motor Trucks
Garford Motor Truck Co.
Mutual Truck Co.
Motors
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Buttress ft McClelian
Collins ft Webb, Inc.
Fairbanks. Morse ft Co.
General Electric Co.
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. ft Sup. C*.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. ft Sup. Co. i
Rosenberg ft Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Westinghouse Elec. ft Mfg. Co.
Mucking Machines, Mechanical
Lake Superior Loader Co.
NoduUzers, Ore
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co. .
Office Supplies
Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph
Marchant Calculating Machine Co.
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
OH and Grease Cups (see TLnbri- I
cators')
Oil, Flotation
Barrett Co., The
Florida Wood Products Co.
General Naval Stores
Pensacola Tar ft Turpentine Co.
Standard Oil Co.
United Naval Stores
Ore-Bnyers (see TMetal Buyers ani
Dealers')
Ore Testing Equipment
General Engineering Co.
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cuttrai
Apparatus
Bullard, E. D.
Oxweld Acetylene Co.
Oxygen Apparatus
Bullard. E. D.
Siebe, Gorman Co..
Ltd.
Packing
Diamond Rubber Co.
Goodrich Rubber Co.. B. F.
Marshall-Newell Supply Co.
Pioneer Rubber Mills
Smooth-On Mfg. Co.
United States Rubber Co.
(Continued on page 74)
July J. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
73
TTENTION ENGINEERING PROFESSION
REPAIRING OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
When your surveying instrument meets with an accident it warrants
placing in reliable hands. Mechanics cannot be expected to intelligently put
a scientific instrument in order, despite a conscientious effort on their part.
A mechanician trained for years in this particular work can make the neces-
sary repairs in shorter time and with the interest of the profession constantly
in mind.
We, with our factory facilities and trained workmen, can assure the
profession of the utmost satisfaction in the repairing of all makes of sur-
veying instruments, and we assume all responsibilities when this work is
entrusted to us, for the work of our help is fully guaranteed.
The necessary charges for such work represent nothing more than the
time, carefully tabulated, and actually required by only skilled mechanicians
to put the instrument in first class condition; this being supported by the
integrity of a firm established in San Francisco since 1882.
Delays may ensue, for we are at present entrusted with the repair of
many instruments, but we solicit your work, assuring you that it will be
handled as quickly as possible.
Estimates are cheerfully made.
REPAIRS ALSO MADE TO ANEROID BAROMETERS, HAND
LEVELS, STEEL TAPES, DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND
OTHER SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.
THE A. LIETZ COMPANY
Established 1882
Main Office and Salesroom: 61 Post St., San Francisco, U.S.A.
Factory 632 to 648 Commercial St,
|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!I!IIIIIU
I Prospector's Field Book and Guide 1
1 In the Search for and the Easy Determination of Ores and Other Useful Minerals m
| By H. S. Osborn H
1 NINTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED AND ENLARGED |
S By M. W. von Bernewitz =
I 4 5£ x 7 1,£ 400 Pages 57 Illustrations Flexible Binding Pocket-Book Style g
Price . *322.
Anew addition to this splendid book is
a spirited introduction emphasizing
the necessity of prospectors receiving some
technical training. Discusses practical
mineralogy, crystallography, the value of
the blowpipe in prospecting, surveying,
and chemical tests in the field. Separate
chapters are given to the precious and base
metals, also to the non-metallic metals.
I
!
" prospectors
-|ELO-BqOKAN»& UID£
n«0RN-l»Btt«IEWITZj
An important guide and a suggestive aid
throughout the new book are the many brief
descriptions of ore deposits of all minerals
occurring in scattered parts of the world.
These have been abstracted carefully, and
tell how certain minerals may be expected
to be found. Another special feature is
the lists of outfits, prices and the manipu-
lation of the apparatus. In the appendix
will be found numbers of useful tables, an
explanation of the unit system of buying
and selling ores, and a complete glossary
of mining and mineralogical terms.
■ USE THE COUPON-
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
420 Market Street, San Francisco
Gentlemen: Enclosed And S3.00 for wUlch send me one copy of Osborn-
Book and Guide.
Name
-Prospector's Field =
J You will be interested in our
1 latest catalogue which con-
| tains a description of the best
| and latest bookt on indus-
I tries allied to the mining field
I iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i i iii iii i iiiiiiiiii i i i n > i > • > > i m imiiiiii ' "mug i n
Address
It is understood, if the above book proves unsatisfactory I am at liberty to return it
within ten days and refund will be made of the purchase price.
HOB 7-3- fl
74
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
THE -BUYER'S -GUIDE
millllliliim i i i miiimiiimmimiiiiiiiJiiiiiimm imimiiiimin illinium m mi immiimmiiimiiiiiimmmuiri
mi iiimtlillllllll niiffliinmimii i iiiiiiiiihh timiniuimiNiiKiiaa.
Paint, Preservative
Detroit Graphite Co.
Dixon Crucible Co.
Parafflrte Companies, Inc.
Standard Oil Co.
i'aper — Building, Insulating and
Asbestos
Paraffine Companies. Inc.
Atkins. Kroll & Co.
Hardinge Co.
Jasper Stone Co.
Perforated Metals
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Galigher Machinery Co.
Harrington &. King Perforating Co.
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Pipe Covering
Paraffine Companies, Inc.
Pipe Fittings
Diamond Rubber Co.
Garratt & Co., W. T.
Goodrich Rubber Co., B. F.
Lunkenheinier Co., The
Marshall-Newell Supply Co.
Merrill Co.
Nor walk Iron Works
Pacific Pipe Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
Powell Co.. Wm.
Sacramento Pipe WorkB
Pipe, Cast Iron
American Cast Iron Pipe Co.
Pacific Pipe Co.
Pipe, Riveted
American Spiral Pipe Works.
Sacramento Pipe Works
Pipe. Standard Wrought
National Tube Co.
Pacific Pipe Co.
Pipe, Wood
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
Redwood Mfrs. Co.
Placer Mining Machinery
Aldrich Pump Co.
American Spiral Pipe Works.
Collins & Weub, Inc.
Harrington & .King Perforating Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
New York Engineering Co.
Union Construction Co.
Yuba Mfg. Co.
Pneumatic Tools
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Sullivan Machinery Co.
Prospecting Supplies
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Dobbins Core Drill Co.
Longyear Co., E. J.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
New York Engineering Co.
Rix Compressed Air & Drill Co.
Union Construction Co.
Pulleys, Magnetic
Dings Magnetic Separator Co.
Pulleys, Shafting and Hangers (sat
'Transmission Machinery')
Pumps, Air Lift
Aldrich. Pump Co.
Buttress & McClellan
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Proscott Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Pumps, Centrifugal
Aldrich Pump Co.
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
American Well Works
Buttress & McClellan
Cameron Steam Pump Wks.. A. 5.
Collins & Webb, Inc.
Fairbanks, Morse & Co.
Frenier & Sons
Garratt & Co.. W. T.
General Electric Co.
Hendrie & Bolthofl Mfg. & Sup. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Jackson Iron WorkB. Byron
Krogh Pump & Machinery Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
"orris Machine Worka
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Oliver Continuous Filter Co.
Pacific Pipe Co.
Pelton Water Wheel Co.
Prescott Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Simpson Co.. A. H.
Western Machinery Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Yuba Mfg. Co.
Pumps, Reciprocating
Aldrich Pump Co.
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Cameron Steam Pumps Wks.. A. S.
Hendrie & Bolthofl Mfg. & Sup. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Prescott Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Quicksilver
Atkins, Kroll & Co.
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Bullard, E. D.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Railway Supplies and Equipment
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.
Diamond Rubber Co.. Inc.
Hickok & Hickok
Pollack Steel Co.
Rods for Rod Mills
Pollack Steel Co.
Roller Bearings
Hyatt Roller Bearing Co.
Rolls, Crushing
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.
Bacon. Inc.. Earle C.
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Chalmers & Williams
Collins & Webb. Inc.
ColoradG Iron Works .
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Hendrie & Bolthofl Mfg. & Sup. Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Pollak Steel Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Roll Shells
Cambria Steel Co.
Roofing
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co.
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Paraffine Companies, Boo.
Standard Oil Co.
Rope, Manila
Waterbury Co,
Rope, Wire
American Steel & Wire Co.
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co.
Leschen & Sons Rope Co., A
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Roebling's Sons Co., John A.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Waterbury Co.
Rubber Boots and Shoe*
Goodrich Rubber Co., B. F.
United States Rubber Co.
Safety Appliance*
Bullard, E. D.
Siebe. Gorman Co., Ltd.
Samplers
Box D-on WorkB Co., Wm. A.
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Colorado Iron Works
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Saw Mill Machinery
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Box D-on Works Co., Wm. A.
Prescott Co.
Screens
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Box Iron Works Co., Wm, A.
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Chalmers & Williams
Colorado Iron Works
Collins & Webb, Die.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Galigher Machinery Co.
Harrington & King Perforating Co.
James Ore Concentrator Co.
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Stimpson Equipment Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Screens, Mining, Etc.
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Screens, Rolled Slot
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Screens, Wire
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Separators
Dings Magnetic Separator Co.
Shafting (see 'Transmission
Machinery)
Shafts, Forged Steel
Pollak Steel Co.
Sheet Steel
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co.
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Shoes and Dies
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp, Ltd.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Hickok & Hickok
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Shovels, Electric and Steam
Leschen & Sons Rope Co.. A
Shoveling Machines
Lake Superior Loader Co.
Slier
Atkins. Kroll & Co.
Hardinge Co.
Jasper Stone Co.
Sintering and Agglomerating
Machinery
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Smelters and Refiners
American Zinc. Lead & Smelt. Co.
Empire Zinc Co.
International Smelting Co.
U. S. Smelting, Ref. & Min. Co.
Wildberg Bros.
Smelting Machinery
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
Collins & Webb, Lie.
Colorado Iron Works
Hendrie & Bolthofl Mfg. & Sup. Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp.
Solder
Finn Metal Works, John
Springs
American Spiral Pipe Works.
American Steel & Wire Co.
Cary Spring Works
Steel, Drill
Buttress & McClellan
Cambria Steel Co.
Collins & Webb, Die.
Denver Rock Drill Mfg. Co.
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
International High Speed Steel Co.
Simpson Co,, A. H.
Sullivan Machinery Go.
Steel, Structural
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Pollack Steel Co.
Steel, Tool
Cambria Steel Co.
International Highspeed Steel Co.
Stretchers
Williams Improved Stretcher Co.
Surveying Instruments
Ainsworth, Wm. & Sons.
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.
Leitz Co., A.
Tanks, Steel
Box Iron Works Co., Wm. A.
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Digersoll-Rand Co.
Rosenberg & Co.
Kansas City Structural Steel Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Tanks, Wood
Denver Engineering Works Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
Redwood Mfrs. Co.
Tapes, Measuring
Lufkin Rule Co.
Thickeners, Pulp
Buttress & McClellan
Collins & Webb, Inc.
Colorado Don Works
Dorr Co.. The
General Engineering Co.
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Oliver Continuous Filter Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
Tires, Auto and Truck
Goodrich Rubber Co.. B. F.
Tools, Blacksmith
Ingersoll-Rand Co.
Tractors
Yuba Mfg. Co.
Tramways, Aerial
American Steel & Wire Co.
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co.
Roebling's Sons Co.. John A.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Transmission Machinery
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
American Pulley Co.
Dodge Sales & Engineering Co.
General Electric Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Prescott Co.
. Rosenberg & Co.
Tracks, Motor (see 'Motor Trucks')
Tube-Mills (see) 'Mills')
Tumbler Shafts, Heavy Forged
Steel
Pollak Steel Co.
Turbines, Hydraulic
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Go.
Pelton Water Wheel Co.
Smith Co., S. Morgan
Turbines, Steam
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.
General Electric Co.
Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.
Valves
Crane Co.
Lunkenheimer Co., The
Marshall-Newell Supply Co.
Merrill Co., The
Norwalk Iron Works
Powell Co., Wm.
Water Wheels, Impulse
Box L-on Works Co., Wm. A.
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co. :
Pelton Water Wheel Co.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Smith Co., S. Morgan
Well Drilling Machy. and SnppUaa
American Wei! Works
Union Construction Co.
Wheels, Car
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.
Hickok & Hickok
Whistlers
Lunkenheimer Co., The
Powell Co., Wm.
Wire
American Steel & Wire Co.
Anaconda Copper Mining Co.
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.
General Electric Co.
Meese & Gottfried Co.
Roebling's Sons Co., John A.
Simpson Co., A. H.
Wire Cloth
Ludiow-Saylor Wire Co.
Wire, Insulated
Diamond Rubber Co., Die.
Goodrich Rubber Co.. B. F.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Roebling's Sons Co., John A.
United States Rubber Co.
Zinc Boxes
Colorado Don Works Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
National Tank & Pipe Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
Redwood Mfra. Co.
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.
Zinc Dust and Shavings
American Zinc. Lead & Smelt. Co.
Atkins. Kroll & Co.
Braun Corporation, The
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co.
Denver Fire Clay Co.
Finn Metal Works. John
Merrill Co.
Mine & Smelter Supply Co.
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co.
U. S. Smelting. Ref. & Min. Co.
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
75
I II II II II 1111(111(11111111 II II I I II II II II II Mill
AUrich Pumps | GARFORD
FOR GENERAL SERVICE
Quintuplex Motor Driven Pot Chamber Pump, for general pump- =
ing requirements such as water works, eteel mills, factories, etc.. =
but is especially suited for mine service. Can be run with one or =
two motors, mounted on top. Their range of operation is from 300 =
to 4000 G. P. M. against lifts of from 500 to 1000 feet. |
Write for a copy of our 1920 calendar |
THE ALDRICH PUMP COMPANY
No. 5 Allen St., AUentown, Pa., U.S.A.
CHICAGO. ILL. NEW YORK CITY PITTSBURGH, PA. |
McCormick Building 30 Church Street Keenan Building i
EL PASO TEXAS. MUU Building 1
3uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii':imiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiin
Si" in iitiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiririiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiii!;.
I SACRAMENTO PIPE WORKS (
MANUFACTURERS
= SHEET STEEL RIVETED PIPE, I
WELL CASING and AIR PIPE |
WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTERS
Standard Pipe — Screw Joint Casing, Pipe
and Casing Fittings, |
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS |
Valves and Brass Goods 1
SACRAMENTO, CAL.
I BLAKE, MOrTITT & TOWNE |
DEALERS IN PAPER
87 TO 45 FIRST STREET, SAM FRANCISCO, CAL. j
BRANCH HOUSES IN LOS ANGELES AND PORTLAND |
StHliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;
SlllllUllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^
SEND FOR CATALOG
A-9 OF BALANCES 1
B-X OF ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS 1
Hfr~~mU PIT PRECISION FACTORY] VmtM*
The Garfbrd Definite System
of Service to individual truck
owners has been fundamental
in the accomplishment of
Garford Low Cost Ton-Mile.
Lima, Ohio
Periodically during each year Garford
expert service men go from our factory
to every Garford owner. They thor-
oughly inspect each truck, ride with the
driver on the job, and make minor ad-
justments. Written reports of these
inspections are sent to factory for anal-
ysis, and recommendations are made
direct to owners by our Maintenance
Department.
Siiiiiimimimiumiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiiii iitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
1 1 j i j i f i r e 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1
76
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
iMiiMiimmiimmmi
United States Smelting,
Refining & Mining Company
55 CONGRESS STREET, BOSTON, V. S. A.
BUYERS OP
Gold, Silver, Lead and Copper Ores. Lead and Zinc
Concentrating Ores, Matte and Furnace Products.
REFINERS OF
Lead Bullion.
PRODUCERS AND SELLERS OP
Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Zinc Dust, Arsenic,
Insecticides, Fungicides, and Cadmium.
OPERATING OFFICES:
912 Newhouse Building, Salt Lake City, Utah; Ken-
nett, Cal.; Goldroad, Ariz.; Baxter Springs, Kansas;
120 Broadway, New York; Pachuca (Real del Monte
Co.), Mexico.
SELLING OFFICES: ISO BROADWAY, NEW YORK
United States Smelting R. & M. Exploration Co.
For examination and purchase of Metal Mines, 55 Congress St.,
| Boston, Mass. District Offices, 130 Broadway, N. Y.; 1504 Hobart
| Blag., San Francisco, Cal.: Newhouse Bids., Salt Lake City, Utah.
Immediate Shipment from Our
San Francisco Stock
JOHN FINN'S Air Separated Zinc Dust for Cyaniding.
JOHN FINN'S Crank Pin and Empire Anti-Friction
Babbitt Metals, universally used in tbe Mining and
Cement Industry. Also manufacturers of all grades of
Solder and Type Metals.
Write or wire for prices on your requirements.
John Finn Metal Works
372-398 Second Street. San Francisco, California.
AMERICAN
ZINC, LEAD & SMELTING COMPANY
Purchasers of
ZINC AND LEAD ORES
Address: 1012 Pierce Building, St. Louis, Mo.
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT FOR THE PURCHASE OF
METAL MINES AND METAL MINING COMPANIES
55 Congress St., Boston, Mass.
INTERNATIONAL SMELTING CO.
New York Office: 42 Broadway
Purchasers of
Gold, Silver, Copper, and
Lead Ores
SMELTING WORKS: INTERNATIONAL, UTAH and MIAMI, ARIZ.
REFINERIES:
International Lead Refining Company, East Chicagro, Indiana
Rariton Copper Works, Perth Amboy, N. J.
ORE PURCHASING DEPARTMENT:
618 Kearns Building-, Salt Lake City, Utah
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii[i!iiiiii[iiti]iiitiitiiiiitii[iiiiiiiiiiiiii]iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiMiiiiminiiiiiiiiiitii)iiiiiihiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii>>iriiiiiiiiii
gmiiitiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiitiiiitiiniiiiiiiiiuiiiiiimiiiiimiiiii
ATKINS, KROLL & CO., San Francisco
IMPORT MERCHANTS
DANISH FUKT PEBBLES. SILEX LINING. CYANTDsl
1 QUICKSILVER. MINING CANDLES. FIREBRICK.
1 BORTS AND CARBONS. BLACKSMITH COAL. COKU
S IMPORTED FUSE. SCHEELITE CONCENTRATES. 70%.
1 SUPERIOR QUALITY ZINC DUST.
STOCKS CARRIED
UlllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIIIIIll
iiuiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitMiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilliliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiriitiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitimiiiiiiit:
■COLO DREDGES I
Yuba Ball Tread Tractors Yuba Centrifugal Pumps 1
YUBA MANUFACTURING COMPANY |
WORKS: Marmiile, Cat. SALES OFFICE: 433 California St. San Frandieo, CtL |
iiitiitiiiiniiiinii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiMtiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[ii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiMiiiiiiiiiii![iiiiiimi(iiil:
American Smelters Securities Co.
(Selby Smelting Works)
Buyers or
GOLD and SILVER BULLION
ORES, CONCENTRATES, ETC.
Consign all shipments to
AMERICAN SMELTERS SECURITIES CO.
SELBY, CAL.
Address correspondence to
MERCHANTS EXCHANGE BLDG., SAN FRANCISCO
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHimiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiimmiiiiiiimniiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiimi iiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimmmiMii immiminn
aiHiniiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiHiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin iiiiiiiiiiiimiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinii imiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiMj
] GENERAL BRIQUETTING COMPANY j
Consulting Engineers
1 25 Broad Street, New York J
Specialists in the Briquetting of Ores, j
Flotation Concentrates, Coals, Etc. \
aiiiiil ill iniiiiii minimum i im m minimum nil tin
lllimimiiiiiimmmnmm «" iimmmmiimiiiiiiiiliimlimmiim iinmmmnmmmmimmn inim|
The Empire Zinc Company j
Buys Zinc Ores
Address oar Offices: Or write to |
160 Front SL New York NY H - L WILLIAMS. %
mil rront m., new lore, n. i. ^ KEARNS BLDG §
703 Symes Bldg., Denver, Colo. SALT LAKE CIT^ UTAH fl
minimi iiiiiimmmmiim miiiilum inn miniii I Illlinii mm iiiiwhi.mmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii£
July 3, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRES
lilimitu tun iinimmmiiijiimimiml limn
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMtlMIIIIIIIIIIII
illllilllllllllltlllllllltllllliHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIinilltllllllllMIIIIIIIIJMIIIIIHIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIItlllllilllllllllltllllU
The
Roessler & Hasslacher
Chemical Company
707-717 6th Ave., cor. 41st St., NEW YORK, N.Y.
WORKS: PERTH AMBOY, N. J.
Cyanide of
Sodium 96-98%
Cyanogen
51-52%
"Cyanegg"
Sodium Cyanide 96-98% in egg form,
each egg weighing 1 ounce.
Cyanogen 51-52%
Grinding Balls and
Mill Liners
What Was Your Liner Cost Last Year?
Would You Like to Reduce That Cost?
DUROLOID
Is the Logical Answer.
LOS ANGELES FOUNDRY CO.
2444 So. Alameda
Los Angeles, Cal.
aw ' ' (mi i in in i iiiiinmiiiimi
nT amimm I n in in in in i I < iimlll
iiil uilllllinnninnnninnnnniiinnniiinniinniiinnninnniiinniininiiiiiniiniiinniiiiinnninniinniiinnnninliiiinnmiiiiniiiiiiii^
Grubnau, Bryant & Grubnau
Buyers of
ZINC CARBONATE ORES
Manufacturers of
Zinc Oxide and Zinc-Lead Pigments
WIRE ROF>E |
WELDING WIRE
JOHN A. ROWS SONS CO. OF CALIFORNIA 1
900 First Ave. South, Seattle 624-646 Folsom St., San Francisco |
487 Lovejoy St., Portland, Ore. 216 South Alameda St., Los Angeles §
Office and Works :
Waldo, New Mexico
WILDBERG BROS.,
Smelters, Refiners and Purchasers of
Gold and Silver Ores, Gold Dust, Bullion and
Native Platinum
Production of Proof Gold and Silver for AssayerB
OFFICE: 416-419 PACIFIC BDG. SAX FRANCISCO
:.iiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiii(i!iiiiFiPi!iiiiiiiiiPiiiri]iiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiriii!iiii(iiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiritiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiti'
uinnniiHiniMiiiiiiiiniiiMMiiiiiiitiiiiiitiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiii<^
(ore: broker)
1 20 years experience in marketing ores and |
1 minerals. Tell me your troubles.
S L. C. BUTLER
1 NEW DORP, BORO OF RICHMOND, NEW YORK CITY 1
| Tel. 276 New Dorp I
nllllllimi miiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiimiiiiii iiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiif?
=!iinMiiiiiinniiinniniinniiiniiiiinniiinniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiininiininiiiiiniiiiiiiinMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiii
UNIVERSAL CYANIDING MACHINE
TRENT
AGITATORS Catalog
THICKENERS on
REPLACERS Request
DORR
CLASSIFIERS
THICKENERS
AGITATORS
GOODWIN M. TRENT
| Sharon Bldg. San Francisco, Calif. |
''iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiihiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiir;
THE DORR COMPANY
ENGINEERS |
DENVER NEW YORK LONDON
1009 17th Street 101 Park Avenue 16 South Street =
riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiih^
78
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920
is ^
Dash • Indicates • Every- Other-WeeK-or- Monthly • Advertisement -
Pare
Ainsworth & Sons. Wm.. Denver 75
Aklrich Pump Co.. Allentown. Pa 75
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.. Milwaukee, Wis 6
American Cast Iron Pipe Co.. Birmingham. Ala. 55
American Cyanamid Company. New York 3
American Pulley Co.. Philadelphia. Pa —
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co.. Pittsburgh. . .67
American Smelters Securities Co.. San Francisco. 76
American Spiral Pipe Works. Chicago 78
American Steel & Wire Co.. Chicago 59
American Well Works. Aurora. Ill
American Zinc, Lead & Smelting- Co.. St. Louis. 76
Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Chicago —
ABBayers. Chemists and Ore Testing Works. . . .68
Atkins. Kroll & Co.. San Francisco 76
Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. Ohio 69
Bacon. Inc.. Earle C. New York 67
Barber-Greene Co.. Aurora, 111
Barrett Co.. The. New York 80
Barlley Crucible Co.. Jonathan. Trenton. N. J. .16
Beer, S.. Sacramento. Cal
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp.. San Francisco. . .
Blake. Moffitt & Towne. San Francisco 75
Books. Technical 51-58-69-73
Box Iron Works. Wm.. A.. Denver. Colo
Braun Corporation, The. Los Angeles. Cal 40
Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co., San Francisco! '.'. ~40
Broderick & Bascom Rope Co.. St. Louis 61
Bullard E. D.. San Francisco _
Bullen & Co.. San Francisco
Bunting Iron Works. San Francisco; '.'.'.'.'.'.'"
Buseh-Sulzer Bros.. St. Louis. Mo... 55
Business Men's Clearing House. Denver 50
Butchart. W. A.. Denver. Colo. . . si
Butler. L. C. New York. . 77
Butters & Co.. Ltd.. Chas. New York _
1SS? 8 Guide cC ! e " an : , Los . Aneelea -. ™;]^M
Caire Co Justinian. San Francisco ... 48
Cakins Co.. Los Angeles. Cal. IS
California Cap Co.. Oakland. Cal __
Cambria Steel Co.. Philadelphia.
Cameron Steam Pump Works, A. S. New' York' *>^
Cary Spring Works. New York *orK.-o
Cement-Gun Co.. Allentown. Pa. '. '. «q
Chalmers & Williams. Chicago Heights,' ill '. ' ' ' -1
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.. Chicago 00
rS^M R °v? k DriU c r °" Cleveland Ohio! '. ! '. [ ' 79
Cochise Machine Co.. Los Angeles. Cal _
S En^*^ 1 ?^ & ^ Co - SaVi Francisco'. '.54
Collins & Webb. Inc.. Los Angeles. Cal 19
Colorado Iron Works. Denver . . 70
Crane Co.. Chicago. PI Vn 11
Crescent Belt Fastener Co.. New York.'.'.'.'.'. .71
Deister Concentrator Co.. Fort Wayne Ind 69
Deister Machine Co.. Fort Wayne Ind 80
Denver Engineerimr Works Denver
Denver Fire Clay Co.. Denver. ^7
Denver Quartz Mill & Crusher Co..' Denver" ' " " —
Sf?Z5* 5°<* ?n" & Mfg. Co.. Denver. ;'*17
Detroit Graphite Co.. Detroit. Mich. tL
Diamond Rubber Co.. Akron. Ohio
Divnn ri!^V C ^ epa T rator Co - Milwaukee'. 'Wis! —
Dixon Crucible Co.. Joseph, Jersey City N J 7
Dobbins Core Drill Co.. New York. ' ' -1
Dodge Sales & Eng. Co.. Mishawaka." Ind". '.'."' 8
Dorr Company. The. Denver 77
Drake Lock -Nut Co.. San Francisco.".'.".'; _
Du Pont de Nemours & Co.. Wilmington, Del! '. '.—
Elmer. H. N.. Chicago
Elsol Concentrating Co.. Los Angeles, Cal fin
Empire Zinc Co., Denver. Colo ..... . .31 ;;;;;; 76
Page
Fairbanks. Morse & Co.. Chicago —
Fate-Root-Heath Co., Plymouth Ohio 14
Fawcus Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa 59
Filter Fabrics Co.. Salt Lake City, Utah —
Finn Metal Works, John, San Francisco 76
Flexible Steel Lacing Co.. Chicago 4S
Florida Wood Products Co.. Jacksonville, Fla . . . 60
Four Wheel Drive Motor Truck Co., Clinton-
ville. Wis —
Frenier & Son, Rutland. Vt 55
Gahgher Machy. Co.. Salt Lake City. Utah 60
Gandy Belting Co., Baltimore, Md 67
Gardner Governor Co., Quinsy, HI —
Garlord Motor Truck Co., Lima. Ohio 75
Garratt & Co., W. T.. San Francisco 48
General Briquetting Co., New York 76
General Electric Co.. Schenectady, N. Y 29
General Engineering Co., Salt Lake City. Utah. .28
General Naval Stores, New York 61
Giant Powder Co.. San Francisco —
Gibson, W. W.. San Francisco —
Goodrich Rubber Co.. B. F.. Akron. Ohio —
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio.... —
Grubnau, Bryant & Grubnau. Waldo, N. M 77
Hardinge Company, New York —
Harrington & King Perforating Co.. Chicago... 71
Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. & Supply Co.. Denver. . 4
Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del —
Herman. John. Los Angeles. Cal 61
Hickok & Hickok. San Francisco 41
Holt Mfg. Co.. Peoria. Ill —
Hyatt Roller Bearing Co.. New York . . . 22
Ingersoll-Rand Co.. New York 42-43
International Smelting Co., New York 76
Jackson Compressor Co.. Denver 55
Jackson Iron Works. Byron, San Francisco. .. .56
James Ore Concentrator Co.. Newark, N. J 59
Jardine Mach. Co.. San Francisco 50
Jasper Stone Co., Sioux City, Iowa 71
Justrite Mfg. Co., Chicago —
Kimball Co.. F. L.. Los Angeles, Cal —
Krogh Pump & Mach. Co., San Francisco —
Lake Superior Loader Co., Duluth. Minn 55
Lane Mill & Mach. Co., Los Angeles, Cal 69
Leschen & Sons Rope Co.. St. Louis, Ma 59
Lietz Co., A.. San Francisco 73
Lidgerwood Mfg. Co.. New York —
Linde Air Products Co.. New York • —
Llewellyn Iron Works. Los Angeles —
Longyear Co.. E. J,. Minneapolis. Minn 56
Los Angeles Foundry Co.. Los Angeles, Cal. . . .77
Ludlow-Saylor Wire Co., St. Louis, Mo 5
Lufkin Rule Co., Saginaw. Mich 55
Lunkenheimer Co., The, Cincinnati, Ohio 15
Main Belting Co.. Philadelphia. Pa 33
Marathon Mill & Mach. Works, Chicago —
Marshall-Newell Sup. Co.. San Francisco —
McMyler-Interstate Co., Cleveland. Ohio —
Meese & Gottfried Co.. San Francisco 80
Merrill Co.. San Francisco 57
Midvale Steel & Ordnance Co.. Philadelphia. . . —
Mine & Smelter Sup. Co., New York
Front Cover
Minneapolis Steel & Mach. Co.. Minneapolis. . . .26
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.. New York. . .27
Morse Bros. Machy. & Sup. Co., Denver
50-51-52-53-54
Mutual Truck Co., Sullivan. Ind —
National Tank & Pipe Co., Portland, Ore 53
National Tube Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa 20
Nevada Eng. & Supply Co., Reno, Nev 53
Page
New York Engineering Co.. New York Sfl
Nordberg Mfg. Co., Milwaukee. Wis 34
Norwalk Iron Works Co.. So. Norwalk. Conn.. —
Novo Engine Co.. Lansing, Mich —
Nuttall Co.. R. D., Pittsburgh. Pa —
Ocean Shore Iron Works. San Francisco —
Oliver Continuous Filter Co., San Francisco. . . . 38
Opportunity Pages "jO-54
Ottumwa Iron Works. Ottumwa. Iowa —
Oxweld Acetylene Co., New York 46
Pacific Pipe Co., San Francisco 52
Pacific Tank & Pipe Co., San Francisco 44
Paraffine Companies. Inc.. San Francisco —
Pelton Water Wheel Co.. San Francisco 57
Pensacola Tar & Turpentine Co.. Gull Point. Fla. 61
Pioneer Rubber Mills, San Francisco —
Pneumatic Process Flotation Co. New York... —
Pollack Steel Co., Cincinnati. Ohio —
Porter Co.. H. K.. Pittsburgh. Pa —
Positions Available 52
Positions Wanted 51
Powell Co.. Wm., Cincinnati. Ohio 71
Prescott Co.. The. Menominee. Mich 9
Prest-O-Lite Co.. New York —
Professional Directory 62-66
Redwood Mfrs. Co.. San Francisco 39
Rix Compressed Air & Drill Co.. San Francisco. —
Roebling's Sons Co., John A.. Trenton. N. J. . . .77
Roessler & Hasslacher Chem. Co.. New York. . .77
Rosenburg & Co., Los Angeles. Cal —
Sacramento Pipe Works, Sacramento, Cal 75
San Francisco Plating Works. San Francisco. . .54
Senn Concentrator Co.. San Francisco —
Siebe. Gorman Co.. Ltd.. Chicago —
Simpson Co.. A. H.. San Francisco 49
Smith Co.. S. Morgan. York, Pa 67
Smooth-On Mfg. Co.. Jersey City. N. J o9
Southwestern Engineering Co., Los Angeles....—
Standard Oil Co.. San Francisco —
Steams-Roger Mfg. Co.. Denver. Colo 50
Stimpson Equipment Co.. Salt Lake City 2
Straub Mfg. Co., Oakland. Cal —
Sullivan Machinery Co.. Chicago 37
Surplus Property Division (Quartermaster Gen-
eral), Washington, D. C —
I
Thompson Balance Co.. Denver 67
Traylor Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Allentown, Pa 21
Trent. Goodwin M., San Francisco 77 j
Union Construction Co., San Francisco 36
United Filters Corp.. Salt Lake City. Utah. . . .3-
United Naval Stores. New York 60
U. S. Iron Works, Seattle, Wash —
United States Rubber Co.. New York 35
U. S. Smelting, Refining & Mining Co.. Boston. .75
Wahl & Co.. H. R., Chicago, 111 —
War Department (Surplus Property Division).
Washington, D. C —
Water-bury Co., New York o*>
Western Machinery Co.. Los Angeles. Cal —
Western Wheeled Scraper Co., Aurora. 111. . . . . —
Western Wood Pipe Publicity Bureau, Seattle. 1
Wash , 1-s-ltf
Westinghouse Ele'c". & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh.
Pa. 18
White Co.. The. Cleveland, Ohio 47 I
Whitney & Lass. Juneau. Alaska — 1
Wildberg Bros.. San Francisco . - - - • -77
Williams Imp. Stretcher Co.. Wheeling. W. Va. .54 ,
Wolf Safety Lamp Co.. Brooklyn. NY....... — I
Worthington Pump & Machy. Corp.. New Y ™.-.,- j
Yuba Manufacturing Co., San Francisco 76
Zelnicker Supply Ca.. Walter A.. St. Louis —
^mmiiunuiuuufuiiiiuiijiijiiitijiiiiitii tiiiiiiiiitiuiiiiiuiMiiiiiiiMiMifiiiiiiiitiitiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiKiitiiiiniitiiiitiiiiiiiitiiiiit tiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiitiifinitiitutiiiiiiuiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinuiiiiRiiiiiJiui
■ii iiiimiiimiiJiiiminiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimimiimifiiiiim
lumiiiiiiilliilimmiiiiiiiiim iimiiimimiiimiiimmm)
Taylor Spiral Riveted Pipe
346 Pounds Pressure
Incaoro Mines, near LaPaz, Bolivia, S. A.
"The handling of all this material was particularly severe, aa It had
to be transferred twice at New York, several times at the Isthmus of
Panama, again at Mollendo, and many times more during- the inland
journey, ending with a haul of 120 miles on the backs of mules. In
all, there were more than twenty transfers of each shipment, yet the
material was bo well packed, and waa itself so substantial (particularly
the Forged Steel Flanges), that there was no loss by breakage.
"Your pipe and your promptness in shipping, I can only Bay affords a
great favor to anyone In a distant country, and I cannot recommend it
toe highly. ,._ . ,
"Very truly yours,
"(Signed) D. C. BRICKER. Gen. Mgr..
Catalogue and Special prices on request. "Incaoro Mines."
AMERICAN SPIRAL PIPE WORKS
Chicago, 111.
iiimniiimiiimmiiiii 1 mi iiiiiiimim niitiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitii
iiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiHiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiMi:
.lulv :;. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
79
The Foremost Dewatering Device
The Highest Development ol the Modern Filler
The Portland Continuous Filter
Filters heavy tonnages of flotation concentrates rapidly and inexpensively.
Delivers concentrates direct to cars or bins with a moisture content frequently as low as 8
or 10%. It pays for itself by reducing shipping costs and eliminating waste in handling.
Every Portland Is a complete machine. Patented features
give unequaled precision and ease of adjustment, even
delivery of evenly dewatered cake, low upkeep and steady
service.
Used by the foremost mining companies, Smuggler-
Union, Portland Gold Mining, Utah Copper, Timber Butte,
American Zinc, Chino Copper, U. S. Smelting, Ref. & Min-
ing, Butte & Superior, Nevada Cons., etc.
There is a very strong probability that the Portland Con-
tinuous Filter can make your mill earn additional profits.
Send for a copy of new Bulletin 28-C and see.
No anxiety about patent litigation, no royalty to pay. We
guarantee that the Portland Continuous Filter does not
infringe any legal rights of other patent owners.
Colorado Iron Works Co.
Ore Milling Machinery and Smelting Equipment Since 1860
30 Church St. n»nin>r Cnln
new york, n. y. L»enver, ^OIO.
Cleveland Products - ^
Are Built for Hard Work
Cleveland "Pocket-In-Head" Rotators are quality
products. Every detail in construction has been
so perfected as to deliver the greatest service. Drop
forgings have been used throughout. The steel is carefully
selected, the machinists who make Cleveland drills are all
experts in this line and the majority of them have been in the company's
employ for years and take real pride in maintaining our high standard.
The result is a product that will not fall down on the job but which
will deliver a greater footage at a lower eost.
SEND FOR BULLETIN 38
IT DESCRIBES IT COMPLETELY
Cleveland Rock Drill Company
3734 E. 78th St.,
CLEVELAND, OHIO
EASTERN HEADQUARTERS:
Guy Gregory. Mgr.
Room 536. 39 Church St.. New York City.
MIDDLE WEST HEADQUARTERS:
A. C. Most. M&r.
570 Gas & Electric Bldg:., Denver. Colo.
PACIFIC COAST HEADQUARTERS:
C. J. Albert, Mgr.
515 Mission St.. San Francisco, Cal.
Canadian Trade supplied by
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. of Canada. Ltd.,
Toronto, Ont.
80
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 3, 1920 ■
PLAT-O
NOTE the SIMPLICITY and EXCELLENCE
i
Deck Bearings are self-oiling
Br Headmotion is entirely
■ 7 enclosed and self-
oiling.
m The main channel m
J frame is no longer ^^
used.
Write (or Full Particular* of the
PLAT-O TABLE
MANUFACTURED AND SOLD EXCLUSIVELY BY
DEISTER MACHINE COMPANY
East Wayne Street manufacturers of the well known Fort Wayne, Ind., U. S. A.
DEISTER SIMPLEX TABLES and CONE BAFFLE CLASSIFIERS
E. DEISTER. Pio. ud Go. Mv. W. F. DEISTER. Vice Pro. E. G. HOFFMAN. Seer, mi Treu.
Meeseco Drives
A Perfect Short Center Silent Drive
A system of belt driving at "short
centers"superseding high speed
chains or gears,- it is not a belt
tightener that exerts strain on
shaft and bearings, it is a drive
scientifically designed to wrap
a belt on a small pulley without
straining shafts or bearings.
JUmt kdottfriei dompanlj
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS
CONVEYING. ELEVATING. SCREENING
AND MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMITTING
MACHINERY
SANFRANCISCO SEATTLE PORTLAND LOS ANGELES
660 Mission Street 558 First Ave. Co 67 Front Street. San Pedro SE3n) ft
m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 n h 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1
illlNlllllllUMIIMMIIIIIIIIIIIIIlll 1 1 1 II II II II til 1 1 1 1 II I I II 1 1 1 1 1 It II II II II 1 1 1 Ml III M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 II II 111111 1 1 III 1 1 1 I II II 1 1 II I II II 1 1 ,1 III I II I II II 1 1 II II II 1 1 III II I II
EDITORIAL STAFF
T. A. RlCKARD. Editor
a.. Parsons, associate editor
3. Parsons. Associate Editor
MBDOfll HIM
Member Audit Bureau of Circulation*
Member Auociated Buaioesa Pftpcra, Inc.
ESTABLISHED I860
Pubtithcd at ifo Markd St, Stan Francisco,
by the Dctvey PulUWiino Own jot hi/
BUSINESS STAFF
C.T. Hutchinson, manager
E. h, Leslie, eoo fisher bos., chicaco
F. A. WEISLE, 3514 wool. worth Bog.. N.Y.
ii imiiiiiii iimitiiiriiinm iiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiin iiiiiniliiuitililltl in iiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiimmimnmii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiintiiiiiiiiiitiiitiimitiiiiiimiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiih'
SCIENCE HAS NO ENEHY 8AVK THE IGNORANT
Iwued Every Saturday
San Francisco, July 10, 1920
$4 per Year — 15 CtsntB per Copy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
;
Page
EDITORIAL.
NOTES 37
BAD LANGUAGE 39
Bewildering terms used by a competent mining
engineer in discussing the mining industry of Jop-
lin. Not intelligible to average engineer. Ex-
amples of localisms in various other districts.
These corruptions sacrifice precision of scientific
writing.
THE WORK OF CONGRESS 40
The Railroad Transportation Act and the Water
Power Act. Bills of interest to mining fraternity.
Proposed Department of Public Works.
DISCUSSION
A CALL TO ARMS
By A. E. Zeh 41
A Non-Partisan party with Herbert Hoover at its
head. Too much of the professional politician.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SMELTING
By C. W. Tandy 41
Smelting and melting. Flotation concentrate as
a substitute for pulverized coal as a fuel. Semi-
continuous operation of the copper-converter.
A CODE OF ETHICS
By A. T. Parsons 42
Why have a 'Code of Ethics' anyway? Double
standard for professional and business men not
right.
THE CASE OIL-FIRED ASSAY-FURNACE
By F. Borzynsky 42
Comment on criticism of an article in the 'Press'
of May 15. Improvements in new model of the
furnace.
BOOKS WRITTEN IN A HURRY
By M. W. von Bernewitz 4 3
'Herbert Hoover: The Man and His Work', by
Vernon Kellogg. Inaccuracy as to material facts
in the book.
RECENT METALLURGY AT TRAIL, B. C.
By P. R. Hines 44
Dings magnetic separators. The applicability of
these machines.
Page
ARTICLES
ELECTROLYTIC SEPARATION OF COPPER FROM
A COPPER-COBALT-NICKEL MATTE
By R. G. Knickerbocker 45
Products delivered to the copper department. Sun-
dry difficulties. The leaching-plant. Operation of
the electrolytic department. Starting-sheet prob-
lems; remedies. The furnace refinery.
EARLY DAYS ON THE RAND
By J. E. Clennell 51
Gold on the 'banket' first found in 1885. Found-
ing of Johannesburg. Boom-days on the Rand.
Difficulties of transportation. The Stock Ex-
change. Newspapers.
PULVERIZED COAL IN METALLURGICAL FUR-
NACES AT CERRO DE PASCO
By Otis L. Mclntyre 55
Preliminary work. Experiments with Dwight-
Lloyd sintering machines. Pulverized coal in the
blast-furnaces. Difficulties. Reverberatories. Re-
sult of experiments is the equipping of all furnaces
with coal-dust burners.
THE LAS CHISPAS MINE, IN SONORA, MEXICO
By Fernando Monti jo Jr 58
Situation of the mine. Geology. Habits of min-
eralization. Mining methods. Local history of
the enterprise.
THREE HOURS WITH THE DEMOCRATS
By C. T. H 61
The Convention at San Francisco. First-hand im-
pressions. The augmented brass band. 'Dixie'.
Sundry quartettes. Proclaiming the merits of rival
candidates. More 'Dixie'. The fate of Senator
Reed. Keynoting of the permanent chairman.
Republicans denounced and their platform demol-
ished.
NOTES
SAFETY IN UNDERGROUND HAULAGE 44
JAMES M. COX 62
DEPARTMENTS
REVIEW OF MINING 63
THE MINING SUMMARY 71
PERSONAL 72
OBITUARY 72
THE METAL MARKET 73
EASTERN METAL MARKET 74
Established May 24, 1860. as The Scientific Press: name changed October
'20 of the same year to Mining and Scientific Press.
Entered at the San E'rai Cisco post-office as second-class matter. Cable
'address: Pertusola.
Branch Offices — Chicago, 600 Fisher Bdg\: New York, 3514 Woolworth
Bdg.: London, 724 Salisbury House. E.C.
Price. 15 cents per copy. Annual subscription, payable in advance:
United States and Mexico. S4: Canada. $5: other countries. S6.
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
Marcy Mills Are Made For Any Capacity Plant
I T is worth your while to investigate the
Marcy "One Easy Step" method of ore
reduction, even though your plant be
small.
The same savings in crushing costs being
made in large operations as at Inspiration,
Braden and Kennecott, are possible in
your own smaller mill.
The Marcy patented discharge is only one
of many features which distinguish the
"One Easy Step" method.
MARCY
BALL_»M!LL
\Literature describing the Marcy Mill best
suited to your requirements will be sent if
you will write an outline of conditions.
The Mine and Smelter Supply Company
Denver Salt Lake City El Paso
New York Office: 42 Broadway
Headquarters for Mine, Mill and Smelter Equipment.
Large Stocks in Denver, Salt Lake City, \El Paso.
Julv 10. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
37
T. A. K./CKMSD, .... Editor
IHIIItlllllllllllllllltllllllllllMlllllllllllltllllirillllllllllllllllltllllllllMllilllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllJltllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllirill
imlllllnlllllllllllnllllllllll
1V7"E take pleasure in publishing a description of the
** structural geology of the Las Chispas mine, in
Sonora, by Mr. Fernando Montijo Jr., the Mexican en-
gineer in charge of the property. It is gratifying to
see the native-born taking a proper part in the develop-
ment of the mineral resources of the country ; it is also
pleasant to find a Mexican 'technician so well able to
express himself in our language.
A T a time when the high, cost of everything, including
-**- government, is impressed upon all of us, it is regret-
table that fifty Congressmen, with their wives and fami-
lies, should start oil a junket to the islands of the Pacific
at the expense of the taxpayers. The transport 'Great
Northern ' sailed on July 5 with this party aboard. It is
to be "a long cruise" among the islands, including the
Philippines. We would like to know who authorized this
public extravagance and what excuse there is offered for
it. One of our local Congressmen is in- the party; he
should be asked to make an explanation.
/~kN another page we publish an article on the eleetro-
^-' lytic separation of copper from copper-cobalt-nickel
matte as performed at Fredericktown, Missouri. The
article is by Mr. R. G. Knickerbocker, who described the
incidence of bolshevism on mining in Siberia in our issue
of May 8. Mr. Knickerbocker is now smelter superinten-
dent of the Messina Transvaal Development Company,
for which Mr. A. B. Emery is resident manager, in the
Transvaal. The results of experiments and investigations
into the production of a suitable solution of nickel and
cobalt are given frankly, and they should prove helpful
to others in like difficulties. It is rarely that the record
of such work is given for publication, yet it is exactly
the kind of information that is most useful.
T T is about time that San Francisco had a real morning
■*■ newspaper. The Democratic convention adjourned on
Saturday night at 11 : 40, after the 22nd ballot, yet the
'Examiner' of Sunday morning had no news later than
the 20th ballot, whereas the 'Chronicle' did tell its read-
ers that the Convention had adjourned, but failed to give
the figures of the last ballot. On the following Tuesday
morning the 'Chronicle' on its front page announced a
deadlock at the 41st ballot, although shortly after mid-
night Governor Cox had been nominated. Of course, the
people of this community know that both our morning
papers go to press in the evening and are on sale soon after
nine o'clock; both are belated evening papers: but the
delegates from other cities must have remarked the pitiful
lack of enterprise exhibited by both of them in failing
to make an effort to record the doings of the Convention
with some degree of promptitude. Owing to its geo-
graphical position, San Francisco offers extraordinary
opportunities to a wide-awake publisher, but unfortu-
nately our miserable morning newspapers are as note-
worthy for the lack of worthy enterprise as they are
notorious for their meanness and untrustworthiness.
CTATISTICIANS of the Department of Agriculture
*-^ declare that the countiy-wide shortage of farm labor
has been constantly increasing until now it is 28%.
There is no reason to doubt that this figure is approxi-
mately correct and it is entirely logical to conclude that
unless there come a change the farmers will not be able
to produce sufficient foodstuffs to supply the hundred
million people in our own country. Even if the farmers
could by extraordinary effort supply the deficiency, they
would not do it ; nor should it be expected of them. With
an under-supplied market the same amount of profit can
be obtained from 75 bushels of potatoes or 75 hogs as can
be realized from 100, and like the rest of us the farmer
sees no reason why he should not take advantage of his
position. That is one reason the prices of foods are not
coming down with those of some other commodities. The
only solution is a return of workers to the farms. This
may be brought about by a further increase in the prices
of farm products to a point that will influence more
people to engage in farming for themselves, and attract
laborers to seek work on the farms at higher wages than
they are getting in the so-called industrial occupations,
which now offer a number of agreeable advantages in
addition to better pay. An alternative is a sudden de-
pression in industrial activity that would force the work-
ers to seek employment in agricultural occupations rather
than be idle. Whether we are engineers or laborers,
merchants or clerks, we are interested in the farmer and
the farm as being the source of that first essential com-
modity, food. Food we must have ; but we will have to
pay for it at a rate such that after sundry retailers,
wholesalers, brokers, and packers have taken a toll there
is enough left to make it worth while for someone to
produce it. There are many angles to the problem, but
it is safe to say that hope for material gain, rather than
38
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
an altruistic sense of responsibility to a hundred million
stomachs, will re-fill the places of the missing 28%.
A CCORDING to the report of the third annual meeting
■**■ of the Anglo- American Corporation of South Africa,
that enterprise is making satisfactory progress. We note
that Mr. Walter McDermott has joined the directorate,
largely in consequence of the absorption of the Rand
Selection Corporation, a subsidiary of the Consolidated
Mines Selection Company, a successful enterprise with
which Mr. McDermott has been identified from the start,
in 1897. The Anglo-American has acquired the con-
trolling interest in the Consolidated Diamond Mines of
South-West Africa, which owns the diamantiferous area
in the former German territory. A report was presented
to the meeting by our friend Mr. W. L. Honnold, an
American mining engineer well known in our West, and,
as we recall, a graduate of the Michigan College of Mines.
Mr. Honnold used to be manager of the Brakpan mine
on the Rand. He gave an interesting description of the
gravel from which the diamonds are washed, and quoted
an estimate indicating that the diamond-field should
yield 15 million carats. We note that the four principal
diamond-producing companies in South Africa have
agreed to restrict the production, each company being
allowed a prescribed quota. The amount of annual sales
is fixed at £12,000,000, of which De Beers is to contribute
51%, South-West Africa 21%, the Premier 18%, and
Jagersfontein 10%. The minor producers are left to
their own devices, which must be a comfort to them. The
Anglo-American Corporation also holds blocks of shares
in mining companies on the Rand. Mr. B. Oppenheimer,
the chairman of the meeting, and of the corporation,
stated that the premium on gold has been entirely ab-
sorbed by the increased expense, due to higher wages,
the advance in the cost of supplies, the rise in banking
exchange on London from Johannesburg, and the less-
ened efficiency of labor. The corporation is capitalized
for £4,000,000 and has paid a dividend of 5% on account
of the first half of the current year.
"DERHAPS the most ludicrous thing at the Democratic
■*■ powwow was the speech of Mr. Charles F. X.
O'Brien, who placed before the convention the name of
Governor Edwards, banker, vestryman, teetotaler, but
avowed champion of the 'wet' cause. The speech was all
the funnier because Mr. O'Brien had an impressively
pompous demeanor; he took himself with exceeding se-
riousness — possibly to make up for the lack of it in the
attitude of the delegates toward himself and his candi-
date. If, 40 years ago. before even Kansas had given
prohibition a serious thought, some foe of booze had hired
a yeggman to break into the vault wherein the Constitu-
tion reposes, and had in the middle of the night inscribed
the 18th amendment on that revered document; and if
the Supreme Court, upon discovering next morning the
presence of this revolutionary addendum, had decreed,
sapiently, that what has been writ could not be nnwrit.
but must become the law of the laud ; if these remarkable
events had transpired, the speech of Mr. O'Brien might
then have been comprehensible. His contention was that
the people should have had a voice in a question of such
serious moment ; but that since by some mystic chicanery
this amendment had been foisted on us, a candidate
should be named for President who would make it his
purpose to enable "the citizenry of the great and
glorious, etc. ", to raise its voice in protest. We can appre-
ciate the argument of those who believe that the amend-
ment infringes upon their personal liberty ; we can
sympathize with those who were wont to worship at the
shrine of John Barleycorn ; but we have no patience with
the man who is so stupid as to insist that prohibition was
put over on the people by some exterior force without
their knowing it. What about the 45 States that have
collectively and individually ratified the amendment ? If
the liquor people or anyone else want to continue the
argument why not advance this line of reasoning : ' ' By
an overwhelming majority we let ourselves in for some-
thing. Having found out how it works some of us are
sorry. Perhaps there are enough sorry ones to cany a
vote for reconsideration."
f^ OMPLYING with the order of Federal Judge Bour-
^"* quin in the suit of Minerals Separation against the
Butte & Superior company for alleged infringement of
froth-flotation patents, the defendant has filed a complete
record of operations since 1911 when its ore was shipped
to the old mill at Basin, Montana, for the purpose of de-
veloping a satisfactory scheme of treatment. A complete
record of ore mined and milled, concentrates produced
and marketed, costs, and earnings is included in these
data and the • terms of the contracts under which the
product was sold to sundry smelting companies are given.
Some months ago the Butte & Superior filed an account-
ing in which it calculated that approximately $400,000
represented the difference between the actual proceeds
from the company's operations and what could have been
obtained if the patents of Minerals Separation as defined
by the decision of the Supreme Court had not been in-
fringed. This was not satisfactory to the owners of the
patents. They obtained the order for the additional data,
which have now been furnished, and from them the ex-
perts doubtless will proceed to calculate supposed dam-
ages running into millions of dollars. Last week Mr.
Huston Thompson, of the Federal Trade Commission,
opened hearings in San Francisco against Minerals Sep-
aration, on the charge of using unfair and coercive
methods in attempting to prevent legitimate use of the
flotation process.
'"PHE prospect in Mexico is less gloomy than for many
-*- months ; in fact at the moment the outlook may con-
servatively be described as cheerful. It is true that
Pancho Villa has been entertaining himself at the ex-
pense of Generals Jesus Guajardo, Ignacio Enriquez, and
Joaquin Amaro, but General Eugenio Martinez and Col.
Sandoval are about to take command and these sterling
soldiers are expected to comb the mountains of Chihua-
hua until Pancho is apprehended. We wish them well.
General Jacinto Trevino. Secretary of Commerce and
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
,■:>
Industry in the cabinet of Provisional President Adolfo
l>c la llueita. lias not as yet agreed 1" nullify the objec-
tionable restrictions regulating drilling tor oil that were
instituted by the Carranza regime, hut he has shown a
willingness to consider the contentions of the oil com-
panies. This attitude has increased confidence among the
American and other interests, and record production is
being made. More than 11 million barrels was shipped
during May and the Standard of New Jersey recently
hnuight in a new well with a daily capacity of 100,000
barrels. It is reported that trains are running without
military escort, an unusual thing in the country south
of the Rio Grande ; the Government has ordered the re-
turn of property confiscated years ago ; and General
Elias P. Calles, Secretary for War, has diverted the
energy of many of the soldiers from plundering to road-
building and other profitable work. Other indications
of a return to normal are labor strikes at Puerto, in the
State of Vera Cruz, and at Leguna, in Coahuila. Gen-
eral Calles, upon being appealed to, ordered the release
of union leaders, who had been arrested, declaring as he
did so that "the right to strike is sacred". Reports from
Sonora are to the effect that the outlook has stimulated
mining activity. A number of mills have resumed opera-
tion lately and several old mines are again producing,
while at others unwatering has been started. At Nacozari
the Phelps Dodge Corporation is planning to double the
capacity of the Moctezuma concentrator, the project in-
cluding the installation of seven new Diesel oil-engines.
According to 'El Democrata', all of the political factions
have agreed to support the candidacy of General Alvaro
Obregon and he will presumably be chosen President at
the general election, which has been set for September 5.
Whether or not these favorable reports reflect the true
state of affairs, and if so, whether this is simply a lull
before another storm, is hard to say. It is difficult to
believe that any radical change has taken place, and that
the fundamental causes for turmoil have been removed,
but if there is ever to be lawful order and peaceful in-
dustry a start must be made some time. Let us hope
that the time has come.
Bad Language
A few days ago we picked up a paper on the mining
industry of Joplin presented before the recent meeting
of the Zinc Institute at Chicago. We were impelled to
read it because it bore the name of a man whom we knew
' to be a competent mining engineer. After reading a
couple of paragraphs we laid it down in despair, because
we found ourselves unable to follow the author in his
statements concerning the condition of mining in that
Missourian district. The reason for our bewilderment
was the use of terms to which a local meaning was at-
tached. It is more than probable that other readers,
even those familiar with the literature of mining in
places in which the language of America and of several
other countries is spoken, would have been non-plussed as
we were. The author of the paper in question, in accord
with local usage, wrote of "ores" when he meant 'con-
centrates', namely, lead concentrate and zinc concen-
trate. When he spoke of "blende ore" and "calamine
ore", he meant the mill-products containing a high pro-
portion of the sulphide and the silicate of zinc, respec-
tively. It is not his fault, nor ours, that in Europe the
name 'calamine' stands for the carbonate of zinc, ami
that there the silicate is called 'smithsonite'. This is
mentioned by the way, just to suggest the need for the
adoption of a uniform nomenclature. Moreover, in Mis-
souri, it appears, they talk of a "lead ore" and a "galena
ore" interchangeably, although they differentiate be-
tween a "zinc ore" and a "calamine ore". Again, the
"ore" may be the crude, but selected, product from the
mine or it may be the concentrated product from the
mill. To tell the truth, we had intended to publish the
Joplin article in this paper, because it was a good review
of the progress of the industry in that district, hut we
were not sufficiently confident of the meaning of the
terms used to be able to translate them into correct tech-
nical English, although we have been to Joplin and know
something of the local lingo. Therefore we did not feel
warranted in editing the paper for the benefit of our
readers, who otherwise would have been unable to under-
stand it. We ask, what chance had an intelligent reader
at London, Melbourne, Shanghai, Vancouver, or Lima of
understanding this paper as read before the Zinc Insti-
tute at Chicago ? A plague on these localisms ! They
are not even discriminating in their own way, largely
because they reproduce the usage of the stope and mill.
As we have said often, it is well for us to go to the miner
and the mill-man for knowledge concerning the mining
and milling of ore, because that is their special business,
but wli3' in the names of Roget and March should technical
writers, who are supposed to be specialists in their busi-
ness, which, among other things, is to write intelligibly,
go to the artisan and the mechanic for the terms they
use in their writing or speaking? Joplin is not peculiar
in its adoption of a half-baked terminology. At Central
City, Colorado, it is the established custom to speak of
the pyritic concentrate, containing gold and silver, and
sometimes copper, as "tailings". There used to be a
regular trade in "tailings", this mill-product being
bought in small lots by brokers for the purpose of pre-
paring a mixture upon which advantageous terms could
be obtained from the smelters at Denver. Everybody
spoke of "tailings", when they meant not the discard or
refuse from the stamp-milling and bumping-table opera-
tions, but the valuable sulphidic concentrate. Such
usage beggars language. To say it is unscientific is not
enough ; it is puerile. In Boulder county, Colorado, the
miners speak of "hornblende", when they mean the
dark agatized quartz, 'homstone'. Shall we copy that
blunder and introduce it into the literature of mining,
just because some excellent single-hand miners happen
not to know what they are talking about 1 In the Michigan
copper country they call their ore "rock" and their
crushing-plant at the shaft a "rock-house". They do
not use the term 'ore'. Only last week a distinguished
engineer, formerly connected with the Calumet & Hecla,
told us that it was his understanding that the word 'ore'
40
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
could not be applied properly to an economic mine-
product containing metal in the native state, 'and that
"copper rock" was as correct, for example, as "gold
quartz". The answer is that both are technically in-
correct, the verbal coinage of unscientific people unable
to speak or write with discrimination. The "gold
quartz" of California is a misfit, because the ore of the
Mother Lode, for example, contains only a minor pro-
portion of quartz, the preponderant constituent being
slate. Gold is associated with quartz in most veins, all
over the world, but not in all; the product of the mine
usually contains some quartz and a minute proportion
of gold, so that "gold quartz" is not accurately de-
scriptive; moreover it ignores the economic factor, that
is. whether the proportion of gold is sufficient to make
the rock an 'ore'. This last is a term with which we
cannot afford to play fast and loose ; it is defined as rock
contaning a valuable mineral in such proportion as to
constitute an economic product, that is, one that can
be exploited, at a given time and place, profitably. The
idea of profit is implicit, for mining is performed for
the purpose of making money. 'Mineral', of course,
includes native metal ; native copper is as much a min-
eral as chalcoeite, native silver as argentite, native gold
as ealaverite. "Copper rock", on the face of it, means
a rock containing copper or made up largely of copper;
but the idea of profitable exploitation is not there.
"Copper ore" carries the essential significance of eco-
nomic value. The test is to take such local vulgarisms
as those we have quoted from Joplin, Central City,
Houghton, and Sutter Creek, and ask persons well in-
formed in mining affairs in other districts what they
mean. The misleading character of these spurious terms
will then become manifest, for their descriptive value
will be found to be far below par; they pass current
locally, like the token coinage of a depreciated currency.
To some people exactitude in these matters is meticu-
lous. They do not realize how spurious words get into
use in consequence of a careless attitude on the part of
those who ought to know better. It is common to speak
of "slack lime" or "slacked lime", when, of course, the
right word is 'slake' or 'slaked'. "Slack" means nothing
in regard to lime; 'slake' is beautifully descriptive of
the manner in which lime absorbs water with a sizzle,
like a thirsty man on a hot day. The same people talk
of a "larry", which is not a word in our language; they
mean ' lorry '. They use such abstract terms as ' ' capping ' '
and "filling" in lieu of the concrete and precise 'cap'
and 'fill'. They use "muck" and "dirt", which signify
nothing. "Feldspar" came into use simply because
Kirwan in his book on mineralogy failed to detect a
typographical error, whereby a 'd' was inserted in
'felspar'. A majority, it is sad to say, of technical men
use 'data' as if it were a singular and as if it were a
synonym for 'information'. Many miners speak of
"stratas". Are we to be the unprotesting victims of
such illiteracies? Is it not worth while to preserve our
language from such corruptions for the sake not only
of our literary inheritance from the great ones of the
past, from Chaucer and Shakespeare, from Addison and
Ruskin, but also for the sake of that precision of ex-
pression upon which all scientific writing depends if it
is to serve as a means of exact statement ?
The Work of Congress
Tradition was perpetuated by Congress in the session
that began on December 1 and ended just in time for
the Republican senators to participate in the 'delibera-
tions' at Chicago last month. Much was said and little
was accomplished in the way of passing bills. The
Railroad Transportation Act, establishing the Railroad
Labor Board, before which hearings are now being
held in Chicago on the proposed increase in wages, and
the Water Power Act, which should stimulate the de-
velopment of hydro-electric projects for industrial power,
were among the few important pieces of legislation
actually accomplished. A number of bills of particular
interest to the mining fraternity were introduced. The
War Minerals Relief Bill, designed to permit appeal
from the decision of the Interior Department to the Court
of Claims or the Supreme Court, was passed by the Senate
and reported by the Mines committee of the House, at
which point progress was arrested. Representative Mc-
Fadden's bill providing a premium on newly mined gold
and at the same time placing an excise tax on gold used
in the arts and industries, was the subject of a series of
hearings before the House Committee on Ways and
Means. It will repose there until next December. The
Senate Committee on Finance reported bills previously
passed by the House that provide a tariff of magnesite,
tungsten, and zinc. Efforts to reach a vote on these
measures were unavailing because of the pressure of
multitudinous other affairs. Bills providing for duties
on antimony, baryte, chromium, graphite, manganese,
mercury, molybdenum, pyrite, and potash are pending
before the Ways and Means committee of the House, and
similar bills are in preparation dealing with mica, tin,
and lead. A bill recently introduced provides for the
creation of a division of mines and geology in the De-
partment of the Interior with an Assistant Secretary of
the Interior as the executive head. He shall be tech-
nically qualified by experience and education to direct
the affairs of the division, which shall undertake the pres-
ent activities of the Bureau of Mines and the Geological
Survey, together with such other work related to mining,
metallurgy, and geology as shall be designated by the
President. The purpose is to do away with the duplica-
tion of effort, and to co-ordinate activities of the several
offices. The creation of the proposed Department of
Public Works, which would result in the partial re-
organization of the various major departments of the
executive branch of the Government to consolidate in a
systematic way all engineering work, except the purely
military, appears to be a more important project and
deserving of attention first. The scheme to combine the
Bureau of Mines and the Geological Survey might be
found advisable later, but an overlapping of the work of
these two offices is not of sufficient moment urgently to
require attention.
h
-
N
•
.lulv 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
41
D I 3
I or NF
_'. '..IIHIIIMIII
llll llll.lnl.lll.
A Call to Arms
The Editor:
Sir — If you would help to save our country from tak-
ing a perpendicular course straight down to hell, pull
pff your coat and jump to it right now. There are sev-
eral million people in the United States ready to help in
this job. and several thousand in foreign countries who
will gladly come home and help to muck out the dirty
filth of politics which is scattered in heaps all over the
country.
This is the idea. In your paper from cover to cover,
and in the heaviest black type, advocate the organiza-
tion of a Non-Partisan Party and place at the head of
it Herbert Hoover. Let your motto be : ' ' Our govern-
ment must be run by the people, and not by a few pro-
fessional politicians." Ring out the motto in clarion
■ones across and up and down the land, and let it be
known that such a party stands for honest government
and will not be dominated by the stench of dirty politics
as has been done in the past by both the great parties.
Make it an open season on every kind of a politician, re-
gardless of creed, color or age, in any place or spot from
Town Constable up to Governor, frbm representatives in
State legislatures, to members of Congress and the Senate.
It certainly is high time something was done when two
tiandfuls of grafting party politicians can force down
)ur throats any candidate for President they may de-
sire, and then make us like it, just as has been done at
Chicago and will be done again at San Francisco.
The only remedy is for the people to refuse to jump
at the crack of the political whips and follow a selected
eader like a flock of sheep. They must organize a Non-
partisan Party, for elective offices, use lawyers very
iparingly. but lots of business men, accountants, engi-
leers. mechanics, doctors, and hard-headed farmers with
>r without whiskers. Then there would be a show to run
lur government on a business basis and put a stop to
lolitical graft, which, at the present time, is without end
ind growing worse all the time.
There must be a change in our political system very
oon and thinking people are demanding it. If this is
lot forthcoming, for the sake of decency, let us throw a
leavy mantle over the statute of Liberty so she cannot
Be ns as we go gaily sliding down the chutes to hell.
There, Mr. Editor, I feel a little bit better after get-
ing this load off my chest, but still feel a trifle sad.
lowever, I know a friend who has some raw and fiery
squila with a kick to it like a mule, so I know I shall be
inging like a mocking bird pretty soon, and by morning
I will be completely recovered and joyously looking for-
ward to another Mexican revolution.
A. E. Zeh.
Cananea, Mexico.
Some Observations on Smelting
The Editor:
Sir — For the questionable enlightenment of ' H. H. S. '
I wish to contribute some of my own thoughts on this
topic. His letter in your issue of June 19 was a real treat.
First, smelting may be defined as a melting with chem-
ical change producing liquids, separable by difference of
specific gravity. Second, it is to be observed, even though
high-grade material is added during converting, most of
the matte is fed to the converter as a molten mass. In
order to convert economically, a 40% to 50% matte is
required. Smelting, instead of simple melting, must
precede the converting; the progress of the ore being
from the roaster to the reverberatory, then to the con-
verter. The modern reverberatory is, as H. H. S. sug-
gests, a "nielter" since the furnace atmosphere is neutral,
or reducing, instead of oxidizing, as I was taught by my
good professor in days gone by.
The self -firing of reverberatories by blowing dry flota-
tion concentrate through the tuyeres as a substitute for
pulverized-eoal firing sounds reasonable, as most roasters
are self-firing. Others have anticipated the process. J.
H. Klepinger and Peter Thill (or J. H. Klepinger and
Archie Wheeler) all formerly with the old Boston and
Montana Reduction Works, at Great Falls, Montana,
have letters of patent covering the principle of calcine
(or concentrate) and pulverized coal being blown sepa-
rately into a reverberatory. To my knowledge no experi-
ments were ever made with the process.
According to the present-day practice the heat of roast-
ing finds a most important use, namely, in the drying of
concentrate as it descends through the roaster. In this
connection it should be observed that sometimes the heat
of the burned sulphur must be supplemented by extrane-
ous firing.
H. H. S. is normal. He seeks to accomplish an object
with the least effort. In the problem under consideration,
the aim is to produce copper direct from the ore. This
has been the ambition of a host of men. E. D. Peters in
his 'Practice of Copper Smelting' dwells on the attempts
to produce copper direct from the blast-furnace, without
converting. In recent time we have a twin converter
affair that was predicted to have possibilities. As I un-
derstand it. one chamber smelts and the other converts.
42
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
For my part I see no way to eliminate the reverberatory,
except to operate the converter semi-continuously instead
of in batches like a concrete mixer. This is to utilize the
surplus heat not necessary for liquidation to smelt the
dried concentrate (or calcine) so added. The blister cop-
per is to be drawn off from the bottom and the slag is to
be poured off the top.
This process once started would complete the cycle of
operation in the following order :
Drawing of copper.
Charging of materials.
Blowing for slag.
Pouring of slag — that is the surplus.
Blowing for copper.
On the other hand the usual process, self-primed or
rather reverberatory-primed, would complete the cycle of
operation in this order :
Charging of matte.
Blowing for slag.
Pouring of slag.
Blowing for copper.
Pouring of copper.
It matters not with which foot you start. Either will
take you to the same destination. This process would re-
semble a blast-furnace and reverberatory practice in that
the converter always contains molten material and differs
from them in that the matte is not produced continuously.
It differs from the ordinary converter practice in that the
converter always contains molten material.
C. W. Tandy.
Garfield, Utah, June 25.
A Code of Ethics
The Editor:
Sir— The '14 points' of the Code of Ethics of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers appearing in
your issue of June 19 and the editorial comment thereon
in your issue of July 3 have interested me, as, I suppose,
they have other members of the engineering profession.
The Code of the Mechanical Engineers is identical with
that prepared by the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, which was, I believe, the first among our engineer-
ing societies to go into competition with Moses. How-
ever, making codes, like the influenza, is infectious, so we
may expect the epidemic to spread to a number, at least,
of the other societies before it runs its course.
The objections raised in your editorial to specific pro-
visions of the Code are well founded, but the more im-
portant question, in my opinion, is. why have a special
code of professional ethics, or, in fact, any special code of
ethics ?
In the first, place, what good does it do? The spirit
behind these codes is doubtless excellent, but the ordinary
upright member of the profession has always observed the
spirit and will continue to do so, forgetting about the let-
ter. The shyster in the engineering professions, where
there is as yet no compulsion behind the adopted codes.
will continue to disregard both spirit and letter whenever
it appears to further his interests. In some of the other
professions, where there are various forms of compulsion
behind the written or unwritten codes, the shyster keeps
the letter and violates the spirit.
On the other hand all such codes are definitely harmful
because they tend to perpetuate the outworn theory that
certain classes of men are holier than the rest of human-
ity and that upon them special standards of conduct are
obligatory. That this theory has a bad effect upon both
the elect and the unregenerate does not require proof.
If an engineer violates the ordinary rules of public or
private decency, throw him out of the Society, and. if it
seems advisable, let the world know the reason why. It
is not done now, to be sure, but no fancy Code of Ethics
is going to make it any easier. If, on the other hand, he
comports himself as any honest citizen should, leave him
alone, or, if you must say something, tell him that the
Society is proud of him.
The sooner engineers and other professional men forget
about special codes of ethics and get back to the Golden
Rule and the ideal of Service, the better it will be for
them and for the world in general.
A. T. Parsons.
San Francisco, June 30.
The Case Oil-Fired Assay-Furnace
The Editor:
Sir — I wish to comment on the criticism of my article
on this subject.
Mr. Sherlock states that the turning of the front baffle
so that the flame hits the broad side of it enables him to
cupel with the door open. In previously trying this
arrangement, I found that it took almost twice as long to
complete the fusions as it did by the method described in
my article. This was due to the smaller amount of fuel
that could be fed into the furnace and secure perfect
combustion. It is also evident that 33 cupellations would
occupy only about 50% of the muffle-space even in the
smaller sizes of Case furnaces. That comparatively small
number of buttons may be satisfactorily cupelled with
the muffle-door open, for they can be placed in the most
advantageous parts of the muffle. However, not all
assayers can afford to use only part of their equipment
and very often the last row of cupels is only two or three
inches from the front end of the muffle. Under this con-
dition, cupelling with a door open is neither practicable
nor possible regardless of any baffle arrangement.
Mr. Sherlock further states that the gas or fume enter-
ing the interior of the muffle through the cracks does not
interfere. Oxygen is needed for cupellatiou and if the
muffle is being continually filled with an inactive or re-
ducing gas it is plain that the oxidizing atmosphere is
partly or even entirely prevented from coming in con-
tact with the molten buttons and so the cupellation is re-
tarded, or ceases altogether.
The opening or lifting of the upper part of the boss —
opening of slots in some types — increases the amount of
air available for combustion. This increase varies, hut it
is about 10% of the amount of air passing through the
burner. This extra amount of air is forced into the fur-
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
4:i
nan' by the difference in weight of the air-columns out-
side and inside and by the vacuum created by the spray
of oil and air entering into the furnace through a rather
narrow opening. Any operator can satisfy himself in
regard to the above statement by lifting the upper half
of the boss and regulating the air, oil, and dampers so
that only a small flame is visible above the top of the
furnaee, then replacing the upper half of the boss and
noting the flame and smoke that presently appears just
B)Ove the dampers.
I agree with P. L. Guppy on the desirability of a
low-pressure air-flame for assay-work. There were no
statements in my article which could have been construed
as a criticism of the low-pressure air used in the Case
furnaee. That the mechanical arrangement of the vari-
ous parts was not all that could be desired is best proved
by the extensive modification of the new Case oil-fired
assay-furnace.
F. BoRZYNSKI.
Como, June 20.
Books Written in a Hurry
The Editor:
Sir — Looking over the latest publications for sale in a
book-store in this city recently, I came across 'Herbert
Hoover: The Man and His Work', by Vernon Kellogg,
published in 1920 by D. Appleton & Co. of New York.
'As I have watched Mr. Hoover's progress since he was
at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in 1900 or so, and
really believe him to be the man most fitted for the Presi-
dency of the United States, I became interested in this
book, which, I believe is a reprint of a series of articles
appearing in an Eastern magazine. ' I opened it at page
105. and read the following:
' ' His work took him back to Australia, the land of his
first notable success, but this time into South Australia,
instead of West Australia. Here he took personal charge
of a large constructive undertaking in connection with
the rehabilitation of the famous Broken Hill mines.
These mines were in the inhospitable wastes of the Great
Stony Desert, four or five hundred miles north of Ade-
laide, the port city. The living and working conditions
on the desert were a little worse than awful, but by his
technical and organizing ability he brought to life the
two or three abandoned mines that constituted the
Broken Hill properties, and adding to them some ad-
joining lower grade mines, converted the whole group
from a state of great unrealized possibilities into one of
highly profitable actualities.
"An important factor in this achievement was his
origination and successful development of a process for
extracting the zinc from ores that had already been
treated for the other metals, and then cast aside as worth-
less residues. There were 14,000,000 tons of these residues
on the Broken Hill dumps, and from them he derived
large returns for the company that he had organized to
purchase the property. He also introduced new metal-
lurgical processes for the profitable handling of the low-
grade sulphide ores that constituted most of the mineral
body of the mines. Indeed, this work in South Australia
did much to help prove to him what has long been one
of his cardinal beliefs, namely, that the safe backbone of
mining lies in the handling of large bodies of low-grade
ores. When such great orebodies are given the benefit of
proper metallurgical processes, and large organizing and
intelligent building up of extensive plants, mining leaves
the realms of speculation and becomes a certain and
stable business.
"All this successful work in South Axistralia occupied
but seven months ..."
'Ye Gods'! I ejaculated, and said to a person near-by
that Hoover needed protection from his friends; also
that the matter was a libel on Australians. I am certain
that Hoover never read proof on this section of Kellogg 's
book, as he would not have permitted it to pass. The
only way to criticize the matter is to analyze each sen-
tence :
(1) Broken Hill is not in South Australia, but in New
South Wales, although only a short distance over the
border. Practically the only mining in South Australia
is at Wallaroo and Moonta, and at Iron Knob, with the
. great lead smelter at Port Pirie ; but Hoover had noth-
ing to do with them. Adelaide is not the port city, it
being 12 miles from its own port. Port Pirie is the out-
let for the Broken Hill field.
(2) Although the Barrier (Broken Hill) is in an arid
region, it is by no means an inhospitable waste ; while the
living and working conditions in a city of over 20,000
people were not "a little worse than awful". I have
been there.
(3) Instead of there being a group of large mines con-
tributing 10% of the world's lead, 5%, of its silver, and
20% of its zinc (in concentrates), Mr. Kellogg would
have us believe that there were only two or three aban-
doned mines on the Barrier, with goats browsing on the
dumps. His admission of 14 million tons of residues does
not point to two or three mines. Why, at that time I
know that the South and Central mines were estimated
to contain over 4,000,000 tons of ore ; and ore that carries
15% lead, 8 oz. silver, and 10% zinc is by no means low-
grade. The Broken Hill Proprietary had by that time
paid about £8,000,000 in dividends.
I am not sure of the year in which Mr. Hoover was at
Broken Hill, but it must have been about 1906, when the
Zinc Corporation, which is the company referred to in
this book, was trying new processes almost daily and
spoiled the reputations of a number of reputable men for
a time. The corporation was in. sore straits, and became
the current topic in Australian and London papers.
Eventually, after getting more money in London, local
advice and that of Theodore Hoover — Herbert's brother
— and absorbing the South Blocks mine, the Corporation
passed through its troubles, and is now one of the big
operators at Broken Hill. This rehabilitation occupied
a long period. I have never heard of Herbert Hoover
being responsible for the development of any of the flo-
tation processes in use there. The metallurgists whose
names are best known in this connection are Potter,
44
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
Delprat. Bradford, Shellshear, Courtney, De Bavay,
Hebbard, Horwood, and Lyster.
Anybody reading that "the safe backbone of mining
lies in the handling of large bodies of low-grade ores",
would think that this was something new, whereas in
America and other countries such a theory has been in
practice at many mines for many years, and Mr. Hoover
expounded it in his 'Principles of Mining'. As you,
Mr. Editor, have discussed mining as a speculation and
as a stable business, I don't care to intrude.
After reading the quoted page I did not go further,
but some time I may look at the section on Kalgoorlie.
where I spent nearly 12 years, up to 1912 ; yet I am
afraid I may be tempted to peruse that critically also.
It is a pity that in his admiration for Mr. Hoover, Mr.
Kellogg was not more careful, and that the former did
not edit the matter before going to press. I am now
curious to know what my friends in Australia will say ;
but I can guess.
M. W. von Bernewitz.
San Francisco. June 17.
Recent Metallurgy at Trail, B. C.
The Editor:
Sir — Referring to the excellent article on this subject
in your issue of June 12, by F. H. Mason, in which he
makes note of the Dings magnetic separators: Mr.
Mason has not made it clear as to the type of machine
and operation. In fact it is a two-belt machine and not a
one-belt machine as he states. It is also of the high-
intensity type. This machine has to operate with an
extremely large gap, because the magnets and belts can-
not be submerged, consequently they have to use a high-
intensity magnet to obtain sufficient pulling force to
reach the material lying upon the belt and covered with
water. Underneath the poles of this machine there is an
intense boiling action, and the pyrrhotite, which is at-
tracted to the poles, is washed by this boiling action, free-
ing itself from the blende.
In your issue of March 13 you have another excellent
article on 'Magnetic Separation on Bismuth, Tin, and
Tungsten in Tasmania'. The authors state, on page 380,
in regard to the standard Wetherill separator, that
"these machines are not suitable for slime, that is, a
material passing through a 150-mesh sieve." Also, "For
slimy ores a magnetic separator that will treat the wet
material is required. ' ' This is practically my experience
and opinion. Mr. Mason, however, has not pointed out
that this new type B-W wet magnetic separator is sep-
arating a pulp ground to pass through a 100-mesh screen.
All through 100-mesh screen necessarily means at least
75%, through 200-mesh. Consequently they are making
a separation which has before been considered impossible.
At the same time wet separating eliminates dust and
dirt and the usual trouble in a dry plant, and removes
the objections stated above.
I have not exact information here regarding the pres-
ent arrangement at Trail, but when there last, the roasted
and ground ore was fed first to six machines, making a
lead-zinc concentrate, going directly to the Deister tables.
There was a second battery of six machines, re-treating
the re-ground magnetic portion. This was followed by a
third set of five machines and a final step of one unit,
making eighteen machines in all, for 600 tons capacity.
P. R. Hines.
Milwaukee, June 24.
Safety in Underground Haulage
Some standard regulations governing the operations
of underground haulage are included in a recent bulletin
of the Colorado Bureau of Mines. Cars operated by hand
should have a convenient handle so that it is unnecessary
for the trammer to place his fingers inside or outside the
car-body. Depending upon the system used, the capac-
ity of a car should not be too great, nor should too many
cars be hauled in one train. The body and running-gears
of ears should be kept in good condition. Where neces-
sary ears should be provided with adequate brakes so
that the hazard offered by the grade of the tracks will be
reasonably overcome. Grades should not be so steep that
they offer danger from derailment of cars. Locomotives
should be of an approved type with all necessary appli-
ances for their safe operation. They should be provided
with head-lights and gongs. Gasoline-locomotives should
be used only by special written permission of the Com-
missioner of Mines. Locomotives should be kept in good
condition. The following minimum clearance should be
provided : between top of ears and back, two feet ; be-
tween sides of car and timber or rook sides of haulage-
way, six inches ; between top of car and trolley, 18 inches.
"Where electric haulage is used, shaft-stations must be
electrically lighted and haulage-ways should have elec-
tric-light bulbs at least every 200 ft. For animal-tram-
ming a light must be carried on the first car of the trip
or by the driver. For hand-tramming a light must be
carried by the trammer or on front of car. Rails should
be of such weight as to safely carry the maximum load
that may be imposed at maximum speed. They should be
firmly spiked, have suitable joint fastenings, and rest on
a sufficient number of ties of adequate dimensions. Frogs
and switches should be properly blocked on motor-haul-
age roads. The track should be properly aligned and
free from high joints, broken rails, defective switches
and frogs. Chute lips should not project more than
three inches over the nearest side of the cars. Jumping
moving cars and uncoupling cars moving at a speed ex-
ceeding four miles per hour should be prohibited. Cars
without brakes should not be ridden on grades. Speed
of trains should not be greater than the conditions of the
track make safe — in no case over 15 miles per hour.
Where mechanical haulage is used and there is not room
to pass at all points, refuge or shelter places, affording
space of at least two and one-half feet at each side be-
tween the widest portion of cars or train and walls,
should be provided not more than 50 ft. apart. These
places must be kept open and clear at all times.
July 1". ir.20
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
45,
Electrolytic Separation of Copper From a Copper-
Cobalt-Nickel Matte
By R. G. KNICKERBOCKER
Introduction. This article describes the operation of
tho mpper department of the plant of the Missouri
Cobalt Co.. at Fredericktown, Missouri, of which I had
charge during: the first half of 1919. It should be re-
membered that copper was a by-product, the principle
object of the treatment being the production of a suit-
able solution of the nickel and cobalt from which the
copper had been entirely removed. Accordingly ther«
will be some departure from standard practice in the
electrolytic precipitation of copper on account of this
special application of the process. A statement of the
peculiar conditions and the measures taken to improve
the results should be valuable. In order to simplify the
discussion it is divided into four parts, namely, (1) the
quality of the products delivered to the copper depart-
ment. (2) the leaching plant, (3) the electrolytic plant,
land (4) the furnace-refinery. The accompanying gen-
eral flow-sheet (Fig. 1) shows the relation of the copper
department to the scheme of treatment.
Products Delivered to Copper Department. The
analysis of the anodes from No. 2 blast-furnace averaged
55% copper, 19% nickel, 6% cobalt, 9% sulphur, and
10% iron. In the preliminary testing it had been de-
termined that successful electrolysis required the sulphur-
content to be below 3%. and the iron between 7 and 8%.
It was. however, found impracticable to produce a matte
.with this combination of low sulphur and high iron, be-
• cause of the formation of sows in the blast-furnace. I
ihave known this furnace to be blown in and out five times
in one month. "We had to handle these high-sulphur
(7 to 8%'i anodes very carefully, as they are extremely
brittle and even with care they would break upon being
immersed in the warm electrolyte. The high iron-con-
tent was necessary to prevent loss of cobalt in the slag.
The first anodes were cast with the "Walker side-lug for
support in the cells, but the brittleness of the metal
caused these lugs to crack and most of the anodes were
without lugs by the time they reached the cell-room.
iThen we tried the wire-loop type, in which heavy loops
jof copper-wire are held in place by a slot in the anode-
mold. The vertical lug that held this wire made a re-
entrant angle with the body of the casting and 50% of
the anodes cracked as shown in Fig. 2. The electrolyte
entered this opening and dissolved the copper wire,
thereby allowing the anode to drop to the bottom of the
Jell, where it would cut a hole in the lead lining. Later
this re-entrant angle was filled with metal, giving an
ingle of approximately 45° with the body of the casting.
The anode was also made thicker {2\ in. at the top to
If in. at the bottom), and this type gave much better
service.
The method of casting the anodes was crude, and a
poor separation of matte from slag was made. No settler
was used, the furnace being tapped into a 6-ft. launder
that discharged direct into the anode-molds. A wooden
rake served to fill the corners in the mold as well as to
skim off the slag. More than a quarter of the anodes had
to be cleaned by hand. Besides the slag that was left
sticking on the outside, and which was easily removed,
there was the slag mixed with the metal in the interior
of the casting. This occluded slag caused surprising in-
creases of voltage in the cell-room. Another bad feature
of the slag was the warping of the anode caused by the
difference in conductivity of the two sides. This gave an
anode that would touch the cathodes when placed in the
cell, causing short circuits. An oil-fired tilting barrel-
type of ladle in conjunction with an anode-easting wheel,
operated by hand, was tried, but did not prove a success.
The anode that gave the best results was light-gray
and dense ; it had a close structure and was without gas-
holes. These anodes were also tough and corroded evenly
in the cell in case they were free from slag. The North
American Lead Co., which preceded the Missouri Cobalt
Co., made an anode in a reverberatory furnace that was
tough, white in color, and resembled soft steel in physical
characteristics. This was due to the larger proportions
of copper, cobalt, and nickel, with small amounts of iron
and sulphur. This was the anode that the Missouri
Cobalt test-work called for, but the blast-furnace depart-
ment was unable to turn it out. Such an anode would
have been easy to electrolyze.
The roasted and pulverized matte as delivered to the
leaching plant, to be used for the making of the electro-
lyte solution, was not quite so variable in composition as
the anodes, but in physical condition and quantity it
varied even more. Twelve to 14 tons of this matte came
daily from No. 1 blast-furnace. The residue from the
leach, amounting to 9 or 10 tons, was sent to the No. 2
blast-furnace. The following are typical analyses :
Sulphun
c
Copper
acid
Cobalt
Nickel
Iron
Sulphur
Chlorine
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Roasted matte ...20.0
2.0
8.0
10.0
4.0
Leached residue. .12.0
1.8
7.6
11.0
4.2
3.0
0.2
0.4
o.s
0.1
0.015
The leach was not made with the idea of a high extrac-
tion, but only for the purpose of supplying the electro-
lyte. If the roast was not carried to 4% sulphur or
under, the cobalt sulphate seemed to act as a coagulator
of the raw sulphides and this residue would set in the
tank and would have to be taken out with pick and
shovel. Even when the chemical conditions were ideal
the residue could not be allowed to stand after the solu-
46
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
tion was decanted or it would cause similar trouble. Pro-
vided tke roast analyzed below 3% sulphur and 10%
iron, and would pass 20-mesh, we had little trouble in
making the required 45 tons of 3.5% copper electrolyte
from 12 to 14 tons of matte every 24 hours.
The acid used in the leaching plant was of ordinary
commercial quality, 60°B., and gave no trouble from
chemical impurities. The water used was of poor qual-
ity; it contained calcium and magnesium salts, which
precipitated in the tanks and pipe-lines of our circulation
system. Much time was lost in cleaning the pipe-lines.
At the time I took charge there were no means for heating
solutions in the storage-vats, and the difference in tem-
perature of the cell-solution caused additional precipita-
tion in the pipe-lines. Accordingly steam-coils were
placed on the bottom of each vat and the solutions were
kept at the same temperature throughout the plant.
Similar crystals formed on the sides of the lead lining
in the cells and were taken out in the sludge. The
analysis of crystals obtained from sludge, in water-
soluble metals, is as follows :
%
Copper 4.86
Cobalt 1.88
Nickel 3.73
At one time the lead in the matte was recovered by a
chloride leach and considerable salt was left lying on the
ground outside the leaching plant. Whenever it rained
this salt was washed into our sumps and contaminated the
electrolyte with an overcharge of chlorine. This had a
bad effect on the cathodes and at one time entirely stop-
ped the production of starting-sheets.
The Leaching Plant. A general plan of the plant is
shown in Fig. 3. A cycle of operations was as follows:
the tank first received the wash from the last previous
charge. The solution contained 8% sulphuric acid and
was between 80° and 90° C, having been heated by a
steam agitator during the night. The matte was dumped
into the vat while the steam agitator was operating under
90-lb. pressure. Three hours was required for introduc-
ing the matte, and the agitation was continued only a
little longer. The electrolyte was then decanted or
siphoned to the storage-vat. Wash-water was added to
the residue, and agitated 30 minutes, the liquor then
being siphoned into the next vat, preparatory to another
cycle. The residue was dumped through the discharge-
cock and laundered into a tub from which it was wheeled
to No. 2 blast-furnace. Under normal conditions one vat
per day was leaehed.
The vats were without lead lining, they had inferior
pipe-fittings, and poor arrangements for dumping, and
the work was hard on the men on account of the dripping.
There 'was constant trouble.
The Electrolytic Plant. As shown in the plan, Fig.
4, there are four sub-divisions of the plant, namely: (1)
starting-sheet division, (2) cathode division, (3) soft
copper division, and (4) lead-cell division. The work of
making starting-sheets was arranged as follows: two
men spent 8 hours lifting the copper blanks from the
cells and stripping off the sheets; they weighed and
counted them, and carried them to the trimming and
hanging-table; one man painted the necessary blanks
and a boy hung the new sheets during the day-time.
The anodes used in the starting-sheet cells were 8 in.
longer than those in the regular cells. This was on ac-
count of the length of the copper blanks used. In fact,
we found that, on continued use of these blanks with the
shorter anodes, the high-acid electrolyte would layer very
readily in the space just beneath the short anodes and
would tend to dissolve rapidly that portion of the copper
blank upon which no deposition was taking place.
The circulating solution for the starting-sheet rows was
raised by an Antisdell pump which gave excellent service.
We frequently wished that the other four pumps for the
regular rows were also of this type.
The quantity of acid in the electrolyte was determined
by the foreman of the leaching plant, who, when I first
went there, maintained the strength of the starting-sheet
solution at 6%, free acid. This was then thought neces-
sary to produce good starting-sheets but it was subse-
quently shown that 3% acid would give a tougher prod-
uct. When the change was made it was no longer neces-
sary to return the solution, depleted in copper, to the
leaching plant, and the result was the discontinuance of
a troublesome pump and pipe-line. Under the old
method of using 6%, sulphuric acid, the electrolyte that
went to the starting-sheet cells contained at least 2%
iron in solution ; the amount of ferric iron increased with
the length of time that this electrolyte was used. The'
current efficiency among the starting-sheets in February
1918 under the old system was 84%. The time lost due'
to power-plant delays or shortages of anodes or of solu-
tion is not covered by this efficiency figure. The propor-
tion of good sheets made under the old system averaged'
about 60%,. This sheet was made in 24 hours and,
weighed about 4J lb. Under the new system we used|
twice as many cells, but only stripped at 48-hour inter-!
vals, thereby making a sheet whose approximate weight;
was 8 to 10 pounds.
About March 15, the proportion of starting-sheet serapj
increased rapidly, and owing to changes in the material!
coming to the electrolytic department a serious conditionl
developed. By the first of April we were unable to make
a single sheet. The average analysis of the solution that!
would not make starting-sheets follows: 6.5% acid, 3.0%
copper, 2.0%, iron, 0.025% chlorine. The compositei
analysis of the anodes in the cells at this time was 56.9%
copper, 19.5% nickel, 5.5% cobalt, 2.5% lead, 9.3% iron
7.0% sulphur.
The difficulty was that the starting-sheet would breaii
upon being bent 180° in one direction. We tried everj
change possible, made solution from pure water insteac
of old wash-water, cleaned all the sumps, storage-vats
pipe-lines, and other places of possible contamination
but with no beneficial result. We then started a series o!
tests, the results of which are given below. The test!
were conducted in a cell 20 by 15 by 15 in., with a solu,
tion temperature of 50°C. The current density wai
maintained at 10.
July 10. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
47
Tf.l No. 1
To dati riiiim- if ihe trouble « i* in tin- water us.si in iha leaohlnf plant.
A.1>1 Qopper Chlorine Iron Number
VOltafe % % * ot bends
Matte and dn-tilled water. . 4-0.6 6.0 3.5 0.007 2.0 1
Matte and leach-plant solu-
tion 0.4-0.6 6.0 3.5 0.013 18 1
This seemed to prove that whatever the impurity iu
tlir electrolyte, it did not come from the water.
Test No. 1
Aetd Copper Chlorine Iron Number
% % % of bends
2.8 0.012 1.5 1
Voltage
Statu- and leach-plant water. 0.4-0.6 6.0
Copper sulphate and leaeh-
waler 0.3-0.4 6.2
In order to be sure that the anodes did not contain the
impurity that was causing brittle sheets, we ran a com-
parative teal on the regular anodes and some old ones
that were left by the North American Lead Co. The
temperature iu these tests was approximately 45°C. The
acid strength in both solutions was 6% and the cop-
P er 3 %- Teat No.
Sul- Num.
Copper Cobalt Nickel Iron phur Lead ber of
3.4
l.S
11
Voltaire
%
%
%
%
%
%
beDda
Regular anode ...0.0-0.7
50.9
55
19.5
9.3
7.0
2.0
1
North American
Lead anode ...0.4-0.5
62.0
6.0
20.5
40
3.0
2.5
2
Run of Mine, 350 Tons daily
CONCENTRATOR
2S Tons daiiy to Lead Smelter J
Lead Concentrate f 60% Pb
To Acid Plan t of Zinc Smelter
Pyrlte Concert -are
[ Copper, Nickel, Cobalt
Concentrate
ROASTER
Sulphuric Add
FT
MCD0UGALL
FURNACE
Calcine
100^ Tons daily
L_£
BRIQUETTE-
MILL
1
N9 1 BLAST-
FURNACE
Flue- duet
5 lag to Dump
-J 1
{
ROASTER
TO 37,5
Ic ions daily
•*. —
DRIER
Granulated Matte J
'
'
\
LEACHING-
Leached
BRIQUETTE-
MILL
N° 2 BLAST
FURNACE
t Stag
PLA
NT
residue
{ Electrolyte
Cast Anodes
J_£
J
CELL -ROOM
To Market
^Sludge J g.
Fectroiytic Solution
Containing Sulphates ot
Cobalt and Nickel
NICKEL AND
COBALT
DEPARTMENT
FURNACE
REFlNEiRY
Ingots toMarket )
Slag to Copper Smelter
Shot- nickel to Market^
Cobalt Oxide to Market
FlG. 1. PLOW-SHEET OP THE MISSOURI COBALT COMPANY'S PLANT
This showed that the water used in the leaching plant
was all right, but that the impurity which caused the
trouble either was in the matte or entered while the solu-
tion was being made up from the matte.
Tests with our leaching-plant acid and with C. P. acid
gave us proof that there was nothing wrong with the
former.
Test No. 3
The effect of reducing- the strength of the free acid was learned
Acid Copper Chlorine Iron Number
Voltage % % % % of bends
Hirh acid 0.4-0.6 6.5 3.2 0.01 2.0 1
Low acid 0.8-0.7 2.0 3.0 0.01 2.4 4
Tost No. 4,
A small amount of glue was added to the electrolyte.
Acid Copper Chlorine Iron Number
Voltage % % % % of bends
High acid plus glue 0.4-0.5 6.2 3.0 0.01 2.0 3
Low acid plus glue 0.8-0.9 2.3 3.0 0.01 1.0 7
Test No. 6
All conditions same is in Test 5, but glue was added to electrolyte.
Copper Acid Number
% % of bends
Regrular anode 3.5 2.4- 10-12
North American Lead anode 3.7 2.6 12—14
"We decided to operate the leaching plant so as to pro-
duce an electrolyte with 3% acid and to add the solution-
pocket of the head cell of each row half a pint of warm
glue solution (25% glue) every eight hours. After
making this change the following results were obtained
in a 45-day period; blanks placed, 2936; good sheets
stripped, 5543; sheets hung, 4346; weight of scrap and
trimmings, 6881 lb.; weight of sheets, 24,379 lb. This
shows 6% of the total number of sheets scrapped. The
remedies for the production of brittle sheets may be
summarized as follows:
48
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
(1) The spring rains had washed a large amount of
salt refuse into the leaching-plant sumps and this was
the probable cause of our difficulties. The figures given
below seem to show that the troublesome impurities in
our starting-sheets were metallic chlorides. An analysis
K-A
45' 'Angle
First Type
Second Type
Fig. 2. anodes
Third Type
of bad starting-sheets gave copper, 99.517%; chlorine
0.159; and insoluble, 0.144, as compared with 99.707%,
0.017, and 0.094 for the satisfactory sheets.
(2) The glue tended to overcome the activity of the
impurities.
(3) The lower percentage of total iron obtained with
the low-acid electrolyte, as well as the lower percentage
of other impurities extracted gave beneficial results.
Ferric iron decreased from as high as 0.5 to 0.1%.
The following data on current efficiencies are given
by L. Addicks:
eral tests I used thinner paint than usual on the starting-
sheet blanks and found that even under the worst condi-
tions a somewhat tougher sheet resulted. It was decided
that more care must be used by the painter in giving the
blanks a uniform coating ■£$ in. thick. The variation in
thickness of this coat was sometimes due to a change in
the viscosity of the oil. At times I have been convinced
that some foreign impurity in the oil or graphite was
causing part of our trouble, but I could find no proof.
No more brittle starting-sheets, however, were produced
after the acid was lowered to 3% and glue added. In
connection with the character of the paint used, we found
that it was impossible to make use of the standard paint
(oil and lamp-black), as our voltage was so high that the
copper burned through a thin paint and ruined the
blanks for future use. Much thicker oil mixed with
graphite was used as a coating and the oily graphitic
surface was dusted over the flake-graphite.
The methods of hanging starting-sheets are given be-
low in Fig. 5.
The following data are arranged to compare the work
in the cathode-vats with that at Ajo as given by Henry
A. Tobelmann and James A. Potter in Vol. LX of the
Transactions of the A. I. M. & M. E.
Ferric iron in electrolyte
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.30
Current efficiency
90.0
80.0
68.0
56.0
35.0
Ajo
Electrolytic, per minute, gal 1055
Copper, inflowing electrolyte, % 3.05
Effluent solution, % 2.60
The electrolyte used by Mr. Addicks in this test was
5% acid, 2.5% iron, 3.0%, copper, temperature 48°C.
Ferric iron, inflowing solution.
Ferric iron, effluent solution, '
Current density
0.38
0.94
7.80
Missouri Cobalt.
average for 6 months
200
3.80
0.02
High-acid Low-acid
electrolyte electrolyte
0.5 0.12
0.60 0.16
10 10
SMELTER DEPARTMENT
Acid- tanks
O Q»
Pump
Fig. 3. leaching plant
The low percentage of free acid permissible in our
work was no doubt due to the soluble sulphates. The
total of nickel, cobalt, and iron sulphates was at least
20%. The ampere efficiency was not affected by the
lowering of the free acid.
(4) The use of thinner paint on the blanks. In sev-
Voltage 1.97
Weight of cathode, lb 117.0
Number of cells 121.0
Number of cathodes per cell 77.0
Number of cells on starting-sheets. . . 23.0
Total number of blanks 1925.0
Starting-sheets scrapped. % 10.4
Copper in cathodes. % 99.48
Copper in sludge of cement. % 69.0
Note. Chlorine in cathodes at Ajo. 0.05-0.35*7
0.7-1.2
50.0
90.0
8.0
20.0(lowaeid.4Shr.)
160.0
20.0 (6% after Apr.4)
99.5
45.0
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
49
In the operation of the cathode division, 14 men are
■mployed on the day-shift and on eaeli of the others the
force consists of a foreman, one circulation-man, and one
contaet-man. At 7 a.m. the power is cut off for ten
minutes to allow the vat-cleaning squad to cut out the
ten cells that they are to clean in eight hours. The
anodes and cathodes are removed from the two-head
cells in the row to be cleaned, and are placed in racks in
soluble copper, cobalt, and nickel that could be extracted
by a simple water-wash was determined by a series of
tests supervised by J. A. T. Robertson, metallurgist for
the company.
Anilyais of Soluble Soluble
dry nlmlpe in 6% acid in water
% % %
Copper 51.35 1.24 0.60
Nickel 2.83 1 „ .„ 2.02
Cobalt 1.03) " 0.85
Iron ... 2.80
5luG$£ -drying
Industrial Railroad Track
SHEET DIVISION
Fig. 4. vat-house
order to prevent them from breaking or warping. The
solution is then siphoned out of the cells and allowed to
flow down onto the floor and thence to a sump. When
this sump is full, the solution is pumped to a storage-
vat. After the solution is out of the cell, one man, with
TRT TFT
First Method Second Method Third Method
Fig. 5. hanging starting-sheets
The acid does not give any better extraction of cobalt
and nickel than water; moreover the acid-wash contains
much iron. It would be possible to recover 9.25 lb. of
cobalt and 31.15 lb. of nickel per ton of dry sludge by
means of a water-wash. Valuing the cobalt at $1 per
i-h Air-pipe^
l-in. Pipe, O
X)
2-in. Lead Pipe
Fig. 6. agitators
rubber boots and gloves, gets into the cell and scrapes
the sludge through a 2-in. hole with a wooden shovel.
Each cell has two of. these holes plugged with lead stop-
pers having rubber washers. The sludge drops into a
launder, which leads to a box where the excess solution
is drained into the sump ; the operator shovels it from
this box into a wooden wheelbarrow and removes it to a
wood-fired drying-pan. It takes 24 hours to dry two to
three tons of sludge on this pan. The amount of water-
pound and nickel at 25c. per pound, a saving of at least
$17 per ton might be effected as well as a reduction in
penalty of two units of cobalt and nickel. This had not
been done up to the time I left the plant.
The men who cleaned the vats removed the 40-lb.
cathodes and placed the starting-sheets and the new
anodes that were required. They left 10 cells at 3 p.m.
in first-class condition as far as electrolysis was con-
cerned. Bach vat was cleaned twice a month. If we
50
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
had been able to run continuously we would have made
cathodes in 15 days and all 'pulling' of copper would
have taken place when the vats were cleaned.
The head circulation-man's duty was to go over all
solution-pipes from the feeders to the overflows into the
pump-boxes in order to keep the rate of circulation at a
maximum. The contact-man watched the voltages and
corrected irregular readings by shining contacts, remov-
ing 'berries' and broken pieces of anodes or cathodes.
The handling of anodes in the cell-room was done by a
small i-ton crane with ordinary spider for moving anodes
and cathodes.
Under the new scheme the 3%-acid electrolyte was
passed through the head cells of the starting-sheet rows
and flowed from there to the A, B, C, and D cells re-
spectively.
Below are given typical analyses of the electrolyte as
it flowed through the plant.
Acid Copper Iron
% % %
Effluent from leach-plant 2.8 3.5 1.0
From startinr-sheet cells ; 3.0 3-1 1.2
A cells 3.2 2.7 1.39
B cells 3.7 1.9 1.52
C cells 4.0 0.07 1.73
D cells 5.1 0.018 2.0
The Antisdell pump lifting the starting-sheet solution
could discharge into either No. 1 and No. 1A vat. The
leveling-valve between the two was kept closed. The
pump handling electrolyte for the four A rows dis-
charged into 2A vat. The leveling-valve between No.
2A and No. IB was left open,. The A cells were fed
from No. 1A vat. The solution was pumped back to No.
2A, leveled into No. IB and the B cells were fed from
No. IB vat, pumped back into No. 2B. and leveled into
1C. The C cells were fed from No. 1C, pumped back
into No. 2C, and leveled into No. ID. The D cells were
fed from No. ID and pumped into No. 2D. The solution
entering 2D was ready for the cobalt-nickel department.
The head cells of the C rows produced hard cathodes
with a 3%, acid electrolyte. The agitators used are
shown in Fig. 6. These agitators reached below the
anodes and cathodes, and the results obtained were highly
satisfactory. The proportion of soft copper was reduced
from 35% to 8%, and although the agitators required
considerable attention this was more than offset by the
reduced handling of soft copper. Soft copper was pro-
duced in the lower 18 cells.
To increase the amount of electrolyte in circulation
and the period of contact of. the electrolyte with the
cathodes, pipes between the cells were replaced with
open lead launders.
The following comparative data show the results from
changes made in the lead-cell division.
December 20 April 1 to
to April 1 July 1
Acid in solution. % 6.4 4.0
Copper in solution sent to the nickel-cobalt de-
partment, % 0.04 0.01
Iron in solution sent to the nickel-cobalt depart-
ment, % 4.3 2.0
Daily solution to nickel-cobalt department, tons. 10.0 20.6
Nickel in solution. % 0.7 1.2
Cobalt in solution, % 0.1 0.2
These changes in the quality of the products delivered
to the nickel-cobalt department were due to additional
circulation, agitation, clean lead sheets, and vats free
from sludge. The high-acid solution in these cells was
hard on pumps. The D pump, for example, was re-
paired at least once every 24 hours.
From my experience in this plant, I suggest the fol-
lowing improvements :
(1) The use of Antisdell pumps for handling elec-
trolyte.
(2) The use of solid bus-bars.
(3) Protection of all wood vats and cells with anti-
monial lead.
(4) The washing of copper sludge for soluble metal.
(5) The use of asphalt covering on cement floors and
vat-bases where lead caps are not used.
(6) The handling of sludge in lead-lined buggies
from the discharge of the cells to the drying-pan.
(7) Where circulation pipe-lines become clogged with
crystals, the use of steam to keep all solutions at the
same temperature. If this is not adequate the use of
open launders, if possible.
(8) The use of air-agitation and increased circulation
in cells operating with electrolyte under 2% copper.
(9) The use of insulators of the Ajo type on all lead
anodes and cathodes.
Furnace Refinery. Up to January 1919, the corn-
pan}' had not made any refined ingot copper. However,
I started a small 10-ton furnace, which was a relic from
the North American Lead Co. 's operations and a good
furnace considering its size.
It was necessary to break-in an entire crew of furnace-
men and ladlers. The only men that I had to draw from
were farmers, whose lack of experience caused many
expensive accidents before they became efficient. At
first the furnace was equipped with oil-burners, but the
use of oil, owing to the poor system of circulation, was
expensive and gave poor results. Coal-firing, with a
forced draft under the grate-bars, proved better. The
copper was ladled with small 8-in. wrought-iron ladles
requiring four men. It took about four hours to ladle
six to eight tons of refined ingots.
The ingot copper, containing 0.02% nickel and 0.001%
cobalt, was medium-grade casting copper assaying about
99.7%. The furnace operated only about 10 days per
month, owing to the small production of electrolytic cop-
per. During the first months the cost of brick and brick-
laying amounted to one-third the cost of refining copper.
For this reason, I discontinued the use of the smelter
bricklayers and broke-in the furnace-men for this work
with considerable saving. C. B. Underwood, who was
then assistant superintendent of the furnace refinery,
was responsible for a considerable reduction in the cost
of the refining.
My opinion is that a metallurgical method is available
for the profitable treatment of this ore. Frankly. I be-
lieve that the Missouri Cobalt Co. made the mistake of
spending too much money and time on the extraction of
nickel and cobalt, instead of first realizing on the copper
and in the meantime working out, in a small test-plant,
a scheme for the recovery of nickel and cobalt.
Jub 1". 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
51
Early Days on the Rand
By J. E. CLENNELL
It wat. in the year 1854 that the earliest recorded dis-
covery of gold was made in this district. In that year
it was announced that one Jan Marais had made a find
at the Yoke-Skey river, a tributary of the Crocodile, or
Limpopo, and had also observed the precious metal on
the Witwatersrand, the range of hills which forms the
main watershed of the country. Some nuggets were
■exhibited at Potchefstroom, but there the matter seems
. to have dropped, for we hear no more of gold being
sought for in this part of the Transvaal until 1883,
seldom remarkably rich. It was soon noted that these
deposits were extensive, and that the gold was distributed
in them witli remarkable uniformity.
In November 1885 J. Bantjes began prospecting on the
farm Roodepoort, and struck what was afterward known
as the 'Main Reef, and in December Struben erected a
5-staxup mill, with which he and Bantjes crushed 50 tons
of conglomerate in March 1886. The Main Beef was also
uncovered by "Walker on the farm Langlaagte and then
Struben and Bantjes struck it again on Vogelstruisfon-
COMMISSIONER STREET, JOHANNESBURG
nearly 30 years later. In December of that year, Fred-
eirck Struben noticed the gold-bearing formation of the
Witwatersrand, and in January 1884, he began pros-
pecting on the farm Sterkfontein. In April of the same
year he was led to suspect the probable presence of gold-
bearing conglomerate, from the occurrence of water-
worn pebbles on the highest parts of the range, but it was
not until September 1884 that a lode was struck east of
Sterkfontein, assaying 913 oz. gold and 362 oz. silver per
ton.
The conglomerate formation now known as 'banket'
was first noticed in March 1885. The word 'banket'
(pronounced bon-ket, with the accent on the second syl-
lable) is the Dutch name for 'almond-rock', a sweetmeat
to which the rock in question bears some resemblance.
It consists of hard white round or oval pebbles imbedded
in a friable darker matrix, which carries the bulk of the
gold. The banket sometimes shows visible gold, but is
tein. These discoveries began now to attract attention,
and many other persons started prospecting, some of
them on the spot that became the site of Johannesburg.
In May 1886 Col. Ferreira informed the Government
of the presence of gold on the Gatsrand, a parallel range
of hills, south of the "Witwatersrand. On July 18, nine
adjoining properties were proclaimed by the Govern-
ment as forming the Witwatersrand goldfield. About
the same time the Ferreira and Natal camps, the nucleus
of the present Johannesburg, began to spring up. The
Main Reef was found to run through the ground occu-
pied by Ferreira 's camp; the houses were accordingly
demolished and fresh building-sites sold to the inhabit-
ants in what is now Johannesburg proper. On Septem-
ber 20, a plan of the new township was advertised by
Captain Von Brandis, the Landdrost, or special magis-
trate appointed by the Government, and on December 8
of the same year the first sale of building-sites took place,
52
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
realizing £13,002. This may be considered to mark the
foundation of the present eity of Johannesburg.
The growth of the town from that date to the begin-
ning of 1889 was probably without a parallel even among
the annals of American and Australian mining settle-
ments. At the time of my arrival, in March 1889, there
were probably well over 20,000 inhabitants, whose dwell-
ings of brick, iron, and wood extended over a mile from
east to west and nearly as far from north to south. Little
more than two years before, nothing would have been
visible save a boundless expanse of green veldt, broken
by ranges of rocky hills, with here and there a pros-
pector 's tent, or a few miserable hovels of unburnt brick,
rudely covered with thatch, canvas, or a sheet of corru-
gated iron.
Every day saw coaches, mule-carts, ox-wagons crowded
with newcomers, nocking in from all quarters. The older
towns of Cape Colony and Natal, and also Kimberley,
Barberton, and other once flourishing mining centres
were being rapidly drained of their wealth and popula-
tion to swell the ranks of the goldseekers on the Rand.
The difficulty experienced by newcomers in getting sleep-
ing accommodation was incredible. A night or two in a
bullock-wagon or on a billiard-table was no infrequent
experience, and there were many who gladly paid 35 or
40 shillings a week for a miserable truckle-bed in a tiny
corrugated iron shed, with three or more others in similar
plight for companions. Happy was he who, by a plenti-
ful application of 'Keating', could secure immunity from
the too-pointed attentions of the nimble tribe, and could
also escape that other too frequent boarder who has won
such renown in the recent war, and who has been aptly
described as 'slow, but steady of purpose'.
In the outlying townships, such as Doornfontein,
Jeppestown, and Booysen's, suburban villas with some
pretensions to elegance and luxury were springing up, to
form pleasant retreats for those who should win fortune
in the great gamble. A splendid general view of Johan-
nesburg could be obtained from any of the heights to the
north and east, and a most impressive effect was pro-
duced by the immense variety of buildings with their
metal roofs flashing in the sun, the spacious squares with
scores of laden wagons, and along the southern edge of
• the town, the headgear of numerous shafts, the battery-
sheds, workmen's and staff dwellings, stretching in a
continuous line along the course of the Main Beef.
The life and activity of Johannesburg was mainly con-
centrated in the neighborhood of the market-square,
which in a South African town fills the role of the plaza
in Mexico and other Spanish-American countries. Run-
ning east and west, south of the square, was Commis-
sioner street, the main thoroughfare, containing many of
the principal stores, shops, and offices. The financial
heart of the city, the Exchange, was accommodated in a
somewhat imposing white stone building in a short street
joining Commissioner street with the market-square, but
much business was transacted in the open air 'between
the chains' in front of this building, where an animated
scene was generally to be witnessed as the excited crowd
surged to and fro discussing the latest movement of
'Kaffirs', while from time to time a stentorian voice would
make some modest announcement such as "I'll sell
'Cities' at 15!"
To the east of the market-square, a large block of build-
ings with a facade of white stone housed the Post and
Telegraph offices and other Government departments,
which at that time were much under-staffed. The tele-
graph service was notoriously bad and important busi-
nes with Capetown and Kimberley was frequently car-
ried on by letter rather than risk a wire that might be
cut at any moment by some enterprising speculator with
reasons of his own for depriving the outside world of all
knowledge of the existing condition of the market.
In the centre of the Square was a large red-brick
market-house, in which the sale of fruit and vegetables
was conducted at prices that (before the War) would
have turned a London or New York fruiterer green with
envy. Many large produce-stores surrounded the square.
Galvanized iron, that unsightly and uncomfortable
building material, was everywhere much in evidence, but
good building-stone had already been quarried at Doorn-
fontein and a company had been formed for brick-mak-
ing on a large scale. Masons and carpenters were paid
30 shillings per day, which in those happy days was
looked upon as an extravagant wage.
Immediately before the date of my arrival, the Rand
had experienced its first 'boom'. Speculation in stocks
and shares presented far greater attractions than the
legitimate development of the mines, and although many
of the properties were already of proved merit, many
others were placed on the market with nothing to recom-
mend them except some attractive title, or the neighbor-
hood of some well-known property.
Soon afterward metallurgical difficulties began to de-
velop, and on reaching the' pyritic ore it was found not
only that the cost of crushing was increased but that the
recovery of the gold by amalgamation was sadly dimin-
ished. Many croakers began to despair of the future of
the goldfield and the inevitable 'slump' set in, which be-
came acute in 1890. Many deserted the camp, and it was
mainly the introduction of the cyanide process that saved
the situation by solving the problem of treating the ore
from the lower levels.
One of the chief difficulties with which this goldfield
had to contend was the cost and delay of transport. The
nearest point to which the railway extended was Lady-
smith in Natal, some 250 miles from Johannesburg.
Kimberley was about 300 miles away. An ox-wagon,
with a load of ordinary merchandise, frequently took six
weeks to perform the journey from the rail-head to
Johannesburg. All heavy crushing machinery came from
England or America, and as may be supposed, a long
interval elapsed between an order and the delivery of the
goods, though even in this respect, the Witwatersrand
had an advantage over Barberton and other more remote
districts. White labor at the mines received from £3 to
£6 per week, while the Kaffirs got 10 to 15 shillings, and
the cost of mining and milling was reckoned at consider-
ably over £1 per ton.
Another advantage that the Rand enjoyed was the
July 10. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
53
presence of large deposits of coal close to the banket
formation, at Boksbnrg, 12 miles east of Johannesburg,
and at other points in the neighborhood. Many rich de-
posita in other parts of South Africa were unworkable
for lark of fuel. The country round Kimherley had been
denuded of trees to supply the WKQta of the diamond
mines and in the rugged country about Barberton the
transport of fuel was costly and difficult. A project was
already on foot for building a light railway between
Johannesburg and the coal mines. For political reasons,
since the Boers dreaded the introduction of railways in
Qie country, this line was always called the Rand Tram-
way.
The goldfield was further blessed with an abundant
supply of water, since the Rand was the source of in-
numerable streams that go to swell the Vaal or the
The Main Reef Leader, a rieli but narrow deposit
parallel to and south of the Main Reef, had been struck
on the City & Suburban property, just east of Johannes-
burg.
Situated at an elevation of nearly 6000 ft., with a
fairly dry and bracing climate, with no great extremes of
temperature, one would have expected to find Johan-
nesburg a healthy spot. Nevertheless, a good deal of
sickness prevailed, chiefly what was called 'camp fever',
which was generally supposed to be a mild form of
typhoid. The sanitary arrangements of the town were
then, and for a long time afterward, in a disgraceful con-
dition, and this, added to the frequent dust-storms of
the dry winter, no doubt helped to spread disease.
Frosty nights and cold windy days were quite usual
during the winter, say, from May to August, and in the
RANDFONTEIN CENTRAL MINE
Limpopo. In some instances the mine-water sufficed for
milling purposes; in many places were vleis, or marshy
ponds, which gave no abundant supply, and large dams
had been constructed, notably at Knight's, later known
as the Witwatersrand mine, to conserve the natural flow.
On the other hand, there was not sufficient fall to admit
of the utilization of water-power for mining or milling
purposes.
Two small companies were working on alluvial gold,
and a rich strike of ore, of a character somewhat different
from that of the ordinary banket, had been made at the
Black Reef, some eight miles south-west of Johannesburg.
The largest battery on the Rand at that time was that
of the Witwatersrand company, which had 100 Sandy-
croft stamps, and a new 60-stamp mill, which was then
considered a model of excellence and efficiency, had just
been started at the Langlaagte Estate, erected by Fraser
& Chalmers.
summer a short spell of heat would be followed inevitably
by frequent and violent thunderstorms. These were
sometimes preceded by squalls of wind that filled the air
with red dust, giving for some time a fair imitation of a
genuine London fog. The dust penetrated everything,
so that all objects in-doors and out would assume a uni-
form reddish hue. It lay in drifts on the roads, filling
the many holes and ditches. The effect after the heavy
rain, which usually followed, may easily be imagined.
Life in the Johannesburg streets, especially at night,
was not altogether without its excitements, although the
'tenderfoot' usually managed to acquire an exaggerated
idea of the dangers awaiting him. At that time there
were no street-lamps, but as there was usually a bar in
full blaze at each of the four corners of every street-
crossing, their absence was not such a serious incon-
venience as might have been supposed. Burglaries and
street robberies were not unknown, but in general the
54
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
streets were remarkably quiet, though no doubt many
lively scenes were being enacted within the aforesaid
bars. These establishments usually displayed the notice
"All drinks sixpence except Three Star". Other liquids,
however, were procurable, as the town had already been
furnished with a good supply of water for domestic pur-
poses.
Apart from the Stock Exchange and the bars, the chief
place of entertainment was the race-course, within easy
reach of the town, where the sport was carried on with
much enthusiasm under the patronage of the Turf Club.
North-east of the town the cricket-ground of the Wander-
ers' Club was a great attraction. Two theatres had al-
ready made their appearance ; this, of course, was long
before the days of the 'movie', but the 'variety shows' of
the music-halls was a more popular form of entertain-
ment than the 'legitimate' stage. Occasionally, however,
a good theatrical company would visit Johannesburg,
and full houses was the rule.
A project was on foot for establishing a free library
and reading-room, and a number of clubs and masonic
societies had their meeting-places. Churches had already
been built for the following denominations: Church of
England, Roman Catholic, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyter-
ian, and Dutch Reformed. In the last the service was
conducted in the Dutch language. Most of these churches
had schools attached to them.
A hospital had been erected on the northern heights at
a little distance from the town, on what became known as
Hospital hill, but the accommodation was already insuffi-
cient and a new building was being planned, to be erected
near the same site.
Four seemingly flourishing daily papers made their
appearance, namely, the 'Transvaal Mining Argus', the
'Daily News', the 'Standard', and the 'Diggers' News'.
The two latter became amalgamated. The 'Eastern Star'
also rose every alternate day. These papers for the most
part represented the interests of the 'Uitlander', or for-
eign settler, as opposed to the 'Afrikander', or Boer ele-
ment, between whom relations were none of the best al-
ready. The conservatism and primitive habits of the
Boers provoked the ridicule of the newcomers, whereas
the old established settlers, mainly of Dutch descent,
were animated by a spirit of arrogance engendered by
their apparently easy victory over the 'rooi-nek' in the
war of 1880- '81. A great and not altogether unjustifi-
able opposition was displayed 'to the opening up of the
natural resources, of the country by hordes of not very
desirable immigrants. Yet as many of these brought
much money into the country, the Boers were not slow to
Teap what advantage they could, in the way of taxes and
imposts of all kinds, and by heavy charges for transport
and such agricultural supplies as the country afforded.
The old Boer transport rider, with his long train of
oxen (eight or nine pairs in a span), his great slouch
liat, and formidable whip, was a most picturesque object.
A long iron chain connected the pole of the wagon with
the foremost pair of oxen, the wooden yokes being affixed
.at intervals along this and secured to the necks of each
pair by loops of rope or leather. A small Kaffir boy —
the 'voor-looper' guided the movements of the foremost
animals, and kept watch over them, usually lying for
hours face downward in the dust of the market-square,
while his master haggled over the disposal of his produce.
The Kaffirs employed at the mines were of many differ-
ent races, and tribal fights were by no means uncommon.
I have myself witnessed several spirited combats of this
kind. The opposing parties would establish themselves
on neighboring mine-dumps, and after a prolonged
period of mutual recrimination and vituperation, would
make a simultaneous charge followed by a scrimmage in
which 'knob-kerries' would crash unceasingly on un-
yielding craniums. Zulus, Basutos, Shangaans, Fingos,
Matabele, and other tribes contributed their numbers to
supply the unskilled labor of the goldfield, attracted by
the hope of earning, in a few months, the means of pro-
viding themselves with such a supply of cattle and wives
as would obviate the need for further work on the part
of the lord and master. Needless to say, these dreams
were not always realized, and many fell victims to drink,
to insufficient shelter from the rigors of the climate on
the high veldt, and to the many vices, and diseases that
they acquired by contact with white 'civilization'.
Thp Anakie sapphire fields in Queensland had a
profitable year during 1919. Never before has the price
of gem stones risen so high, and never have so many buy-
ers been doing business on the fields. "While at the begin-
ning of 1919 prices, generally speaking, were slightly
higher than before the War, toward the middle of the
year they steadily mounted, until the value of ordinary
'parcel' blues had, on the average, doubled. For large
corundum, for which there was a keen demand during
war time, the price has not varied much. It is said that
in the present chaotic state of some European countries
many people, having lost faith in paper money and scrip,
are converting their assets into gems as having an inter-
national value. It is also stated that, since lapidarian
workshops have been established in Great Britain during
the War and the gem industry has assumed larger pro-
portions in France, the cutting and distribution of sap-
phires is no longer, as it was, practically a monopoly of
the towns of Idar and Oberstein, in Germany, and that
consequent competition between old and new establish-
ments tends to increase the demand and raise the price
of rough stone. There has been a gradual rise in the
price of stones since 1900.
Gold has been found in the beds of rivers rising in the
Carpathians, but they have as yet not been prospected.
Particles of gold up to 2.35 carats have, however, often
been found in the washings of the Oltul. In the district
of Ramnicu-Valcea workings of an experimental nature
were begun in 1912. The ore gives from 15 to 30 gm. of
gold per ton, but the known reserve of this grade is only
3000 tons. These deposits present but a scientific inter-
est, as yet no serious work having been undertaken to
arrive at their practical importance.
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
:..-.
Pulverized Coal in Metallurgical Furnaces at
Cerro de Pasco
By OTIS L. McINTYRE
•The Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation at La Fundi-
eion. Peru, uses about 65,000 tons of coke per year, of
Which about 85% is local coke made at the smelter, and
]")' , is imported. This latter is very expensive, and of
course both classes of coke enter largely into the smelting
costs; consequently, about two years ago it was decided
to determine what could be done in the way of using
pulverized coal in the various departments of the smelter.
The preliminary work consisted in determining the gen-
eral combustibility of the local coals in pulverized form.
These coals are obtained from two mines operated by the
company and have the following general analysis :
Ash, 26.8%; volatile material, 40.05%; and fixed
carbon, 33.15%.
This coal was dried by hand on steam hot-pans to less
than 1% moisture, and then ground in a 4 by 4-ft. Marcy
mill, the product being stored in barrels until a sufficient
quantity had been pulverized to run a test. An average
screen-test of this pulverized coal was about as follows:
on 60 mesh, 8% ; on 100 mesh, 8%.; on 200 mesh, 14% ;
through 200 mesh, 70%.
The equipment used in the test is shown in Pig. 1-A.
It consists of a coal-hopper, a 3-in. feed-screw driven by
variable-speed motor, and a No. 2 Sturtevant blower sup-
plying the air. The burner was a standard 6-in. pipe
projecting about 12 in. into the furnace, which was ap-
proximately 4 by 4 by 16 ft. and constructed of firebrick.
A number of tests were run with this equipment and
though no pyrometric measurements were taken, obser-
vation of the furnace showed the results to be satis-
factory.
The tests were first made with pure pulverized coal,
and then with mixtures of coal and coke breeze, varying
from 10 to 35% breeze, which gave practically the same
results as did the pure coal. The lay-out was then
changed, Pig. 1-B, to test the practicability of using more
than one burner with a single feeder. This test was run
with the 4-in. return pipe, first open and then closed, the
results indicating that satisfactory operation could be
obtained by either method with a properly proportioned
system of pipes.
The next test made was in the sintering of fine ores on
a standard Dwight-Lloyd sintering machine. These ma-
chines are oil-fired, and if coal could be substituted it
would effect a considerable saving. The equipment used
in this test was the same as shown in Pig. 1-A, except that
a 1-in. screw-feeder, a smaller fan, and a 2-in. pipe
burner were used. This test produced a satisfactory
*A paper presented before the American Society of Me-
chanical Engineers at St. Louis, in May 1920.
sinter, though some trouble was encountered in the pri-
mary ignition of the coal, and the standard oil-muffle
proved to be too small.
The next experiment was to test the feasibility of con-
veying pulverized coal under direct-air pressure. The
lay-out used is shown in Fig. 2. Pulverized coal was
placed in the pressure-tank and air at 20 to 25 lb. was
then admitted through the f-in. pipe at the top of the
Fig. 1.
EQUIPMENT FOR PRELIMINARY COMBUSTION-TESTS
FOR PULVERIZED COAL
tank. The 4-in. valve at the bottom was then opened and
the coal passed through the 4-in. piping system to the
coal-hopper. In this way 4000 lb. of coal was transported
in from 1J to 2 minutes. The loss through the vent-pipe
varied from 100 to 200 lb. This can be taken care of by
using dust-collectors on the hopper, or an exhaust system
which would return this waste coal to the main hopper.
The foregoing tests were so favorable that it was de-
cided to erect a larger experimental pulverizing-plant.
There were available for this purpose one set of 18 by
36-in. rolls, one 4 by 4-ft. Marcy mill, and two 6 by 4-ft.
56
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
Allis-Chalmers ball-granulators. The drier consisted of
five passes of 16-in. by 12-ft. screw-eonveyor, mounted
in a brick housing on top of the reverberatory flue,
through which part of the flue-gases were by-passed.
After completing this plant it was decided to make the
first experiment on the blast-furnaces, so No. 5 furnace
was selected for the purpose and was equipped on one
side only, as shown in Fig. 3. The coal was ground at the
experimental plant and transferred to the No. 5 furnace
in a hopper-bottomed car, being weighed in transit. A
number of tests varying from 8 to 12 hours were run with
this equipment. The air-pressure in the furnace aver-
aged 34 oz., and auxiliary air for injecting coal about
22 lb. The charge of coke was reduced first 25% and
then 50%. These tests were so encouraging that it was
decided to equip the other side of the furnace with coal-
feeders and run a test of several days' duration. This
was done and the results were entirely satisfactory. Dur-
ing these tests the auxiliary air was taken from the con-
verter air-line, which varied from 12 to 16 lb. pressure.
The following quantities will give an idea of the propor-
tion of coke and pulverized coal used :
Length of run. hours 14 50
Normal charge of coke, lb 31.000 114.000
Actual charge of coke, lb 17.000 61.800
Pulverized coal fed to furnace, lb 8,900 41,000
The analysis and screen-tests of the coal used were
practically the same as noted above. The performance of
the furnace during all tests was carefully observed and
was found to be fully equal to that when operating on the
normal coke charge. Two difficulties were experienced on
the blast-furnaee test : namely, keeping some to the feed-
ers in operation and keeping the tuyeres open. It was
observed that in some of the feeders there was a slight
back-pressure, due probably to partly blocked tuyeres.
This did not affect materially the feeding, but forced
some coal-dust into the feeder-bearings which mixed with
the oil and finally bound the bearings so that it became
necessary to shut-down that particular feeder and clean
the bearings. This was easily done without stopping the
other feeders, as the gears on the main shaft were
mounted on feathers and provided with shifters. By
using dust-proof bearings and a better-designed injector,
we expect t. eliminate this trouble.
Keeping the tuyeres open is absolutely essential to the
safe and efficient operation of this process, and as it is a
manual operation it must be handled by the operators.
During these tests, tuyeres were 'punched' every 15 to
20 minutes on signal. On one occasion a tuyere became
badly blocked, the feed was cut off and the tuyere-cap
opened. The blast from the furnace blew out a dense
cloud of coal-dust and molten material. The dust was
ignited and burned on the outside of the furnace for 20
to 30 seconds with an intense flame about six feet long,
the tuyere acting as an ordinary coal-burner. In view of
the difficulty of keeping the tuyeres open and the connec-
tions air-tight, it is probable that the most satisfactory
place to inject the coal into the furnace would be through
a separate opening in the jackets, between and preferably
somewhat above the tuyeres.
The No. 5 reverberatory was selected for the final test.
All four reverberatory furnaces in use are identical : they
are old-style, designed for hand-firing, and about 18
by 58 ft. inside the bridge-wall. The coal was discharged
from the last mill into a hopper and dropped into a 7-in.
pipe where it was picked up by an air-jet and conveyed to
the coal-hopper, a distance of about 80 ft. with a rise of
about 30 ft. ; the top of the hopper was constructed simi-
larly to a cyclone dust-collector. From the hopper a 6-in.
variable-speed screw-feeder fed the coal into the suction
side of a No. 9 Sturtevant Monogram blower ; this in turn
discharged the mixture of coal and air into the feed-
piping from which branched five 6-in. pipe-burners into
the furnace, the excess air and coal returning to the
hopper.
The results of this test were disappointing, but when
the following difficulties are corrected, the furnace will,
beyond question, show a higher efficiency than the hand-
fired furnace. First, the coal could not be dried suffi-
ciently, the average moisture being in excess of 1.5%.
This introduced difficulty in handling. The plant would
not grind sufficient coal to the required fineness, the
average screen analysis being: on 65 mesh, 22.8%;
through 65 mesh, 8.5%; through 100 mesh, 25.6%;
through 200 mesh, 42.4%.
Furthermore the discharge from the hopper to the
feeder was too small, and the coal continually caked and
bridged. The screw-feeder was so short that the coal
flushed badly at times ; also the discharge from the feeder
was too far from the fan so that the coal accumulated in
the suction-pipe and had to be removed with an air-jet.
Under these conditions it was obvious that uniform feed-
ing, which is essential to efficient operation, was im-
possible.
This test covered nine days, and was run for two days
with the return-pipe open. Some time during the second
day the return-pipe was blocked, due to overfeeding, and
it was decided to continue the test without opening the
run-pipe, the only difference being an apparently heavier
feed at the burner farthest from the fan. With a prop-
erly designed piping system there seems to be no reason
why a series of burners cannot be operated from a single
feeder with or without a return. The last day's run of
this test was made with a mixture of 75% coal and 25%
coke breeze, which gave results equal to. straight coal.
The following table shows a comparison between the
average performance of reverberatories No. 2, 3, and 4,
which were hand-fired, and No. 5 over the same period:
, — Average of — ■
2-3-4 5
Charge smelted per hour, tons 5.35 4.63
Coal used per hour, tons 2.00 1.99
Smelting ratio 2.67 2.33
Duration of run, hours 262 225
Time last, hours 37
These results are really not so bad when the troubles
experienced are considered and it is remembered that this
furnace was not designed for pulverized coal, that it cools
very rapidly dui'ing any shut-down, and that consider-
able time is required to bring it up to the smelting tem-
perature again.
As accumulations of ash are an important factor in
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
57
- CoolHopptr
, fc**ST
Fig. 2. equipment for testing feasibility of convey-
ing PULVERIZED COAL BY DIRECT AIR-PRESSURE
Pig. 3. experimental equipment for using pulverized
coal on No. 5 blast-furnace
reverberatory smelting with pulverized coal, close ob-
servation was made of these accumulations, and the fol-
lowing samples were taken :
1. Ash and slag float on the bath : comes out when
skimming in small and large pieces, sometimes has to be
broken to pass the skiming-door, is easily handled when
furnace is hot, but is tough and sticky when furnace is
cool.
2. Ash in boiler cross-flue: spongy mass of ash and
some slag accumulates in fairly large quantities in cross-
flue between furnace and waste-heat boilers; is soft and
easy to remove when first deposited, but if allowed to re-
main, is difficult to remove.
3. Ash on sides and roof of furnace: almost pure ash,
lightweight and brittle when cold, appears to accumulate
on sides and roof of furnace until too heavy to stick, when
it drops and floats on the bath.
4. Ash in reverberatory flue, similar to No. 2.
Quite a large quantity of ash was deposited during
each shift on the boiler-tubes, but was easily blown off
by compressed air once or twice a shift. It was estimated
that at least 50% of the total ash was disposed of in the
manner described, while the remainder was deposited in
the main flue and went up the stack.
As a result of these experiments a modern 250-ton coal-
pulverizing plant was designed and is now in course of
erection. Blast-furnaces, reverberatories, and sintering
plant will be equipped for pulverized coal, and the ex-
periments will be continued to ascertain the equipment
most suitable for local conditions, which will then be
used at the new smelter now being constructed. In con-
clusion, it may be of interest to note that these experi-
ments and tests were carried out at an elevation of 14,200
feet.
The Bering River and Matanuska coalfields in Alaska,
according to a report of representatives from various
government departments, contain high-grade bituminous
coal much better than that on the Pacific seaboard, as
well as some anthracite. The coal is closely folded and
much broken, making it expensive to mine, and render-
ing it in part unavailable for present profitable exploita-
tion. There are, however, in both fields, high-grade coal
that can be mined and these will find an export market.
Until they have been more thoroughly prospected by
underground exploration, it is not possible to predict
their annual tonnage. The committee says the develop-
ment of Alaskan coalfields is of first importance, and rec-
ommends that it be encouraged by making the terms of
leases as liberal as the law will allow ; that underground
explorations in the Matanuska coalfields be conducted
with vigor by the Government ; that companies engaged
in prospecting the Bering River coalfield be encouraged
to develop coal ; that the departments give immediate con-
sideration to the desirability of establishing a coaling-
station for commercial and naval use at a port in the
Aleutian Islands suitably situated to serve Trans-Pacific
shipping ; and that the Alaskan coal-leasing law be modi-
fied so as to allow a prospecting period of four years be-
fore a lease is signed.
58
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10. 1920
The Las Chispas Mine, in Sonora, Mexico
By FERNANDO MONTIJO Jr.
The Las Chispas mine is near the town of Arizpe, and
about 40 miles from the railroad at Nacozari, Sonora, by
pack-trail through difficult broken country. There are
several roughly parallel veins in the same spur of the
Sierra, none of which, except Las Chispas, and Guillermo
Tell, has been explored systematically.
Near the mine the surface shows old lavas, tuffs, and
breccias, with an occasional patch of conglomerate. The
Chispas vein occupies a fault-fissure that has a north-
west-southeast strike. It has been explored by mine-
workings through a number of layers of breccia and tuff,
locally called mantos; these are closely related in mineral
composition and about 600 ft. thick in all. Next the vein
penetrates a light-gray dense rock, megascopieally felsite-
porphyry, extrusive, followed by a pink felsite-porphyry,
together about 200 ft. thick. Then comes less than 100
ft. of No. 2 breccia, and No. 2 felsite, of unknown thick-
ness and as yet unexplored except by a shaft outside the
vein. These formations, throughout the length of the
mine, occupy a gentle syncline.
A basaltic dike, dark-green, with numerous small crys-
tals of pyrite, cuts nearly vertically, through the forma-
tions. This dike is anterior to the vein-fault. A number
of minor cross-slips (crosswise in relation to the vein)
and one major cross-fracture are posterior to the dike
but anterior to the vein-fault. There is no evidence of
further faulting posterior to the vein. The dike is first
cut in cross-cut 619B (of the adit-level) at a distance of
110 ft. north-east of the vein. At station 627 it was
found at a distance of 15 ft. from the vein. At station
629 the vein crosses the dike, both running together, how-
ever, for a distance of 35 ft. The angle between dike and
vein at the point of crossing is about 11°. From here the
dike is not again cut until station 648, beyond the largest
cross-slip, is reached. Here vein and dike touch tangen-
tially for about 40 ft. Finally, the dike is met 28 ft.
south-west of the vein in the 650 or Dolores cross-cut.
These relations are shown in Fig. 1. The vein-fissure is
continuous throughout its explored length ; the only ef-
fect the dike has upon it is fo deflect its course at the
crossing where both run together for 35 ft. and again
where both touch tangentially for 40 ft. The dike is
faulted by the small cross-slips, but not the vein.
The economic minerals are native silver, silver chloride
and argentite mainly in the upper breccia; argentite,
polybasite, stephanite, and ruby silver in the felsites be-
low. Interior shafts extend into the lower breccia and
No. 2 felsite, but outside the vein. At the 800-ft. or
deepest level we are near the lower contact of the upper
felsites. in the zone of secondary sulphides. Besides the
silver sulphides, the ore contains pyrite and a very small
quantity of zinc, lead, and copper sulphides, besides anti-
mony, of course, in the polybasite and stephanite. The
gangue is quartz, clay, very little calcite, and fragments
of eountry-roek. A typical analysis of shipping ore gives,
the following proportions of metals: silver, 350 oz. per
ton; gold, 2.75 oz. ; lead, 0.7%.; copper, 0.2%; zinc,
1.4%.; iron, 4.5% ; lime„l%.
Certain persistent habits of mineralization have been
observed. The ore occurs along the vein in exceedingly
irregular patches, or 'pockets'; these are irregular as to-
size, shape, position, and quality of ore. However, dis-
tinct shoots may be recognized with barren areas between
them. These ore-shoots persist through the breccias into
the felsites below, apparently with no change due to-
change of country-rock. The quartz filling is continuous
in the fissure independent of sulphides. The dike also-
has no apparent influence on the mineralization. At the
crossing of dike and vein there is no ore whatever, only
fragments of dike and country-rock enclosed in clean
quartz. At the point of tangential contact of dike and
vein, the dike is again shattered, but, being along one of
the recognized ore-shoots, there are sulphides with the
quartz-enclosing fragments of rock. There is no ore in
the cross-cuts reaching the dike, on either side. The vein
cuts across the cross-slips at a constant angle of about 26°
and in the areas of ore-shoots the ore invariably extends
away from the vein for a few feet along the cross-slip.
In the barren stretches there is no ore on the cross-slips.
The 'caliche', or clay-filling, seems to play an important
role in the mineralization. Usually the limits of an ore-
pocket are defined by caliche completely filling the open
spaces in the vein-fissure. Beyond the ore and caliche
there may be up to a foot of open space between the
quartz lining on either side but not an ounce of silver to
the ton. The mineralizing solutions or emanations seem
to have been confined within certain channels by the fill-
ing of caliche. A diagrammatic sketch of the conditions
would be as in Fig. 2. The caliche is derived from the
feldspar of the wall-rock. The feldspar phenocrysts of
the felsite-porphyry in the vicinity of the vein are so
decomposed that they may be picked out of their molds
with the point of a pin. Some of the caliche, however,
is attrition gouge. The finding of caliche in mine-work-
ings has always been taken as a sign of the proximity of
rich ore.
The mine may be considered young, as measured by the
extent of mining operations to date. Only two leveb
have been opened and not along the whole length of the
vein, below the adit-level. Above there are four main
levels, but the ore has not been stoped out altogether.
The vein was reached near the north-western boundary
by a cross-cut adit 1150 ft. long, continued by the main-
level drift for 1250 ft. in a direction S. 42-T E. to sur-
vey-station 629, or the point where the vein crosses the
dike ; then in a S. 344/ E. direction to station 648, or the
July LO, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
59
point where the vein again encounters the dike and both
touch tangential!?, for a distance of 750 Et. Near this
point a stringer branches out. Finally, from station 648
the main vein continues for 500 ft. more in a S. 54° E.
direction to beyond station 054. From the cross-cut adit
in the opposite, or north-west, direction there are further-
division there are three roughlj defined ore^shoots: the
first is between stations 610 and 615 and has yielded only
second-class or mill ore, in small quantities; the second
shoot, at the No. 1 interior shaft, has produced some lirsl-
class ore in stopes immediately below the adit-level and
has not yet been mined out completely. It has not been
SCALE OF FEET
SOO
~*<.
IOOO
Fig. I. Relation of Vein, Dike and Cross-slips, in plan.
Vein - Dike t8< 5SS5 Cross -slips — — ""
Bar ren-+~^%%ie
quartz
Fig. 2. A typical pocket. Horizontal section.
Ore < » > ^ Caliche :-::\ : .:\ Quartz iVHW/SI Wall-rock I I
Level
Level
■ A"-- 1 . 1 " ' ■■■ ■■ ' ' ■ ■■ '
Level
to Shaft
Ore
Mine-
openings
Level
'■':■ ". ' ' " i
Fig. 3-A. Ideal stope
Fig. 3-B. 738 Stope
GEOLOGY OF THE LAS CEISPAS MINE
"more 520 ft. of drift. All these general directions be-
tween like points are the same on all levels above and
below. There are thus four main divisions separated in
a vertical plane by imaginary lines pitching 79° S. In
the first division, north of the cross-cut adit there has
been no ore found with the exception of a small and un-
important pocket cut by the Locarno shaft. In the second
found above the adit-level. The third and last shoot of
the second division contains the discovery ore-pocket,
which extends irregularly for about 150 ft. along the
strike and which from near the surface to the 406-ft.
level yielded several million ounces Of silver. This is in
the region of Las Chispas shaft. From the 400 to the
600-ft. level there is a break in the shoot, there being
60
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
practically no ore, but below the 600-ft. level the No. 2
shaft shoot appears to be the continuation of the Chispas
shoot. The stopes reached from No. 2 shaft have yielded
well and are not yet worked out, but the shaft has had
to be abandoned and the ore will have to be reached from
No. 1 shaft. The third division includes the most im-
portant part of the mine: within this there are two sub-
shoots: the 38-39 shoot and the 43 shoot continue to the
800-ft. or deepest present level with no sign of discon-
tinuity below 800 ft. as far as is ascertainable. No. 3
interior shaft is in the region of 43 shoot. The fourth
and last main division contains the Tajo Chico called the
53 shoot below the main level and practically continuous
with the 56 shoot, and, finally, the rather small pocket.
but one that yielded very rich ore, where No. 4 interior
shaft was started from the main level. No continuation
of this ore has been found in the level above nor in that
below. The Central air-shaft is close to the Tajo Chico
shoot and in this region on the old levels above there is
known to be considerable ore. These levels may be re-
covered by re-timbering.
At present no work is being done except in the 38-39,
the 43, and the 53-56 shoots in the 700 and 800-ft. levels.
For the past eight months production has been well above
normal and absolutely all the ore extracted has been from
the felsite zone below the upper breccia. The richest ore
is in 842A raise from the 800-ft. level on the 43 shoot.
On the 800-ft. level itself ore has been developed for 135
ft. in the north drift from No. 3 shaft and the end of the
shoot has not yet been reached. This length of drift in
ore on the 800 compares well with the longest drifts in ore
in the breccia zone of the upper levels, thus exploding the
theory that there are no important orebodies below the
breccia zone! On the 800 the vein averages 6$ ft. in
width and the ore from the north drift, after hand-sort-
ing, has averaged as follows: first class, 20% of the total.
360 oz. silver; second class, 35% of the total. 55 oz. ; and
waste, 45%, with less than 3 oz. silver. The gold con-
tent is about 5 of 1% of the silver. No sloping has been
started from the 800 yet, but three raises have been just
begun ; one of which will connect with the 738 winze for
ventilation. The three are in ore.
Mining methods will be described briefly: The wall-
rock is firm throughout the mine and the vein nearly
vertical. It is apparent that the best way of stoping
would be to open a raise from one level to the next, and
to underhand inclined slices into the raise, leaving open
space above (see Fig. 3) . This method would be splendid
but for the fact that if the ore-patch is of the form shown
in Fig. 3 (an actual stope), the preparation of openings
through waste for the underhand-slicing method would
cost considerably more than overhand-stoping on stulls,
following the ore. One cannot know beforehand what
the shape of the ore-pocket is going to be. Both under-
hand and overhand stoping are used as may be advisable,
but in either case it has been found cheaper to extract
all the waste instead of leaving it in the stopes on the
necessary timbering. Timber is scarce, expensive, and of
poor quality. Imported timber is not to be considered
on acount of the cost. Openings between levels are
started from both ends simultaneously, connection of
raise and winze being made at about half-way. Many
intermediate short drifts as well as intermediate blind
raises, inclines, etc., are made for prospecting along
signs of ore and to find the continuation of a known
patch of ore. Almost no timbering is required except
for shafts, chutes, and the stulls in raises and overhand
stopes, necessary for convenience, but not to sustain the
walls. All ore is trammed out through the adit-level.
Four interior shafts serve this level, but at present only ,
one, the No. 3. is working. Bach car, after being filled,
is marked with the number of the chute or face it comes
from, in order to keep a record of the production of each |
pocket of ore. This record has proved serviceable in
prospecting for new pockets and more dependable than,
hand-sampling of the faces and stopes. The kind andi
grade of ore demand quality rather than quantity of ma- 1
terial extracted, and mining operations are devised ac-i
cordingly. The present compressor plant suffices fori
only six machines, besides the interior hoist and the one<
pump in No. 3 shaft, and the small column-hoist fori
winzes. Hand-drilling is employed to supplement the,
machines. Driving, sinking, and raising are generally
paid by the foot of advance ; stoping by the day, with a
premium for an extra footage of holes drilled.
This article will end with a few remarks on recent local (
history : Political disturbances have greatly handicapped
operations since 1911, by interrupting transportation and
withdrawing security against labor troubles. In 1917 1
the mine was confiscated by the local government and :
handed back when all the rich ore exposed had been ex-|
tracted. This confiscation followed a strike and favored;
the strikers, who obtained all their demands, while the,
mine was not operated by the company. Since then,;
however, better guarantee has been obtained from the^
Government. One result of the confiscation was thej
necessity for considerable unprofitable development work
in the years following. Moreover, a flood swept away the
pump-station on the Sonora river, leaving the mill with-;
out water. The pump-line has not yet been repaired and
rain and mine-water have been used in the mill. Rain-;
water is available in limited quantities during the sum-
mer. The mine makes enough water in three months to
fill the reservoirs for a mill-run of 10 days. The mill
has had five 10-day runs each year in the past two years,,
producing about 35 tons of concentrate of about 500-oz
grade per run ; head, 45 oz. ; concentration, 11 : 1. The
tailing is being saved for re-treatment. From the above
it will be clear that at present the business of the mine is
to produce first-class ore. The small amount of mill-ore
extracted is in connection with shipping ore, the rest
being left in place.
;,:
Safety, sanitation, lighting, and ventilation under-
ground should receive proper attention and supervision
Safety devices and proper directed safety supervision
more than pay their cost in decreased loss of labor
through lessened accidents and saving in compensation.
At large mines a safety-engineer is as much a necessity
as a mining engineer according to the Bureau of Mines.
Ill
: ;
I
■i
Julv Id. l'lji'
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
61
Three Hours With the Democrats
By C. T. H.
Tin' Convention was a wonderful thing I'm- San Fran-
Bscans. For the first time in history, this great event,
the selection of a candidate for the highest office in the
land by one of the great political parties, has taken place
west of the Rockies. We who, perforce, have had to be-
hold similar events through the eyes of Samuel Blythe,
or Irvin Cobb, have had an opportunity to get our im-
pressions first hand. Accordingly, on the second day of
this history-making event, we hied ourselves to San
Francisco's Auditorium prepared to behold with awe the
portentous deliberations, to listen with rapt attention
to the greatest spellbinders from 48 States, and to follow
the words of the keynoter as he "views with alarm", and
"points with pride".
After passing successfully the phalanx of police officers,
ticket-takers, sergeants-at-arms, and other lesser digni-
taries, we were conducted to a seat in the gallery, where
we settled ourselves as well as possible on our aerie perch,
and looked around at the rapidly augmenting throng.
There was a glittering colorful panorama spread before
is. On the main floor were the special seats for the dele-
gates, each State section duly marked with its name on a
placard erected on a stand. The ladies with their gaily
colored hats and gowns added a pleasing touch of bright-
ness. At one end of the great hall was the semicircular
platform where the elect of the elect were seated. A
husky table in front was provided to sustain the whacks
of the chairman's gavel, while a magnavox sound-ampli-
fier suspended from the roof and connected with the
speakers' rostrum looked for all the world like a set of
covered launders in a cyanide plant distributing pulp to
a battery of Dorr thickeners from a central point.
Back of the platform and just below the great pipe-
organ was an oil portrait draped in flags purporting to
represent the President ; at least we cannot imagine who
else it could have been. Whoever the artist was, he cer-
tainly took atrocious liberties with the physiognomy of
the man who is trying to make the world safe for Demo-
crats for another four years. There he was looking
down upon his satellites with an expression at once
sardonic and admonitory, his watchful eye upon all they
do, assisted by a glittering array of cabinet ministers,
and other Federal office-holders in the flesh, who, as they
| flutter to and fro upon the floor, occasionally glance to-
ward the portrait of their titular over-lord, as if in search
of commendation and encouragement.
To the left of the organ in the gallery was what is
known as an augmented brass band; and it was some
band. Its working pressure must have been 100 pounds
or more, with the safety-valve in imminent danger of
popping most of the time. It could play ' Dixie ' and, per-
haps, one or two other things as alternatives during off
periods. Then there was a mixed quartette, fully
equipped with seven-passenger megaphones, through
which the members shouted a medley of sounds, which
were occasionally distinguishable above the band, the
pipe-organ, and the cheering delegates. Below the plat-
form, groaning beneath its weight of notables, were the
press headquarters at which all sorts of special corre-
spondents were busily grinding out the story of the con-
vention by rounds for the edification of one hundred
million free American citizens. Flags, and quantities of
red, white, and blue bunting festooned the galleries,
flanked by what might be called the 'house' banners of
rival candidates.
It was 12 : 45 p.m. and the hour set for the beginning
of hostilities was 1. Suddenly there was a commotion at
the far end of the hall. Thousands of necks craned for-
ward to see. "It is Bryan", said someone in an awe-
some whisper. The band played 'Dixie' and everybody
yelled. It wasn't Bryan after all. It was just some-
body or other with a bald head. The crowd sighed with
disappointment and resumed their seats. A diversion
was created by a quartette, this time unmixed, that
essayed to shout a song about Palmer, the "peepul's
choice", to the tune of 'John Brown's Body'. A rival
quartette struck up something about Cox and his su-
preme qualifications for the presidency, and nearly
drowned out the Palmer quartette until the band played
'Dixie', everybody yelled, and all were smothered. To
show that they were not down-hearted, the Cox people,
bearing banners proclaiming they were Cox's army,
stamped around the aisles yelling themselves hoarse, ac-
companied by boos and catcalls from the camps of rival
candidates. A shrill crowing that sounded like McAdoo-
dle-doo showed political bias in favor of the present
dynasty on the part of a sizable group of lusty-lunged
patriots. Oh, yes, the band played 'Dixie', and every-
body yelled.
Finally, at 2, a tall, imposing, bald-headed man ap-
proached the rostrum, and whacked the husky table with
his gavel. He said something or other about the meeting
coming to order, but it took a lot of whacks before the
roar subsided, and the delegates and spectators quit
shuffling their feet, and the band played, not 'Dixie', but
the National Anthem. Then came the invocation by a
bishop of one of the assorted churches selected for the
task. He prayed long and .earnestly, for the United
States of America, the President, his official family, the
Justices of the Supreme Court, Senators, and Congress-
men, in fact for everybody except Republicans. He
expressed the hope that those in authority would admin-
ister their trust with skill and foresight, in which prayer
everybody joined. At times when his vocal efforts co-
ordinated perfectly with the magnavox, an effect was
produced that was reminiscent of the renaissance of the
62
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
phonograph ; in fact one could almost hear that nasal
" Columbia-a-a Ree-ord", with which the first of the
disc records were wont to conclude their offerings.
Another whack from the Chairman's gavel, and he
read a telegram to be dispatched to the Governor of Ten-
nessee commending him for calling a special session of
the legislature to ratify the suffrage amendment. He
asked a unanimous vote for authority to send the tele-
gram in the name of the convention. He put the ques-
tion, and got a bunch of ayes and a considerable sprink-
ling of noes. "Unanimously carried", he blandly an-
nounced. The steam-roller was on the job. Then came
the report of the Credentials Committee. This promised
to be interesting on account of the fight over the seating
of Senator Reed of Missouri, who, though a Democrat,
has been bucking the administration program at Wash-
ington. The secretary of the committee took his place on
the rostrum, and read his report. He turned down Sena-
tor Reed cold. A spokesman from the Missouri section
asked the privilege of the floor, and proceeded to the
rostrum. He mildly objected to the action of the com-
mittee as over-riding the action of the voters in Senator
Reed's district, especially as that district was almost
'chemically pure' Democrat, and rolled up whooping big
majorities for the Party. The secretary, in reply, dis-
played a little more vigor, and after calling Senator Reed
a renegade Democrat, and stating that he wasn't elected
by anybody at all. and that he couldn't have no seat,
nohow, he sat clown, well satisfied. Another whack of
the gavel, and the Chairman asked for the approval of
the committee's report. Again came a lot of vociferous
ayes, followed by some vigorous noes. "Unanimously
carried", quoth the Chairman. The steam-roller was
shooting on all six.
Then came the piece ele resistance. With solemn voice
the Chairman delegated three notables to escort the per-
manent chairman to the platform. Three spotlights
burst into view and focused their blinding rays upon the
three escorters, as they wound their way around to
where the great man sat, and trotted after him to the
platform. He was Senator Robinson of Arkansas. With
the assistance of the committee of three, he popped up
through the trap door and landed safely on the platform.
The Chairman whacked some more and introduced the
permanent gavel-wielder. He was greeted with prolonged
cheering, and the band playe'd 'Dixie'. Then, when the
noise subsided, he stepped up to the rostrum, and began
his keynoting.
He singled out the Republican platform as the object
of his scathing denunciation. He ripped it up. He tore
it to pieces. He took it apart, plank by plank, and re-
duced it to kindling wood amid the howls of his delighted
audience, who viewed the destruction of that cherished
structure with vociferous glee. He lambasted the Re-
publicans. He called them names. He heaped upon
them vitriolic vituperation. What a bully time he had,
and how they all enjoyed it. "Why", said he, in effect,
"have the Republicans failed to observe their time-hon-
ored custom of declaring that a Democratic administra-
tion is always synonymous with hard times. Because",;
he paused with fine dramatic effect, "the American'
people are enjoying a period of prosperity unparalleled
in the history of our country". "Gee", remarked a by-
stander, sotto voce, "I didn't know the Kaiser was a,
democrat and started the War to drive all the business
to this country. Anyway," he philosophized, "if the 1
Democrats are responsible for $40 suits of clothes at $100,
and $6 shoes at $20, I'll be doggone if I don't vote for 1
Harding." He got up and went out. So did we.
James M. Cox
C
liull
The career of Governor James M. Cox, Democratic)
presidential nominee, began on a farm. He worked his
way to be editorial writer for the Cincinnati 'Enquirer';
owner of the Dayton 'Daily News' and the Springfield!
'Press-Republican', when he formed the News League ofl
Ohio ; and thence to politics, being a member of the Sixty-I
first and Sixty-second Congresses, and eventually be-
coming, in 1913, Governor of Ohio, which office he now.
holds. Cox was born on a farm near Jaeksonburg, Butler
county, Ohio, on March 31, 1870, the son of Gilbert and
Eliza A. Cox. As a boy he learned to know what chores
were early in the morning and late at night. As soon as
he was able he spent more time at work than at play.
Cox as a boy attended country schools and later \va>
graduated from the Middletown high-school. He always
was earning money of his own by doing odd jobs. He was
once a janitor in a rural church. Later he was a news-
boy, working up to a printer on a Middletown weekly
doing these things to help finance his way through school
He never attended • college. After his graduation fron
school, Cox taught in rural schools for several years, bu'!
having a liking for the newspaper business he became a
reporter on the Middletown 'News-Signal', then stil
owned by John Q. Baker, his brother-in-law, remaining
there until he obtained a place on the Cincinnati 'En I
quirer'.
Cox purchased the 'Daily News' at Dayton in 1S9S
The paper was at that time operating on a losing basis
However, he finally succeeded in making it yield a profit
Five years later he bought the Springfield 'Press-Repub
liean', and today both newspapers are highly profitable ,: ''wi
institutions. He was elected to Congress in 1908 and re| B N,k
elected in 1910. In this capacity he attracted the atten! al for
tion of State Democratic leaders, and in 1912, at the las' *.?«,
nominating convention held in Ohio, became the party'* 4'>Bi
candidate for Governor and won. His election in 191! ' ir t,i
made him the only Democrat elected Governor threi 'Kti.j
times in the normally Republican State of Ohio.
Governor Cox is a lover of the out-of-doors, plays golf! 1!t «t.
hunts and fishes, rides horseback, takes long hikes. Hi 1 ** ana
is stockily built, with a strong neck, indicative of com .*».\'
bativeness, and has remarkable physical endurance. Hi >%n
is an eloquent campaign and after-dinner orator. Hr,,
The Governor lives, when not at the executive hom<| 1'ffr
in Columbus, in a beautiful country home at Trail's End. ^paijj
near Dayton.
(uly 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
S3
R E V IB
I MING
llllllltllllllUMIIIIIItllHIIMIIIIIIIIII
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FIELD
"> nh '■•" «■'»> iliiiitiimiii iiiii mi i ilium in iimmiiiimmi iitiiimiiiiiiiiiimtiiiiiiiimimiiin I miiiilliiiiiiillillllllllliliiiiiiiiiiimiiii
ARIZONA
COPPER QUEEN KINDS WATEB FOR NEW CONCENTRATOR.
Bisbee. — During the past year development has been
■nducted by the Copper Queen branch of the Phelps
Oodge Corporation in the Cochise shaft in Warren, to get
i substantial water supply for the new 4000-ton coneen-
•jator which is under construction. Within the last few
lays a strong flow of water lias been met on the 1700-ft.
evel. about 400 ft. south-east of the shaft in the Black
ings. It is believed that good ore will be developed in
the vicinity of the old works, and for the present mining
operations in the new workings will be discontinued, and
all efforts concentrated on opening up and re-timbering
old drifts and stopes. Development work in the Night-
hawk is progressing satisfactorily and it is expected that
the main cross-cut on the 750-ft, or new, level should out
the ore with about 70 ft. more of work. It is stated that
the orebody has been cut 30 ft. in one direction and 35 ft.
in the other, with the faces of the drifts still in ore.
MILL AND MINE-SHAFTS OF THE MIAMI COPPER CO., ARIZONA
Bock section. So far the volume has not as yet been
jauged, but it is believed that it will be more than suffi-
iient for the needs of the mill. A conference of branch
nanagers, assistant managers, and other officials of the
Phelps Dodge Corporation was held at Bisbee. Confer-
jnces of a similar nature are called periodically by P. G.
Beckett, general manager for the corporation, for the ex-
change of views and the discussion of matters of general
uterest. Among those who will be present are the man-
agers and assistant managers of the Bisbee, Morenci,
Tyrone, Naeozari, and Globe branches of the corporation ;
;he superintendent of the Copper Queen reduction works,
;he general auditor, and all consulting engineers.
The Wolverine Mining Co. is planning a prospecting
iampaign in the neighborhood of old abandoned work-
Drifting is also in progress toward the Boras side-lines
with 350 ft. still to go before reaching the fracture be-
tween the Boras and Nighthawk. It is believed that the
Boras orebody extends to this fracture and therefore the
prospects for opening good ore at this point are quite
promising. A good body of ore was recently developed on
the 600-ft. level. Ore is at present being shipped from
the 500, 600, and 650-ft. levels. Mining operations are
being conducted on a conservative basis to the end that
future mining may be conducted as efficiently and profit-
ably as possible.
Jerome. — Claud Ferguson of the Consolidated Arizona
Smelting Co. is now in charge of the Planet mine. He is
opening the old workings and finding favorable orebodies,
preparatory to shipping ore to the smelter. It is rumored
64
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920 >
that the California Southern railroad will join the
Arizona Swansea and will then extend the latter railroad
from Swansea around to the Planet mine. Several en-
gineers have already heen over the route, but no informa-
tion is as yet obtainable as to when construction work
will commence.
The Swansea mine is operating with two shifts at
work in the mine and one shift running the mill, where
it is stated a saving of 99% is being made. Eleven teams
participated in the machine-drilling contest held at
Jerome on the Fourth of July; four from the- United
Verde, four from the Extension, two from the Jerome
Verde, and one from the Jerome Superior. There were
six entries for the hand-drilling competition with double-
jacks.
COLORADO
SHORTAGE OF LABOR IN CRIPPLE CREEK.
Leadville. — Lead-silver ore assaying 38% lead and
from 10 to 20 oz. silver has been opened up on the
Chrysolite lease in a drift extended into virgin ground.
The vein has been followed for 100 ft. and shows no
sign of discontinuance. Two cars, about 60 tons, of zinc-
silver ore were consigned to the A. V. smelter last week
by Harry Schrader of Lake county, operating the Griffin
property in the St. Kelvin district. The ore has an esti-
mated value of $30 per ton, and was mined from a vein
averaging more than two feet wide that was recently
opened in new territory.
High-grade ore averaging $100 per ton is coming from
rich streaks in a fissure vein under development in the
Dinero tunnel in the Sugar Loaf district. Second-grade
ore shipped to the A. V. Smelter brought $40 per ton.
Water is interfering with leasing operations on the
Fanny Rawlins, and in excess of 100 tons of ore already
broken will be delayed in shipment on that account. The
ore contains gold, silver, and copper. Machinery has
been installed and the shaft on the O 'Donovan Rossa has
been re-timbered and made safe to a depth of 523 ft.
The old caved drift at this level has been opened for
200 ft., where work will now be started in expectation of
opening an orebody dipping into the mine from adjacent
workings.
Georgetown. — Many old properties in the George-
town-Empire district are resuming and, while produc-
tion is at present light, development undertaken should
bring more ore to the mills. Th*e Seven Metals company
is overhauling machinery at the Wilcox tunnel at Argen-
tine, and work will be resumed after the holidays. H. M.
Vincent has resumed on the East Argentine group
owned by him and will shortly be shipping from a shoot
of silver ore opened up before the property closed for the
winter. Work is also to be resumed after the holidays
in the Raymond tunnel, impending litigation having
been satisfactorily settled. The Boston group in the Em-
pire district is again active and development has been
resumed by lessees. The Empress tunnel at North Em-
pire is being re-timbered and placed in condition for de-
velopment by the Randolph Gold Mining Company.
Aspen. — An examination has recently been made of
the properties of the Contact Mining Co. and Midnight
Mining Co. in Queen's Gulch and Richmond hill and of
the Fred Anderson group, in the Lake district of the
Taylor river section, by mining engineers representing
Eastern interests. The Fred Anderson group, if the re-
port is favorable, will be purchased by the Cotoba com-
pany, controlled by Kansas City interests, and the Con-
tact-Midnight properties by Pennsylvania investors.
Construction of a mill is planned by the Hunter Park
Mining, Milling & Leasing Co., and with a plant in op-
eration large bodies of low-grade ore under development
will be milled at the mine. The Little Annie mill of the
Richmond Hill M. & M. Co. is to be increased to 50 tons
capacity. Ore is broken in the mine and awaits altera-
tions to the plant.
Cripple Creek. — Exploration on the 9th and 10th
levels of the Rose Nicol mine adjoining the Portland
estate on Battle mountain is being done by the Reva
Gold Mining Co. that holds a long-time lease on the
property. A drift and cross-cut is being carried on each
level and, while the material in the drifts is low-grade,
John Nicholls, the superintendent, expresses confidence
in results. The diamond-drilling in the north-east end of
the district is reported progressing, but beyond the fact
that the drill is gaining depth no information of interest
has been made public.
Sheriff Von Phul has leased the Jefferson mine dump
on Gold hill. The mine, once a heavy producer of rich
ore, has long been idle and the dump has never been
worked over. Labor is scarcer than at any previous
time in the district and, due to the cutting-off of the
electric-car service, difficulty is experienced by miners in
getting to work.
MICHIGAN
SHORTAGE OP COAL STILL THREATENS.
Houghton, — Shortage of coal continues to dominate
the mining situation. Bluntly stated, the Michigan cop-
per mines have not coal enough to supply them for more
than two months. That is the outside forecast. Quincy, .
the third largest of the Lake producers, has been operating
on borrowed coal for a month. On June 23 it announced
that it had a cargo afloat, but that it would have to pay
back the greater portion of it to the Calumet & Hecla, so-
even this cargo does not help Quincy. Copper Range
announces that it has coal on the way, a cargo being
loaded on June 23 at a Lake Erie port. Without this it is
doubtful if the Champion, Baltic, and Trimountain mines
and the Copper Range railroad could continue to operate.
Some of the smaller mines, notably Seneca, Mayflower,
and Arcadian Consolidated, have supplies for two to-
three months.
Metal shipments from the Lake district have been al-
most negligible. Less than 1000 tons has been shipped in
a fortnight by water. Calumet & Hecla is making rail
shipments for foreign account. The company sold last
week about 500,000 lb. to a European customer. It ob-
tained fast delivery to seaboard on the Canadian Pacific-
Julv Id. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
65
I A recent French order, saiil to have 1 n 75.000 tons of
kpper, was not participated in to any great extent by
Michigan mines. In faol foreign orders will not be a
factor in tliis district till Germany begins buying. Hit-
many Formerly took as much as 36.000,00(1 ll>. of Lake
copper per month.
Committees arc making preliminary arrangements for
the entertainment of the American Institute of Mining
and Metallurgical Engineers, which meets in the Lake
Superior district in August. John Knox, underground-
superintendent for the Calumet & Hecla. is chairman of
the Copper Country committee, and with him is associat-
south, and west White Pine is now employing 150 men
and is producing 450 tons per day. This mine is badly
handicapped by lack of lahor. It could double its force
in its present openings. While Michigan showed a pro-
duction increase in May. as compared with April, it is
bady hampered by lahor shortage. Its drifts in the Butler
lode cannot do justice to themselves with the present
working force, which is half below normal. Victoria,
free from coal worry, with its hydraulic-compressor plant
to furnish power for all operations, cannot do itself
justice because of its small force. It is the most isolated
mine in the district and does not attract new men. Mass
THE BUTTE & SUPERIOR MINE
ed the alumni association of the Michigan College of
Mines. Tentatively the program includes trips by auto-
mobile to the principal plants of the district, sessions at
the College of Mines in Houghton, and social entertain-
ment at the clubs and the college. The party comes to
Houghton by boat and leaves by rail for the Michigan
and Minnesota iron-districts.
Mining news centres around the small mines and pros-
pects. The bigger companies are doing nothing in the
way of construction or exploration, with the exception of
the Calumet & Hecla's re-grinding plant for Tamarack
sands, and the Quincy's new hoist at No. 2. The Stanton
mines have abandoned temporarily large plans for metal-
lurgical operations. Mayflower continues extensive ex-
ploratory and development operations with favorable in-
dications appearing in each of the three directions, north.
copper is helping materially in keeping up the Victoria
yield. Seneca continues as a producer from its original
Seneca shaft and at the Gratiot shaft has definitely
identified the Kearsarge lode. For this reason Gratiot
development is being pushed.
MONTANA
NORTH BUTTE COMPANY IS CROSS-CUTTING ON THE 3600-PT.
LEVEL.
Basin. — The Ruby group of claims, which is now being
worked by lessees, is to be developed by driving a cross-
cut tunnel from the mill for a distance of 2500 ft. This
will serve to tap the vein known to exist at the 800-ft.
level. Plans also include modernizing and enlarging the
10-stamp mill now on the property.
Elliston. — The Silver Pick Mining Co. has resumed
66
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
further sinking operations on the Julia claim from the
350 to the 400-ft. level. The present owners have in-
stalled complete up-to-date equipment, which shoul prove
adequate for several years active work. Smelter assays
show 63 oz. silver, 44% eopper, $11 gold, and 10% lead.
Charles Riley is in charge of operations, on which 16
men are being employed.
Butte. — The North Butte Mining Co. reports satis-
factory development oil the 3200 and 3400-ft. levels of
the Speculator mine. The orebody on these levels shows
no diminution either in size or in copper content. On
the 3400-ft. level this orebody averages more than 4%
eopper. Cross-cutting is now being undertaken on the
3600-ft. level in the direction of the orebody. The pro-
duction costs continue to hover around 14c. per pound.
Clark's Fork. — A 16-in. vein of bornite has been un-
covered on the Clagy- Verdun property at a vertical
depth of 30 ft. Work on the property was started only
recently. Owners of the Mike Horse mines, on the North
Fork of the Blackfoot river, report that satisfactory de-
velopment work is in progress. No. 3 tunnel is now 800
ft, long. One vein of milling ore has been out by this
tunnel. No. 1 tunnel exposed a 6-ft. vein of good ore.
In No. 2 orebodies from 6 to 12 ft. wide have been ex-
posed in three stopes. Archie McDonald is resident
manager.
NEVADA
BULLION SHIPMENTS FROM TONOPAH.
Goldfield. — The north drift from the west cross-cut
on the seventh level of the Florence is 220 ft. long and
that to the south is 170 ft. long. These drifts, 726 ft.
from the shaft, are in a vein 20 to 25 ft. wide. They have
been driven on the foot-wall and two raises have been
driven short distances from them. Two cross-cuts have
been started to the hanging wall and it is planned to sink
a winze. The vein is a promising body of quartz and E.
A. Byler, engineer for the company, says the possibilities
have not been exhausted and that work will continue until
at least one winze has been sunk. There are several other
wide veins in the west cross-cut and if the work being
done fails to open ore, as appears probable, these will be
prospected. A short branch from the south-east cross-cut
has connected with the Aurelia lease-shaft after a fight
with caving ground that lasted two months. This con-
nection is for air and the shaft is being cleared. The
cross-cut is being continued from where the branch was
started. The objective, a point under an outcrop, thought
to mark the southern extension of the Jumbo vein, is 300
ft. distant. A small quantity of ore has been sent to the
Development mill from the Cracker Jack lease, but an
important shipment has not been made from the Florence
since April. The Florence management has two objects
in the present work : to prospect veins west of the shaft
and parallel to the main ore-channel, and to search for
the main ore-channel south-east of the shaft. Maps show
this ore-channel to extend through the Consolidated and
Florence at a constant distance from the supposed Colum-
bia Mountain fault, which in the southern part of the
Florence has been thought to turn east into the C. O. D.
The strike of the outcrop, that is the objective of the
south-east cross-cut, indicates a possibility that after
turning east the fault again extends south. This fault
was not recognized in the west cross-cut, but it is sup-
posed to exist from the depth at which the latite is found
east and west of it. Some engineers say this fault, which
has been discussed for many years, does not exist. J. K.
Turner, a Goldfield mining engineer, W. J. Tobin of
Pioneer, and others are preparing to start work on pat-
ented claims owned by them near the Five to One tunnel.
The tunnel, over 125 ft. long, is being advanced three
feet daily. From the 125-ft. point it is lined with 6 by
8-in. timbers and 3 by 8-in. lagging. The present depth
is 235 ft. and in 75 ft. more the greatest depth, over 300
ft., will be reached under the peak of the hill. The tun-
nel will be continued through the hill to determine if
there is a vein. Rich pannings are secured and the work
has attracted attention because success would mean the
opening of ore more than two miles south of the Florence.
Negotiations between the Consolidated and Jupiter com-
panies indicate that the former is to build a plant and re-
treat the mill tailing. The Jupiter owns one-third of the
ground covered by the tailing, which is in places 16 ft.
thick. It was reported several years ago that the tailing
had an average value of $4.10 per ton, but re-treatment in
the mill, to which it was raised by a tramway that was
costly to operate, did not give good results.
Tonopah. — Ore 7 ft. wide and assaying $40 to $50 per
ton has been opened by the Tonopah Extension in the
Murray vein at a depth of 1760 ft., according to unofficial
reports. The first mill clean-up in June was valued at
$49,000. The first clean-up of the Belmont mill in June
gave 76,000 oz. of bullion worth $83,600. The gross pro-
duction during the first quarter was $419,000. The oper-
ating expense was $318,450. The Surf Inlet in British
Columbia, a subsidiary, gave a profit of $100,000.
Divide. — Sinking of the Tonopah Divide shaft from the
800-ft. level has been started and will continue at a rate
of three feet per day until the water-level is reached.
This work, as usual, is being done with an auxiliary hoist.
Battle Mountain. — A carload of 100-oz. silver ore is
being hauled from the Kattenhorn at Maysville for ship-
ment. A number of lessees started work in the Katten-
horn last summer and since then irregular shipments of
rich silver ore have been made. The mine contains many
narrow shoots of high-grade ore, ideal for development
by lessees. It was at one time under option to George
Wingfield.
Arrowhead. — High-grade silver ore continues to be
found in the Arrowhead shaft, now 270 ft. deep. Drifts
will be driven at this depth. Ore 12 in. wide and assaying
200 oz. is exposed. A heavy flow indicates that the per-
manent water-level has been reached. The west drifts on
the 100-ft. level and the intermediate level below continue
to show 4-in. to 1-f t. widths of rich silver-gold ore, with 3
to 4 ft. of low-grade material.
Manhattan. — The ore on the 800-ft. level of the White
Caps can be treated successfully by a process of flotation,
,lulv 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
67
toasting, and cyanidation, according to the result of tests
hade for several months. The work on the sou. ft. level
has been ilone east, of the shaft and after the ore to the
uvst and above the level has been tested it is planned to
add a flotation plant to the present equipment.
IT.VH
MINE-RESCUE AND FIRST-AID TEAMS ARE TRAINING FOR
CONTEST IN" DENVER.
Salt L\ke City. — Eight teams from Utah are expected
to compete for the international championship in the
first aid and mine-rescue contest, to be held at Denver on
September 9, 10. and 11. according to Dr. Arthur L. Mur-
ray, surgeon in charge of mine-rescue car No. 11. sta-
tioned in this city. Several years ago. a team from the
Utah Furl Co. won the world's first prize at San Fran-
cisco. The car of which Dr. Murray is in charge will be
at the disposal of any crews wishing to train for the
championship match during the entire month of August.
The teams, which compete at Denver, will be made up of
five men and a captain. Not more than one first-aid and
one mine-rescue team may enter from any one mine,
smelter, or mill ; members of all teams must be bona fide
employees. There is no limitation as to the number of
teams which may enter from any State or district. The
same team may enter for both mine-rescue and first-aid
work. It is expected that teams from Park City, Eureka,
Bingham, and from the coal mines in Carbon county will
attend the contest.
Assessment of the metalliferous mines in the State, for
"taxation purposes, on the basis of three times the net pro-
ceeds, fell off $29,295,402 in 1919 as compared with 1918,
according to figures compiled by the State Board of
Equalization, or a decrease of practically 50%. The
assessed valuation of every other class of property in the
State was increased, with the exception of water com-
panies, but the increases were not sufficient to offset the
reduction in revenue from the metalliferous mines. The
real estate of metal mines, with the exception of ground
owned for mills or townsite purposes, is assessed at a flat
rate of $5 per acre. During 1918, mining real estate was
assessed at $10,155,058, while during 1919 it was assessed
at $13,596,864. Improvement and machinery at the
mines of the State was assessed at $23,061,317 for 1919,
as against $22,877,982 for 1918.
Boxelder County. — At the property of the Vipont
Silver Mining Co., near the Utah-Idaho line, 90 men are
now employed and shipments of silver concentrate are
being hauled by truck to Oakley, Idaho, 25 miles distant.
East of the Vipont properties, Tony Scoro and others are
driving a tunnel, while to the west the Utah-Idaho Min-
ing Co. is driving a cross-cut in the hope of reaching. the
same orebodies. At Rosette, it is reported that the Old
Century and Suzanne properties will resume operations.
At the property of the Salt Lake Copper Co. three lessees
are now working. Seventeen miles north-east of Wend-
over, three small properties are operating at the south
end of the Silver Island mountains.
\i r i ( Operations at the Cardiff property in Big Cot-
tonwood canyon are being carried on at near capacity,
and shipment of ore from the mine to the bins at South
Fork has been started, the wagon-road now being in good
condition. Fixe trucks are being used for ore-hauling,
and a sixth kept in reserve. Forty men are now em-
ployed at the property, and this number will be increased.
At the annual meeting of the Big Cottonwood Coalition
Mines Co.. the following officers were elected for the en-
suing year: W. G. Roniney, president ; E. J. Jeremy, vice-
president; C. E. Robertson, secretary-treasurer: H. J.
McKean, James A. Stanley, and W. H. Hurd, additional
MAP OF UTAH
directors. A new compressor was recently installed at the
property. During the past year the company purchased
a controlling interest in the Copper King Mining Co.
Robert Gorlinski, mining engineer of Salt Lake City, has
been engaged to make a complete survey of the company's
claims for patent. During the past year the main adit
was extended 926 ft., making the total length 2680 feet.
Park City. — Shipments of ore for the week ending
June 26 totalled 2234 tons, as against 1309 tons for the
previous week. This increase was due to the removal of
the embargo at the Murray smelter, to which most of the
local mines ship their ore. The Silver King Coalition
resumed shipments with the lifting of the embargo; this
company not being permitted to ship any ore the previous
week. The Judge M. & S. Co. shipped 796 tons ; the On-
tario, 718 tons ; Silver King Coalition, 502 tons ; and the
68
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
Daly-West, 228 tons. The Judge smelter shipped 108
tons of premium spelter during the week.
Larry Murphy and Malachi Maloney, miners, were
severely injured in an accident in the Alliance tunnel,
and have heen taken to Salt Lake City for surgical treat-
ment. The men, who were doing repair work, were in-
jured when an empty car, which had been set on a side-
track for their use, was hit by swaying cars of ore on the
main line and tipped over on them. Both men were in-
jured internally, and also sustained fractured arms.
Eureka. — Charles Zabriskie, manager, states that two
drifts are being driven at the property of the Lehi-Tintic
company in the northern part of the district. Owing to
shortage of power, there is but one shift being worked in
each heading. The drift which is following the north-
south break is reported to be in a promising formation.
The other drift, which is being driven for the purpose of
cutting the Gold Blossom vein, is passing through a hard
formation, and no change is expected for the time being.
At the Copper Leaf property, in the eastern part of the
district, but one drift, on the 1000-ft. level, is now being
driven ; work on the 1200-ft. level having been suspended
for the time being. Officials of the company feel con-
fident that as soon as the lime formation is reached the
drift should enter more promising ground.
After sinking the Central Standard shaft to a depth
of 490 ft., the work has been temporarily suspended in
order that a reservoir may be cut on the 400-ft. level.
This reservoir is needed to take care of water which was
developed during the first 200 ft. of sinking ; the reservoir
which was cut in the porphyry formation not being satis-
factory. John W. Taylor, manager, states that sinking
of the shaft will be resumed shortly, and with the water
properly taken care of, better headway will be made.
The first 400 ft. was in porphyry formation, then about
40 ft. of shale was passed, while the last 50 ft. has been in
decomposed lime, which carries iron.
Walter Fitch Jr., mine contractor of this district, has
returned from Pennsylvania, where he has had an im-
portant contract in driving tunnels. Mr. Fitch brought
with him a number of experienced tunneling men who
will be employed in various pieces of work now under his
direction in Utah and Nevada. Cecil Fitch, manager,
states that a drift is advancing at a depth of 1750 ft. in
the Plutus company's property. It is estimated that 200
ft. of drifting will be required to cut an important system
of faulting, and officials of the company consider this the
most promising piece of development that has been taken
up in the Plutus ground. It is being done through the
Chief Consolidated shaft. About a year ago, ore was en-
countered in the Plutus at a depth of 1000 ft., and since
that time a winze has been sunk 750 ft., while consider-
able prospecting was also done on the 1400-ft. level.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROSSLAND MINES ARE TO BE RE-OPENED ACCORDING TO
REPORTS.
New Denver. — After much steady development, a sub-
stantial body of zinc-blende and galena ore has been cut
by a raise between No. 4 and No. 6 levels at the Bosun
mine. This mine is being operated by the Surprise-Rose-
bery Mining Co., which owns also the Surprise mine, near
Cody, and the Ivanhoe, near Sandon. The company has-
moved its offices to New Denver. Except for a few miners,
who are working on contract, the Standard mine, at Sil-
verton, is being operated entirely by four groups of
lessees, all of whom are doing well. Some unusually rich
silver ore is being taken from the mine. Bodies of zinc-
blende containing freibergite, granular chalcopyrite, and
occasional films of ruby silver have been found closely
associated with the lenses and dikes of porphyry, which
have intruded into the zone between the vein walls. The
lessees are in communication with several smelting com-
panies with the object of trying to get more satisfactory
treatment-terms for this class of high-grade silver ore.
Considerable adverse feeling has, been aroused locally
against the Silversmith Mines, Ltd., for its capitulation
to the 'One Big Union'. The general opinion is that the
members of this organization, who have done nothing for
the workers and have been a considerable source of an-
noyance to the mine-owners, should be run out of the
camp. The other mines in the district, while running an
'open shop', favor the International Mine Workers
Union. When the O. B. U. called a strike many miners
left the camp, and now are working at other camps, some
at less than the Slocan scale of wages.
Nelson. — The Granite Poorman mine has been taken
under lease and bond from the Vincent Development Co.,
of Walla Walla, Washington, by a recently organized
syndicate. The Vincent company has had the property
under option for some time, but concentrated its energies
at the Eureka mine, where it did considerable under-
ground development. It constructed a tramway, too, I
from the Eureka to the Granite-Poorman mill, and re-
constructed the mill and added a flotation plant. The
new syndicate will reap the advantage of all this work.
Alice Arm. — The McLennan Silver Mines, Ltd., which
recently acquired the Royal group, adjoining the Dolly
Varden property on the west, has traced a vein for 400
ft. on the surface, which is believed to be an extension of
the No. 4 Dolly Varden vein. The vein is 12 ft. wide, and
samples taken from it have run up to 320 oz. silver per
ton. A tunnel has been started on the vein, 600 ft. below
the summit of the hog's back. A semi-Diesel compressor
is being put in place at the North Star mine. The Dolly
Varden is running at least one train per day and some-
times two. Each train carries about 90 tons of ore. The
United Metals Co., Ltd., in the Alliance River district, has
20 pack-horses taking supplies into the mine and bring-
ing ore to Alice Arm. Unless labor troubles break out
afresh, there is every promise of a successful season in
this district.
Hazelton. — The Kitselas Mountain Copper Co.'s con-
centrator at Usk has been in operation since early in
June. It is giving satisfactory results. A considerable
quantity of ore is being treated and development is in
progress at the mine. The ore carries gold, silver, and
copper.
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
69
The Silver Standard mine has been shipping steadily
this year and important development also is in progress.
A new tunnel is being driven which has reached two veins
mill will continue until it cross-cuts the main lode. Trans-
portation to the concentrator is furnished by a large
motor-truck. It is used both summer and winter. Travel-
ing in the winter is good after the snow becomes hard-
ened, wires being wound about the truck wheels to ensure
traction. Considerable high-grade ore is being shipped
direct to the Trail smelter. Although the property is
very promising it is yet in the development stage.
Barkerville. — Placer miners are preparing for the
season's work in the Cariboo district. John D. Galloway,
prosperity, which momentarily passed when the mines of
the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. were practically
closed down, would return is about to be justified. The
company's mines, it is stated, are to be put on a producing
basis very soon, it being expected that shipments will be
resumed early in July. The ore-bunkers have been re-
paired ; ore from the Mandy mine, Manitoba, which the
management likes to handle with the Rossland mineral, is
being received. There is still some question as to labor.
If the men are available there is no doubt that the mines
will be operated without delay and that Rossland once
more will be active.
Trail. — Ore-receipts at the Trail smelter of the Con-
UNLOADING MACHINERY AT THE BRITANNIA WHARF, B. C.
government mining engineer, recently made a trip
through a part of the section and, while it is impossible
as yet to estimate the extent of the hydraulic mining to
be undertaken, the prospect is good. Owing to the un-
usually late spring and the heavy fall of snow there
should be a plentiful supply of water and late-fall opera-
tions appear assured. The old channel on Grouse creek,
where the gravel is reported to be good, will be piped by
the Waverly, and there will be operations at Lowhee and
Stout's gulch. Generally it is expected that most of the
old companies will be on their ground again and that
some new leases will be worked. Notwithstanding lack
of labor and high costs it looks as though the old Cariboo
would see more placer mining, both hydraulic and indi-
vidual, than it has for some years and that the gold out-
| put will increase.
Rossland. — The faith of the old-time residents of Ross-
land, one of the oldest mining towns of the Province, that
solidated Mining & Smelting Co. for the week ending
June 14 totaled 6913 tons. For the week ending June 21
there was received 6742 tons. Two new shippers appear-
ed in the latter list, namely, the old Whitewater mine, of
Slocan, and the Sunnyside, Rock creek. The total ore
receipts at the smelter for the year up to date are 135,068
tons.
Princeton. — "W. P. Tierney, the contractor in charge
of the construction of a railroad to connect the Copper
Mountain mine of the Canada Copper Co. and the Kettle
Valley railway, has stated that rails will be laid within
30 days. This 15-mile stretch of steel probably represents
the hardest and roughest piece of construction under-
taken in western Canada in recent years. The only work
comparable to it is the road to the Dolly Varden mine.
The contractor states that the cost totals $1,500,000. He
describes it as having been heavy rockwork, bridges, and
trestles all the way.
70
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
ONTARIO
SUPREME COL'RT HANDS DOWN DECISION IN UNION NATIONAL
GAS SUIT.
Toronto. — An important point in regard to the taxa-
tion by municipalities of oil and gas wells has been set-
tled by a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, in the
ease of the Union National Gas Co. v. the Township of
Dover. The company appealed against the assessment by
the Township of the income from two producing oil-gas
wells at $62,376, being the amount of the returns for the
year, less operating costs. The company claimed the
right to deduct from the income, in addition to operating
expenses, a deficit for the preceding year, and expenses
for dry holes or unproductive wells, and rentals paid
for oil and gas leases. The case was appealed from one
tribunal to another, the original assessment being con-
finned at every step, and the decision is again upheld by
the Supreme Court of Canada, holding that the company
could not make any deductions except for operating ex-
penses.
Kirkland Lake. — The Lake Shore produced $41,187
during May from the treatment of 1636 tons of ore with
an average recovery of $25.18 per ton. Most of the ore
now being milled comes from development work, but little
being taken from the large orebodies blocked out. The
management has decided to sink the shaft to the 800-ft.
level At the Harvey Kirkland two more veins have been
uncovered. Stripping is actively in progress. A survey
party is at work on the line of the Canadian Light Rail-
ways Ltd., which will run from Swastika through the
producing area of Kirkland Lake and the new properties
in Lebel township to the Larder Lake district.
Gowganda. — Additional rich discoveries are reported
on the Castle property of the Trethewey. The vein re-
cently cut on the shore of the lake has been traced over
the brow of the hill and close to the first shaft. A shaft
is being sunk on it and at a depth of 20 ft. the vein is
producing ore of excellent grade. A new vein has been
found running directly under the office building.' Four
shipments in all have been made since operations were
started and the company has a large supply of high-grade
ore sacked ready for shipment.
Beaver House Lake. — The management of the Argo-
naut has decided to sink to a depth of 500 ft. A 12-drill
compressor and high-speed electric hoist have been in-
stalled and plans for the construction of a large mill in
the fall are being considered.
Cobalt. — A decision has been handed down by the
Supreme Court of Ontario in the dispute between the
O'Brien and the La Rose companies, having to do with
the correct location of the boundary between the O'Brien
mine and the Violet property of the La Rose. The
O'Brien is declared to be entitled to possession of all the
territory lying west of a direct line running from No. 4
post of the Colonial mine to the Shaw, thence to the
Earle property. The La Rose is enjoined from trespass-
ing beyond that line and damages are awarded. Cyril
W. Knight, assistant provincial geologist, has commenced
the work of making a re-survey of the geology of the
Cobalt silver area. It is estimated that the Bureau of
Mines will have the field-work completed by late fall.
Silver production from Cobalt during the first half of
1920 amounted to approximately $5,400,000, according
to preliminary estimates. Cobalt metallics and cobalt
oxides marketed as a by-product brought the total value
up to about $5,750,000. The decline as compared with a
year ago amounts to about $1,000,000.
The Victory Silver Mines has increased its capital from
500,000 shares of the par value of $1 each, to 2,000,000
shares of similar par value. Plans are being made to
commence mining operations. The Nipissing Mining Co.
will disburse a 5% dividend, amounting to $300,000, on
July 20. Total dividends from the Nipissing during 1920
amount to $1,200,000, while the aggregate since 1906
amounts to $21,540,000. The company has 1,200,000
issued shares, distributed among 13,000 shareholders.
Liquid assets, consisting of Canadian and United States
war bonds, as well as cash, ore in transit, etc., amounts to
slightly over $5,000,000. Production continues at the
rate of well over $4,000,000 per year. A movement is
under way with the object in view to induce the govern-
ment of Ontario to set aside ten townships in Northern
Ontario, the timber from which to be sold by tender and
the proceeds to go toward the construction of a macadam
road from North Bay to Cochrane, with branches to
Porcupine and to Iroquois Falls, covering a total dis-
tance of about 300 miles at an estimated cost of $3,000,-
000. This would connect the mining, lumbering, and
agricultural districts of Temiskaming with Southern
Ontario.
YUKON TERRITORY
DREDGING OPERATIONS COMMENCE.
White Horse. — The North West Corporation has
assembled its dredge on Claim 20, Dominion creek. The
dredge was hauled from the upper Hunker river during
the winter. The corporation has secured a second dredge
which will be worked on lower Dominion creek, near
Grenville. The Yukon Gold Co. has a dredge working on
Gold Run and another on the lower Hunker. Three of
the company's dredges are still idle. The White Pass
boat 'Reliance' has loaded 800 tons of ore on the Kan-
tishna river from the Tom Aitkin mine, for smelters in
the South. The Tukon Silver Lead Mining Co. has ship-
ped 30 tons of high-grade silver ore from Lookout Moun-
tain, in the Mayo district. The Dominion government
will erect a radio station at Maj-o during this summer, so
that the camp may not be so cut off during the long
winters. The mail of June 1 — the first in six weeks from
the Mayo camp — brought 120 applications for mining
claims from that district. The greatest prospecting activ-
ity was at Keno Hill and Lookout Mountain. Dr. Cock-
field who is in charge of the Geological Survey field-work
in this district, has arrived at White Horse. He is ac-
companied by T. F. Armstrong, W. G. Cuttle, C. A.
Merritt, and A. E. Pattison. The party will outfit at
Dawson and then take the field.
.July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
71
THE
■■'\?J^~~ " ' ?yV?. • ""vv^'"-'--- ■■,--■:...■■>.-'
COURT GIVES MIXER JUDGMENT FOK $500,000
The United States Circuit Court of Appeals has awarded
John Tuppola possession of Alaskan mining claims valued
at more than $500,000, property that heretofore had been
claimed by the Chichagoff Mining Co. Tuppola, in 1914,
became joint owner with the Chichagoff company of four
valuable claims near Sitka. In order to gain complete pos-
session, avers Tuppola, the mining company brought suit
against him, charging insanity, had Tuppola tried and sen-
tenced to an asylum. Later the claims were sold by a
guardian for $1000. Subsequently Tuppola brought suit in
the Alaska court and was defeated. His victory yesterday
gives him possession of two claims and one-half interest in
the claims held by the Chichagoff company. An accounting
of all profits since 1914 also is ordered to be made to Tup-
pola.
ALASKA
Anchorage. — Good reports come from the Willow Creek
district on the government railroad less than 50 miles from
here. Willow Creek promises to become one of the heavy
gold producers of the Territory.
Juneau. — The Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining Co. has
taken a bond on twelve quartz claims on Nixon Fork on
the Kuskokwim and is now busy prospecting the property.
The Independent Mining Co. reports the discovery of a
rich orebody six feet wide at the end of a 109-ft. tunnel on
its property at Windham Bay. A contract for driving a
tunnel 1000 ft. long has been let by the Admiralty Alaska
Mining Co. which is operating at Funter Bay. The
Alaska Endicott Mining & Milling Co. has resumed opera-
tions at William Henry Bay where water-power is being
developed for a saw-mill preparatory to the erection of a
stamp-mill.
A syndicate has been formed at Juneau for the purpose of
developing the Red Top group of claims on Bear Creek in
the Portland Canal district. All the larger quartz mines of
Alaska are operating full crews, and pre-war production has
been resumed by the Alaska Treadwell, Alaska Juneau,
Alaska Gastineau, Chichagoff, Kennecott, and Latouche com-
panies.
Nome. — Regardless of almost prohibitive transportation
costs, increased and renewed activity in placer mining is re-
ported and no less than twenty big outfits are operating
within fifteen miles of here. Extensive prospecting for oil
is also reported.
Valdez. — The Columbia Red Metal Co. has resumed oper-
ations at Columbia Glacier near Valdez and is employing 50
men. A railroad carries ore from the mine to where it is
loaded on steamers for shipment to an outside smelter.
The Valdez Gold Mining Co. has resumed operations and is
assembling supplies and equipment necessary for driving a
new tunnel.
ARIZONA
Jerome. — Smelter chemists have been taking samples of
air. around the reduction works at Clarkdale and Clemenceau
for careful analysis of the foreign gases contained. This has
followed an investigation by State bee experts, who have
found a sickly condition prevalent among the bee colonies
of the Verde valley, with the total loss of many hives. The
bee owners claim the trouble lies entirely with the smelter
fumes. There is local belief that the great orebodies of
the camp are pitching toward Mexico under the Don Luis
section, where exploration is finding new orebodies at com-
paratively shallow depth, though there is no expectation of
striking continuations of the Bisbee lenses short of 2000 ft.
The Boras mine has developed into a strong shipper and the
adjoining Nighthawk is shipping about twenty carloads per
month of 6}% ore from the 500, 600, and 650-ft. levels. A
cross-cut now is being run on a new level at 750 feet.
Miami. — By cutting its dividend from $6 to $4 per annum
the Inspiration Copper Co. has eliminated the necessity of
drawing further from surplus. Present earnings cover divi-
dends at the new rate of $1 quarterly. The reduction will
save $2,363,934 in dividend outgo. Last year a deficit of
$2,905,174 resulted after paying the full year's dividends.
Under the existing curtailment policy Inspiration's produc-
tion costs have remained relatively high, the average being
close to the 1919 figure of 13ic. per pound. Market condi-
tions show no signs of material improvement in the near
future and until the company's overhead can be apportioned
over a greater production this cost cannot be materially
reduced.
IDAHO
Coeur d'Alene. — The Caledonia Mining Co. will disburse
a dividend of $26,050 on July 5. This is at the rate of one
cent per share. Quarterly payments hereafter will be at this
rate. The Bear Creek Mining Co. has shipped ore, its
first carload of concentrate containing 61% lead and six
ounces silver per ton. Shipments will be made at the rate
of one carload per week.
Hailey. — The Silver Triumph Mining Co. has found a body
of ore 6 to 15 ft. wide. One to two feet is galena rich in
silver. The first samples assayed $140 in silver and lead.
The ore was disclosed in clearing an old cave, and has been
found to a height of 70 ft. above the upper tunnel and its
dip indicates that it can be found in a raise of 200 ft. from
the main tunnel. Three parallel veins lie in a zone 100 ft.
wide.
NEVADA
Pioneer. — The new winze on the 200-ft. level south of the
main shaft of the Mayflower has cut a full face of mill ore,
with a streak of high-grade in the hanging wall. Drifting
for the Starlight vein is proceeding and is expected to reach
.the objective within 400 ft. W. J. Tobin, president, has
gone to Denver to complete further financing of the corpora-
tion.
Winnemucca. — Unwatering of the Nevada Harmony, six
miles east of Winnemucca, has been completed and mining
resumed. With the present pumping outfit the manage-
ment expects to keep the mine clear by pumping five hours
per day. G. R. Williams is superintendent.
MEXICO
Pachuca. — The El Bordo shaft of the Compania de Santa
Gertrudis, Mexico, which was partly destroyed by fire, has
now been wholly repaired and the mine is producing about
600 tons per day. The Santa Gertrudis company is enlarg-
ing its mill from a capacity of 40,000 tons per month to ap-
proximately 60,000 tons.
72
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920
[PERSONAL
The Editor invites members of the profession to send particulars oi then
work and appointments. The information is interesting to our readers.
W. H. Shockley has been examining a mine at Auburn,
California.
J. C. Pickering has opened an office as consulting mining
engineer at Mexico City.
George A. Packard, ot Boston, was in San Francisco last
week, on his way to the Mother Lode.
E. F. Orr has resigned as superintendent for the Simon
Silver Lead Mines Co., at Mina, Nevada.
Glenn L. Allen, mill superintendent for the Shattuck-
Arizona Copper Co., is in San Francisco.
Roy Hatch, superintendent of the Alaska Gold Mines Co.'s
mill at Juneau, Alaska, is at Salt Lake City.
A. E. Chodzko has closed his office in San Francisco, and
is now at 1674 Long Beach avenue, Los Angeles.
Charles A. Mitke has spent a few weeks at Morenci on
professional business for the Arizona Copper Co.
Rndolf Gahl, of Denver, is now with the Cerro de Pasco
Copper Corporation, at 15 Broad Street, New York.
F. B. Kirkbride has been elected president of the S. K. F.
Industries, to take the place of B. G. Prytz, who resigned.
John E. Bergh, of Salt Lake City, has gone to Chesaw,
Washington, to start development on a gold prospect in that
district.
Henry H. Holden, of San Diego, California, has been in
the Payson district, Arizona, examining the properties of the
Atlantis Mining Co.
Charles K. Barnes has been appointed to succeed Morris
P. Kirk as general manager for the Yellow Pine Mining Co.
at Good Springs, Nevada.
Solon Spiro,. president of the Silver King Con. M. Co., at
Park City, Utah, recently underwent a second operation in
New York. He is reported as improving.
H. C. Plummer, formerly assistant superintendent of
mines for the Cananea Con. Copper Co., has accepted the
position of general superintendent for the Arizona Com-
mercial Mining Co., at Globe.
Walter Lyman Brown, Director in Europe for the Ameri-
can Relief Association, arrived in New York on June 26 and
will return to London immediately after planning winter
relief operations with Mr. Hoover.
Albert Burch has resigned as manager for the Simon
Silver Lead Mines Co., the Simon Sterling Mines Co., and the
Simon Contact Mines Co., and, temporarily at least, is not
acting as consulting engineer for any of these companies.
Oscar H. Hershey and Lloyd C. White will continue to act in
a consulting capacity.
Utah, engaging in mining at Mercur, and in 1887 first be-
came interested at Bingham, in property which later formed
part of the Utah Copper Co. After selling the Brickyard
mine at Mercur at a profit of $60,000, he developed the
Yampa mine at Bingham, which property he later sold to
Moore & Schley for $150,000, as against a cost to himself
of $40,000. He held to his faith in the copper-bearing
porphyry of Bingham, and in 1895, Capt. J. R. DeLamar
secured an interest in the property, and in December 1902,
D. C. Jackling succeeded in getting the present officials of
the Utah Copper Co. interested in the project. In January
1903, Col. Wall sold a half interest in the property to C. M.
MacNeill, Spencer Penrose, and R. A. F. Penrose, for which
he is said to have received $420,000 and a 20% interest in
Obituary
Col. Enos Andrew Wall, one of the most prominent pioneer
mining men of the West, died at his home in Salt Lake City
on June 29. Death was due to a cancerous growth and came
after a long illness. Col. Wall was born at Richmond,
Indiana, June 21, 1839, the son of pioneers from North
Carolina. After a common-school education, he came West
in 1860, settling in Colorado. There he became interested
in mining, and in 18 63 went to Montana, where he continued
his search for gold, but combined his activities as a miner
with those of freighter and trader. In 1868 he went to
Utah, remaining there for 14 years, after which he removed
to Idaho, where he became superintendent for the Wood
River Gold & Silver Mining Co. While in Idaho, he was
elected to the upper house of the territorial legislature and
served as president ot that body. In 1885 he returned to
Col. Enos A. Wall
the stocks and bonds of the new company. In 1906 Col.
Wall started injunction proceedings against the Utah Copper
Co. when it was proposed to increase the capital stock to
$6,000,000 and to issue $3,000,000 worth of convertible
bonds, with the disposal of 51% of the stock to the Guggen-
heim interests. A restraining order was issued in this case,
but later withdrawn. This was the beginning of a series of
bitter legal battles between Col. Wall and the Utah Copper
Co. over surface rights at Bingham. At the time of his
death, Col. Wall owned approximately two-thirds of the out-
standing shares of the Daly-West Mining Co. at Park City.
On March 7, 1879, he married Miss Mary Mayer of Salt Lake
City; this union being blessed with nine children, five of
whom are living. Up to the time of his death, Col. Wall
maintained an active interest in mining and Utah financial
affairs, and was one of the wealthiest men in the State. He
established and endowed the Wall Fellowship in Metallurgy
at the Utah School of Mines at Salt Lake City. He was a
man of great ability and enterprise, and kept abreast of the
times in all the essentials and mining and metallurgy.
July 10, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
73
THE META
ARRET
METAL PRICES
San Francisco. Jvily
Aluminum-dust, cents per pound 65
Antiraouy. cents per pound 9.00
Copper, electrolytic, cents per pound 18175
Lead, pig, cents per pound 8.25 — 9.25
Platinum, pure, per ounce $85
Platinum. 10% iridium, per ounce $118
Quicksilver, per flask of 75 lb S00
Spelter, cents per pound 9.50
Zinc-dust, cents per pound 12.50 — 15.00
EASTERN METAL MARKET
(By wire from New York)
July 5. — Copper is inactive but steady. Lead is quiet and firm. Zinc is
dull but stronger.
SILVER
Below are given official or ticker quotations, in cents per ounce of silver
999 fine. From April 23, 1918, the United States government paid $1 per
ounce for all silver purchased by it. fixing a maximum of $1.01% on
August 15, 1918, and will continue to pay $1 until the quantity specified
under the Act is purchased, probably extending over several years. On
Kay 5, 1919, all restrictions on the metal were removed, resulting in
fluctuations. During the restricted period, the British government fixed the
maximum price fire times, the last being on March 25, 1919, on account of
the low rate of sterling exchange, but removed all restrictions on May 10.
The equivalent of dollar silver (1000 fine) in British currency is 46.65
pence per ounce (925 fine) calculated at the normal rate of exchange.
Date
June
New York
cents
29 89.00
30 91.00
1 90.50
2 89.75
3 89.62
4 Sunday
5 Holiday
London
pence
52.50
52.00
Holiday
51.12
51.12
Jan.
1918
. . 88.72
Feb 85.79
Mch 88.11
Apr 95.35
May 99.50
June 99.50
1919
101.12
101.12
101.12
101.12
107.23
110.50
July
Monthly averages
1920
Average week ending
Cents
24 100.12
31 101.17
7 98.23
14 86.00
21 87.07
28 91.41
5 89.97
Pence
58,52
68.87
56.62
48.02
48.73
51.69
51.68
132.77
131.27
126.70
119.56
102.69
90.84
1918
July 99.62
Aug 100.31
Sept 101.12
Oct 101.12
Nov 101.12
Dec 101.12
1919
106.36
111.35
113.92
119.10
127.57
131.92
Prices of electrolytic in New York, in cents' per pound.
Date
June
29 19.00
30 19.00
1 19.00
2 19.00
3 19.00
4 Sunday
5 Holiday
Average week ending
May 24
31
June 7
14
21
28
July 5
Monthly averages
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
Jan.
Feb.
1918
..23.50
23.50
Mch 23.60
Apr 23.50
May 23.50
June 23.50
1919
20.43
17.34
15.05
15.23
15.91
17.53
1920
19.25
19.05
18.49
19.23
19.05
19.00
1918
July 26.00
Aug 26.00
Sept 26.00
Oct 26.00
Nov 26.00
Dec 26.00
1919
20.82
22.61
22.10
21.66
20.45
18.55
LEAD
Lead is quoted in cents per pound. New York delivery.
Date
June
Jan.
Teb.
Mch.
IS Apr -
May
I June
4 Sunday
5 Holiday
1918
, 6.85
. 7.07
. 7.26
, 6.99
. 6.88
7.59
£.25
8.30
8.40
8.50
8.50
1919
5.60
6.13
6.24
6.06
5.04
5.32
July
Monthly averages
1920
Average week ending
24
31
7
14 ,
21
28
5
8.50
8.50
8.68
8.75
8.21
8.15
8.39
8.66
8.88
9.22
8.78
8.55
8.43
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1918
8.03
8.05
8.06
8.05
8.05
6.90
TIN
Prices in New York, in cents per pound.
Monthly averages
1919 1920 1918
71.60 62.74 July 93.00
72.44 69.87 Aug 91.33
72.60 61.92 Sept 80.40
72.60 62.12 Oct 78.82
72.60 64.99 Nov 73.67
71.83 48.33 Dec 71.52
1918
Jan 85.13
Feb 85.00
Mch 86.00
Apr 88.53
May 100.01
June ..... 91.00
1919
5.53
5.78
6.02
6.40
6.76
7.12
1919
70.11
62.20
55.79
54.82
54.17
64.94
ZINC
Zinc is quoted as spelter, standard Western brands. New York delivery,
in cents per pound.
Date
29
30
1
8
4
5
May
June
July
average
July
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Average week ending
24
7.96
7.95
8.05
. 7.92
July
8.02
8.00
• •
Sunday
Holiday
1918
1919
7.44
6.71
6.53
6.49
6.43
6.91
8.15
Monthly
1920
9.66
9.15
8.93
8.76
8.07
7.92
7.79
"
28..
7.85
8.04
s
1918 1919
8.72 7.78
8.78 7.81
9.58 7.57
9.11 7.82
8.75 8.12
. 8.49 8.69
1920
Feb.
Mch.
Apr.
May
June
.. 7.92
QUICKSILVER
The primary market for quicksilver is San Francisco, California being 1
the largest producer. The price is fixed in the open market, according' to
quantity. Prices, in dollars per flask of 75 pounds.
Date I June 22 85.00
June 8 90.00 " 29 85.00
15 85.00 I July 6 90.00
Monthly averages
1918
Jan 128.06
Feb 118.00
Mch 112.00
Apr 115.00
May 110.00
June 112.00
1919
103.75
90.00
72.80
73.12
84.80
94.40
1920
89.00
81.00
87.00
100.00
87.00
85.00
1918
July 120.00
Aug 120.00
Sept 120.00
Oct 120.00
Not 120.00
Dec 115.00
1919
100.00
103.00
102.60
86.00
78.00
95.00
1920
THE SHIPPING BELL
J. W. Powell, directing- head of the Bethlehem Ship Building Corporation.
Ltd., characterizes the Jones merchant marine bill as a highly constructive
piece of legislation, He says:
"There has been a marked dropping-off of ship orders during 1 the last
six months, and a discreet carrying' out of the spirit of its provisions should
mean more contracts. The bill grants greater authority to the Shipping
Board and permits it to put into effect various policies heretofore held in
abeyance. Among these are a new sales program for the 10,000,000 gTOss
tons of war-built, government-owned shipping. The Board is enabled to
sell it at virtually whatever price it decides upon, with the proviso, how-
ever, that all ships, save those not needed for our own commerce, must be
sold to American men or corporations.
"For ten years, owners of American shipping can deduct from their in-
,come-tax return, the net earnings of Bhips engaged in overseas trade, pro-
vided that the amount of exemption be applied, with an added amount to
be decided upon by the Board, to new tonnage in American yards. New
government construction of merchant ships is to cease, and an annual fund,
for five years, of $25,000,000 is to be created through the sale of vessels
by the Board, with which to provide loans to individuals or private cor-
porations engaged in shipbuilding for the postal service and the naval re-
serve. The postal authorities and Shipping Board are authorized to assist
with adequate postal compensation to uphold such of our American trans-
Atlantic companies which best serve the interests of American commerce.
Marine insurance companies can amalgamate without fear of anti-trust
laws. Bankers can do likewise for the creation of ship mortgag-es. To
American Bhips is reserved the right of conveyance of all exports or im-
ports which are granted preferential rates by American railroads.*'
THE MONEY MARKET
Increased discount rates can hardly be expected to do more than check
further borrowing, according to the National Bank of Commerce, until the
railroad situation improves so as to permit prompt liquidation of commercial
and agricultural credits. In its money market discussion in the July num-
ber of its magazine. 'Commerce Monthly', the bank declares that the present
partial breakdown of transportation, by interfering with the movement of
products, has prevented the liquidation of a tremendous volume of credits
such as is normally effected at this season of the year.
"During the period from May 16 to June 15. the money market has ex-
perienced continued tension which, largely as a consequence of the traffic
situation, had become pronounced during the preceding- month. The strain
on credit facilities has been reflected in a further general advance in money
rates. While some improvement of the traffic situation, mainly potential
rather than actual, has been accomplished, it has not proceeded sufficiently
to release and considerable part of the credit which had been locked up,
and traffic conditions can be expected to improve only slowly. Meanwhile
the credit requirements of a new crop movement will become pressing in
the not distant future.
"Until the railroad situation improves sufficiently to afford an adequate
physical basis for the prompt liquidation of commercial and agricultural
credits, the increased discount rates of many of the Federal Reserve banks
can hardly be expected to do more than check further borrowing-; there-
after, they should be a strong influence in effecting a curtailment of out-
standing credit, in preparation for the heavy requirements of autumn."
MONET AND EXCHANGE
Foreign quotations on July 6 are as follows:
Sterling, dollars: Cable 3.94%
Demand 3.95 y 3
Francs, cents : Cable 8.70
Demand 8.71
Lire, cents : Demand 6.25
Marks, cents 2.70
;
74
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 10, 1920 ;
Eastern Metal Market
New York June 30.
The markets are inactive or only moderately active, de-
pending on the metal. The vacation season is also having
its effect.
Demand for copper is a little better and prices are fairly
firm.
The tin market is quiet hut moderately strong.
There is but little demand for lead but prices are very
firm.
The market for zinc is lifeless. Prices are steady, how-
ever.
Antimony is quiet and steady.
IROX AXD STEEL
After two days conference at Columbus, Ohio, the pros-
pects Tuesday night were that a shut-down of union sheet
and tin-plate mills on June 3 would be averted, says 'The
Iron Age'. Amalgamated Association officers notified the
various lodges to continue at work pending further negotia-
tions, and it was expected that an agreement would be
reached Wednesday. The sheet and tin-plate mills of the
United States Steel Corporation, in which the open-shop
policy prevails, are not affected by the Columbus negotia-
tions.
The week has brought the steel-trade no relief from the
distractions of its railroad entanglements. Operations con-
tinue at a fairly high rate, but with further additions to the
unshipped stocks of finished product. Failure of coke sup-
ply has stopped a number of blast-furnaces, and in eastern
Pennsylvania six have been thrown idle on this account or
for repairs, and in the Chicago district, two.
Four inquiries from Western roads amount to 4750 cars,
which will take 38,000 tons of plates, shapes, and bars.
Eighty locomotives also will be ordered by two Chicago
roads. The week's buying of cars by iron and steel and coal
and coke companies has brought the total of such cars
placed in June to about 6000.
COPPER
Sentiment may be pronounced a little better. This is
probably due to improved demand for forward delivery,
particularly last quarter. Sales of electrolytic have been
made at the full price of 19c, New York, for delivery in, and
through, the last quarter as well as for earlier positions, but
demand is not heavy. There is also a heavier inquiry from
foreign sources, England and the Continent, and substantial
sales have resulted. Aside from these features basic con-
ditions are unchanged, the industry being still more or less
hampered by railroad and other troubles. The quotation
of leading producers is firm at 19c, New York, for third
quarter for both Lake and electrolytic copper. In the out-
side market varying quotations are obtainable as low as
18.25c, New York, for early delivery, but it is not believed
that large quantities are involved. Exports of copper are
on the increase, having been 39,415 tons in May. It is be-
lieved that for the first six months they will average 30,000
tons per month. In 1919 they were less than 1900 tons per
month:
TIN
The market has been an uninteresting one with no pro-
nounced tendency. For the greater part of the past week
it has been dull with consumers manifesting little desire to
buy. Most of the transactions have been among dealers.
About 300 tons was sold last week up to Saturday on the
New York Metal Exchange, 2 00 tons of this on Friday. It
was all for future shipment in various positions at prices
ranging from 45.75c. on Friday to 49.50c last week Wednes-
day. At the close of the week sellers were shy when demand
was fairly good with 46.25c paid on Friday and 47c on
Saturday. On both these days there were more buyers than
sellers. This situation was also true early this week when |
46.75c was bid and 47c asked for futures and 48.75c bid
and 49c asked for spot. This bulge in spot tin over the
future price is explained as probably due to a covering of
short contracts for June delivery; when this is over, it is
expected that the two prices will be more nearly on a level.
Spot Straits yesterday was quoted in New York at 4S.50c.
per lb. and at £260 per ton in London. A week ago the
London price was £270. Arrivals to date this month have
been 3280 tons with 4195 tons afloat. Spot Straits con-
tinues scarce.
LEAD
The market is quiet but firm and featureless. It appears
that consumers and buyers are comfortably supplied for'
their nearby needs and perhaps further ahead and hence;
manifest no interest in buying. Producers are believed to
be catching up in production of the metal only slowly and
hence are not pressing sales. As a result the market is stale
and drifting. The leading interest's quotation is unchanged]
at 7.75c, St. Louis, or Sc, New York, for early delivery.]
That of the outside market is Sc, St. Louis, or 8.25c, New'
York.
ZINC
The market continues inactive and devoid of features. If
anything, however, it is a little firmer than a week ago.
Demand is still confined to intermittent orders which pro-
ducers are filling at prevailing quotations. Prime Western
for delivery in the third quarter is quoted at 7.5 5c, St
Louis, or 7.90c, New York.
ANTIMOXY
This market is quiet with wholesale lots for early delivery
quoted at 7.50 to 7.75c, New York, duty paid, depending on
the grade.
ALUMINUM
Quotations for wholesale lots for early delivery are un-
changed at 3 3c, New York, by the leading producer, with
31.50c asked by other sellers.
ORES
Tungsten: In the absence of any domestic buying, ever,
at lowered prices, it is reported that sales have been made!
for export at $5.75 per unit. Some interest is awakenec
by these sales as well as considerable speculation.
Ferro-tungsten is unchanged at 85c. to $1.15 per lb.
contained tungsten.
Molybdenum: Entire lack of interest characterizes this:
market and prices are nominal at 65 to 75c per lb. o£ MoS
in regular concentrate.
Manganese: There is not much demand just at presen'
and quotations are a little easier. About the best price tha>
buyers would pay at present is 70 to 75c per unit for high
grade ore for early delivery.
Manganese-Iron Alloys: Demand for ferro-manganese con
tinues light. A sale of 185 tons for fairly early delivery a
.$190, delivered, is reported, but special considerations an
said to explain the low price. For last half the quotatioi
of producers is regarded as firm at $200, delivered, witl
$225 asked for prompt. Some British alloy is available foi
shipment from August on at $195, seaboard. More demanc
characterizes the spiegeleisen market; which is very firm a
$75, furnace, for all positions. There are domestic inquirie:
aggregating 1000 tons for fairly early delivery as well a
one for 4000 tons for foreign shipment.
Mi
!:l
llllillllllilllllllmiilililiimimm
HI II' I Hllllltll II II II 1 1 Illlll i I H II II II n Mi.lli.iiih
n.minmmi inn iiiiiiiiiiiiiini
III! Hllllllllllllllllllllimillll.illlllll
llll! "Illl Illlll
EDITORIAL. STAFF
t. a. rickahd. editor
Parsons, associate editor
Parsons, associate Editor
iimiiimiiiimitiiMiiiiiimitimitimiMiimiiiiii
Member Audit Bureau of Circulation!
Member Associated Business Papers, Inc.
ESTABLISHED I860
I
PtilUiihrfi at ifo Market St., San FrancbOO, F.
bv the Dcu'cv PuMUhino Comjxinv
lllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllltlllltltlllllllllllllMlllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
8CIENCK HAS NO BNKMT SAVE THE IGNORANT
BUSINESS STAFF
C.T. Hutchinson, manascr
H. LESLIE, 600 FiSMCR Bos, Chicago
. WEtGLE. 3514 WOOLWORTM BOS., N . V.
ml I Ill limn t mi
nullum imiimiii
Issued Every Saturday
San Francisco, July 17, 1920
?4 per Year — 15 Cunts per Copy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EDITORIAL
NOTKS
THE CONVENTIONS 77
A detached criticism of the two political conven-
tions. What were the best speeches. The plat-
forms and their evasiveness. The candidates nom-
inated. Political machines and their play. Orig-
inal method of electing a President under the Con-
stitution. The function of the electoral college.
Page
Recommendations of the Industrial Accident Com-
mission.
APEX LITIGATION
By John J. Presley 81
A word from the Coeur d'Alene. Ore deposits and
'electric waves'. Care in staking out a location to
accord with the strike of the lode.
ARTICLES
NEWS FROM MEXICO 78 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Cheerful outlook. The provisional government and
its efforts to promote goodwill with the United
States. Need for patience. The Mexican planks
in our party platforms. What the miner wants.
Villa and his brigandage. The restoration of in-
dustry.
DISCUSSION
THE CAMP BIRD, MR. AGNEW, AND MR. SPURR
By John A. Agnew 79
I A letter of protest ignored by the editor of the
'Engineering and Mining Journal'. Some past
history. Camp Bird mine not shut-down.
ROFESSIONAL ETHICS
By Robert Hawxhurst Jr 79
The 'code' of the American Society of Civil Engi-
By Robert S. Lewis
Mechanics of pumps. Plotting curves. Adapting
the pump to its work. Testing centrifugal pumps.
The selection of a motor for the pump.
LEAD-SMELTING PRACTICE AT PORT PIRIE, SOUTH
AUSTRALIA
By Gilbert Rigg
Need for improved roasting as a basis for better
results. Some misconceptions regarding the in-
fluence of zinc, and the handling of fine material.
Experimental work. Pre-roasting on Dwight &
Lloyd machines. Operation of the blast-furnaces.
Zinc as a trouble-maker. Furnace charges. Possi-
bility for recovering zinc from slag.
83
90
NOTES
COPPER IN CHINA 82
'BAKING' GOLD ORE 89
QUESTION AND ANSWER
By Wm. Crocker
The applicability of the 'question and answer'
method to writing books, and to an engineering
problem. Be concrete!
ELECTRIC DETONATORS
By G. Chester Brown
The three-pole switch, delay-fuses, and misfires.
SO DEPARTMENTS
REVIEW OF MINING 97
THE MINING SUMMARY : 103
PERSONAL 104
THE METAL MARKET 105
81 EASTERN METAL MARKET 106
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 107
Established May 24, 1860, as The Scientific PresB: name changed October
20 of the same year to Mining and Scientific Press.
Entered at the San Frai eisco post-office as second-claas matter, table
address: PertuBola.
Branch Offices — Chicago. 600 Fisher Bdff.: New York, 3514 Woolworth
Bdg.: London, 724 Salisbury House, E.O. Jf
Price 15 cents per copy. Annual subscription, payable in advance;
United StateB and Mexico, £4: Canada, $5: other countries, $6.
36
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
This Crew Is 100% Efficient
The men are of uniform
strength. Any one of
them can finish a job
begun by any other.
This Crew Is Inefficient
It averages the same as
that above, but the little
fellow cannot finish the
big man's job.
These Two Crews Show
the Importance of Linde Uniformity
Any one of the millions of cylinders filled with Linde Oxygen
must be interchangeable with any other produced by Linde.
For uniformity of oxygen is just as important to welders and
cutters as is a high standard of quality.
Expert chemists are constantly at work in Linde laboratories
to prevent the slightest deviation from the extreme high purity
of Linde Oxygen.
Seventy-one Linde Distributing Stations make it possible to
promptly supply welders and cutters everywhere with Linde
Oxygen.
THE LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO.
30 East 42nd Street, New York
Kohl Building, San Francisco
The Largest Producers of Oxygen in the World
L-511
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
T. A. H.ICKARD. ■ ■
MMimiiiiMiiiHimiriiMMMMMMimimiiiiiiiminiimiMMimiiiiiiimiiiimii
• • Editor
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiitiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimuiiiiiiiitii
THIIE Missouri School of Mint's and Metallurgy at Rolla
•*- has issued a booklet that contains the records of
Students and alumni who engaged in military service
during the War. Of 273 American undergraduates en-
rolled. 207 entered the military service, and 23 others
were iu the Students Army Training Corps. Still others
were engaged in work of production at which they were
urged to remain in preference to enlisting. In all, 600
Missouri School of Mines men were in active service.
/~\N August 10 the Secretary of the Interior, Mr. John
^-' Barton Payne, will hear arguments in behalf of
claimants under the War Minerals Relief Act in regard
to questions under dispute with the Commission function-
ing under that Act. The hearing was granted at the re-
quest of the American Mining Congress, following the
receipt of hundreds of letters on the subject. Arguments
on the following points will be submitted : request and
demand, purchase of property, net losses, and commercial
importance. The status of the Commission and its
method of procedure will also be discussed.
"D Y courtesy of the Director of the U. S. Bureau of
*-* Mines we are informed that the Secretary of the In-
terior has formally approved the transfer of the Mining
Experiment Station that was established at Denver in
1910, and moved to Golden in 1917, to Reno. This sta-
tion will be known henceforth as the Rare and Precious
Metals Station and its work will be conducted in co-
operation with the Mackay School of Mines of the Uni-
versity of Nevada, which is at Reno. This change seems,
on the face of it, to be well considered ; it will be a source
of strength to the Nevada School of Mines, and also a
matter of convenience to those in the field most likely to
derive benefit from it.
TVTINETY mining companies, including practically all
-*■ ' of the large producers of zinc and lead in the Tri-
State district, which centres at Joplin, have agreed upon
a plan of curtailment that is expected to force the price
of 'ore' to $60 per ton. The first step is a complete shut-
down for two weeks during the early part of July. This
'is to be followed, so it is reported, by other periods of
idleness, to the end that production may synchronize with
demand and the price for the product may thereby be
naintained at a higher level. While the operators point
to the fact that their employees, who have worked steadily
for several years, should appreciate a short vacation, and
that at any rate those who desire can work on the farms
where there is an unfilled demand for help, we are some-
what skeptical as to the result of repeated unsought
holidays on the attitude of the miners. There is the pos-
sibility that the employees may assist in the curtailment
and make temporary shutting-down unnecessary by the
simple expedient of 'tapering off' wore frequently and
persistently. They may reason that, since the demand
for their labor is limited, the market can best be sup-
ported by a co-operative plan of curtailing the rate of
production per man ; and the operators would not have a
particularly strong argument against such a policy.
A MONG the documents received by us recently is the
■^"*- annual report of President Butler on the work of
Columbia University. Owing to our interest in that
university and its distinguished head, we looked over the
report, expecting to find something interesting. We did.
Among the more prosaic items we note that full pro-
fessors are now paid $6000 to $8000 per annum, "with
the expectation of paying salaries of $10,000 to a limited
number of teachers of unusual distinction". We like the
use of the word 'teacher' in this context; every professor
is not a good teacher; a "teacher of unusual distinction"
is worth his weight in gold to a university, and to a com-
munity. In 1919 the Carnegie Foundation paid $60,000
to the Treasurer of Columbia University in retirement
and disability allowances. Altogether the Foundation
has given Columbia $405,439 in 13 years. The President
reviews the changes in the university's chief interest:
for fifty years the centre of gravity lay in the classical
languages and literatures. "It then moved, with results
that were not entirely satisfactory, to the natural and
experimental sciences. From these it moved to the field
of social and political science, and there perhaps it rests
at the present time, although in a state of unstable
equilibrium. ' ' This is as noteworthy as it is satisfactory.
The first purpose of the university is to produce good
citizens, the highest type of citizenship. For such the
scientific study of economics is imperative.
TN a report filed with the State Public Utilities Com-
-*- mission of Utah, which is investigating certain special
contracts under the terms of which the Utah Copper
Company purchases its electric power, Mr. John M.
Hays, treasurer for the company, gives some interesting
76
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
data. The company lias treated since 1907, when opera-
tion commenced, 75 million tons of ore from which was
recovered one and a half billion pounds of copper,
416,000 ounces of gold, and 4,400,000 ounces of silver.
The metal content of this ore averaged less than 1.5%
copper. The company's property, which includes the
Bingham & Garfield railroad, was appraised for taxation
in 1919 at $58,000,000, or practically 9% of the assessed
valuation of all property in the State. From January 1,
1913, to January 1, 1920, the company purchased 900,-
853,060 kilowatt-hours of electric power, for which it
paid $4,034,426 to the Utah Power & Light Company.
Indicative of the importance of the mining industry to
Utah is the fact that of 72,740 wage-earners employed in
the State in 1918, 22,022 or more than 30% were engaged
in the mines, mills, and smelters. In 1917 the mines pro-
duced metal to the value of 99 millions, and in 1918 the
output totaled 86 millions, while the ore hauled in that
year accounted for 85% of the total tonnage handled by
the railroads. While Utah has other natural resources,
she certainly can ill afford to hamper the mining industry.
A NY machine whose motion is rotative has certain de-
■*"*- cided advantages over one of the reciprocating type.
It has fewer bearings, it is more compact, weighs less,
requires lighter foundations, demands less attention, and
costs less than a reciprocating machine designed for the
same work. Steam-turbines, turbo-compressors, and cen-
trifugal pumps are built on the rotative principle and
for many uses are rapidly displacing older machinery.
In spite of the fact that centrifugal pumps rarely have an
efficiency of more than 75% the other advantages are so
great that their use in mines and mills is constantly be-
coming more general. For underground pumping, high-
pressure multi-stage pumps are required, but these have
been developed to such an extent that suitable equipment
can be obtained for any service. Centrifugal pumps,
however, are peculiar in that they work advantageously
only under the conditions for which they are designed.
The quantity lifted, the bead pumped against, and the
speed of operation, each must coincide closely with that
for which the pump is built, if a reasonable efficiency is
to be obtained. The principles on which the pump per-
forms are unusual. We happen to remember a large and
successful mill where a standing order directed the
operators to open the valves in the discharge-line before
starting centrifugal pumps on the theory that otherwise
the motors would be subjected to extra strain when start-
ing. As a matter of fact the shut-off load, as it is styled,
when the discharge-line is closed is the minimum and the
facts directly contradicted the theory on which the mill
superintendent based his instructions. In this issue we
publish an interesting and valuable article on centrifugal
pumps by Robert S. Lewis, Professor of Mining in the
School of Mines at the University of Utah.
T T is said of Jefferson that be did not think it ridicu-
•*■ lous to state that were it left to him to decide whether
they should have a government without newspapers or
newspapers without a government he would not hesitate
a moment to prefer the latter. Mr. Bryan's proposal to
establish a government newspaper, for the avowed pur-
pose of giving reliable news, reminds us of this saying of
the father of the Democratic party. We were glad that
Mr. Bryan's proposal was defeated at the recent Con-
vention, all the more as we had read of Secretary Daniels
disembarking at San Francisco from a warship to the
salute of seven guns and in the company of Mr. George
Creel. If there be a bete noire to American journalism,
it is Mr. Creel. To think of a government paper edited
and controlled by him would provoke mingled derision
and resentment. In truth, most of us are tired of bureau
cratic interference with legitimate industry and to have
the Fourth Estate subjected to the unintelligent tyranny
of such a man as Creel is unthinkable. The defects of
democratic government are obvious enough, and the only
hope of amelioration lies in the criticism of a free press.
Even the license of a string of disreputable papers, like
Hearst's, is preferable to the subordination of journalism
to a petty official at Washington. Sane criticism is the
best cure for the ills of maladministration ; upon the de-
velopment of healthy public opinion rests the welfare of
representative government in this, or any other, republic.
T? LSEWHEBE in this issue we publish a particularly
-*- J valuable article by Mr. Gilbert Rigg, metallurgist
for the Broken Hill Associated Smelters Proprietary,
Ltd., describing recent improvements in lead smelting as
practised at Port Pirie, South Australia. The smelting
of galena ore in the blast-furnace, following a prelimi-
nary roast for the removal of part of the contained sul-
phur, is comparatively old, the principal advance during
recent years being the development of blast-roasting.
Although the early edition of Hoffman's standard
treatise on the metallurgy of lead antedates the use of
Huntington & Heberlein pots, and the introduction of
the Dwight & Lloyd sintering machine came still later, it
seems fair to say that lead smelting bas been looked upon
as being a rather commonplace operation, which depended
for its success largely on plenty of flux and good furnace-
men, and that, if not actually neglected by the metal-
lurgist, it has at least not been studied as zealously and
assiduously as have some of the newer processes. Mr.
Rigg deals in a thorough and practical way with actual
problems of a nature similar to those that present them-
selves to every smelter superintendent. For instance, he
says that a foreman in charge of the Dwight & Lloyd de-
partment found that the sulphur content of the sinter lie
produced varied, not directly but inversely, as that of
the material received from the pre-roasters. This seems
paradoxical, but it was true. It appeal's that the pre-
roasting was done on a primary Dwight & Lloyd ma-
chine, the product from which was crushed by rolls in
preparation for the second treatment. The better the
pre-roast, the harder was the sinter, and the greater was
the proportion of coarse material in the crushed product.
Less sulphur was then removed in the second roast and
the sulphur content of the final sinter was accordingly
high. The improvements made at the Port Pirie plant
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
77
illustrate the value of intelligent and painstaking re-
search and experimental work and suggest in particular,
as Mr. Rigg concludes, thai the "last word has not yet
l n said in regard to the method of blast-roasting the
ore and smelting the sinter in blast-furnaces".
npilE effort to prosecute those responsible for the Bisbee
-*- deportations of July 1917 seems unlikely to lead to
any convictions. The Hist test case ended in an acquittal
on April :i0 at Tombstone, as recorded in our issue of
May 1"). The next ease is set for November, but we
think it unlikely that it will come to trial, owing to the
apparent difficulty in persuading any jury that a crime
was committed, even if a blunder was perpetrated. On
the other hand, it is pleasant to recall the fact that out of
' the Bisbee trouble there has come one good result at least,
namely, the adoption of the scheme ordered by the Presi-
• dent's mediation committee, of which the Secretary of
Labor, Mr. William B. "Wilson, was chairman. The man-
agers of the mines and their employees were compelled to
adjust their quarrels by means of a grievance committee,
' the members of which had to be elected by secret ballot
and on neutral ground. Any complaint from the em-
ployees is referred to the grievance committee, which
; either rejects it or takes it up with the manager ; in case
'of disagreement the matter is then referred to a Federal
mediator, who, although he has not the actual powers of
mm arbitrator, is virtually enabled to act as such, because
in every case so far his decision has been accepted by both
sides. This arrangement will continue so long as a state
• of war persists ; it holds good for all the copper mines of
Arizona; and in effect it settled the labor controversy in
the South-West for the term of the War. We hope that
it may become established, for it works admirably.
Among its minor features it is noteworthy that the men,
by reason of the secret ballot, showed good judgment in
the selection of their representatives, choosing both union
and non-union men, much to the chagrin of the walking
delegates but greatly to the satisfaction of those, man-
agers and men alike, who earnestly desire to promote fair
play in industrial affairs.
The Conventions
In a recent article Sefior Blasco Ibanez remarked that
the people of the Latin countries are restrained by the
fear of the ludicrous. He might have included the
British ; their sense of humor likewise is largely per-
verted into a dread of making themselves ridiculous.
This is intimidating ; it is tyrannous ; Ibanez likens it
• to the fear of the inquisition, and then proceeds to say,
apropos of the suffragette picketing at the Chicago con-
vention, that in a Latin country "it would be impossible
to assemble a dozen ladies of respectable age and dimen-
sions to dress themselves up like schoolgirls and parade
in the streets. The thing would strike them as utterly
preposterous". It would indeed, and that may be why,
lacking the courage, the Spanish and Italian women
have not won the vote. The conventions at Chicago and
San Francisco proved our people indifferent to any fear
of Beeming absurd; they made themselves intensely
ridiculous by their antics and yet retained their self-
respect. Macaulay's New Zealander or Butler's citizen
from 'Brewhon' would have been moved to homeric
laughter, not wholly good-natured perhaps, at the per-
formances that preceded the selection of the next Presi-
dent of the United States. Even to the sophisticated
and comprehending spectator, to the thoughtful student
of our political system, the antics of the political mobs
that represented the two dominant parties in the nation
affords cause for regret and chagrin. The organized ap-
plause, the hired bands, and the paid yell-leaders were
hardly worse than the opening invocation, which simu-
lated a prayer to the Almighty while really only a speech
to the audience, or the exploitation of the national flag
and the national anthem alike in the interest of the in-
dividual, candidate. Of the many speeches, most of which
we read, for our sins, we recall only one that we would
be willing to read again, and that was the opening address
by Mr. Homer S. Cummings. The other key-note ad-
dress, by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, left an unpleasant
taste of personal rancor toward a stricken man and of
narrow partisanship unrelieved by any touch of generous
vision. Much the worst nominating speech was that of
Mr. Charles S. Wheeler in support of Senator Hiram
Johnson and the best that of Mrs. Douglas Robinson in
seconding General Wood. The most effective nomination
was that made by Mr. Frank B. Willis, who closed a
short speech by saying: "Well, boys and girls, let's nomi-
nate Harding." Mr. Willis, by the way, was the man
who defeated Mr. Cox for the governorship of Ohio
in 1914. Another felicitous recommendation was that
made by Mrs. Jewel Brown, who said of her candidate,
Mr. John W. Davis: "He is not a preacher but he prac-
tises what the preachers preach." These were rare
flashes amid the fog of platitudinous piffle. As for the
platforms, both are a mass of evasive verbiage. The Re-
publican contains 6396 words ; the Democratic is equally
long. As Mr. Woodrow Wilson said during the 1912
campaign, "A party platform is not a program". It is
an elaborate gangway for stepping into power, a political
posturing that deceives some and binds nobody. Both
conventions were essentially political mobs that came to
heel at the call of the bosses. That was inevitable ; with-
out bossing they would still be mulling around in help-
less confusion. At Chicago the crowd of politicians was
moved scientifically by the old machine in the masterful
hands of Senator Penrose. The reactionary element, rep-
resenting a highly organized phase of predatory politics,
won easily. A 'regular' was nominated, a colorless docile
henchman was made the standard-bearer. Whereas the
present incumbent of the presidential chair has assumed
an autocratic power repellant to thousands of good citi-
zens, his proposed Republican successor is a second-rate
politician who is expected to be wholly amenable to a
senatorial coterie. The pendulum will make a full swing
if the Republicans succeed in electing Senator Warren G.
Harding. In San Francisco the Presidential machine
dictated the platform and ensured a tribute of praise to
78
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
the outgoing Chief Executive, but it declined to nominate
a candidate recommended by Mr. Wilson. Here the
bosses became effective by distributing the votes of the
pivotal States, those of New York. Illinois, and Indiana,
in such a way as to defeat the forces of the Administra-
tion and after systematic delay compel the nomination
of Governor James M. Cox of Ohio. He is a man of
some character and considerable achievement, but it is
unlikely that he will win the race under the handicap of
the outgoing Democratic regime. To earnest men the
forthcoming election presents no scope for enthusiasm,
and yet we agree with Mr. Hoover that those of liberal,
mind must do the best they can from within the existing
parties. A third party would make for a confusion sub-
versive of our political system. For the present the
sanely progressive elements whom Mr. Hoover would
have represented are submerged. They may make them-
selves felt in the cabinet of the next President, for it is
quite probable that a weak man will fortify himself by
selecting strong men for his cabinet, in contrast to a
President of strong character who filled the offices of
State with weak men. Co-operation between the Bxecu
tive and Legislative branches of the Government is essen-
tial ; the experience of the last twelve months is eloquenj
on that point. It even seems a pity that the selection of
a President, who is the chief of a victorious party, is not;
left to the members of that party in the House of Repre
sentatives. Originally, under the Constitution, the elec
tors were highly respected citizens chosen from eacli
State with authority to select a President. Owing to the
inability of men who were unknown to each other to
concur in a choice, the arrangement broke down; so
eventually the electors accepted a mandate from the
electorate and became the mere recorders of the popular
vote. This led to the party ticket, which is the expres-
sion of a choice made at a party convention. Today,
thanks to improved transportation and communication,
the s.ystem as originally devised under the Constitution
would work much better than it did a century ago and it
would probably lead to the choice of men of a higher
type. A thousand men in open assembly never did, and
never will be able to function intelligently in the choice
of a representative. In a multitude of counsellors there
is only noise. So long as the present system survives, the
nomination of a president will fall into the hands of
those small groups of quick-witted men we call political
machines. Sometimes they are, outwitted by Providence
and we are given a Lincoln or a Roosevelt, but most of
the time they give us the cigar Indians of the political
sidewalk.
News From Mexico
Letters from Mexico bring cheerful news; there is an
increasing confidence in the near prospect of a restoration
of order and it would appear as if the provisional govern-
ment of De la Huerta were being well established, in
preparation for the general election of September, when
General Alvaro Obregon is assured of election to the
Presidency. Officials at Washington are watching the
course of events closely with a view to determining when
it will be proper to recognize the provisional government,
which is the de facto successor of the Carranza adminis-
tration. Senor Iglesias Calderon, a special envoy from
Mexico, is now at Washington making every effort to
persuade the Acting Secretary of State that his govern-
ment is worthy of recognition and support. We hope
recognition will be accorded soon, for it will help to con-
firm the status of the existing order and facilitate the
financial arrangements necessary to the rehabilitation of
the railways and other industrial activities of a mining
region in which our people have a large stake. Com-
plaints reach us that the representatives of mining com-
panies find themselves still facing many of the predatory
officials appointed by Carranza; as yet apparently the
new government has not been able to make a clean sweep.
We would counsel patience ; give President De la Huerta
a chance ; in the land of la manaiva it is necessary to
allow for the element of time even when the best inten-
tions actuate the policy of a government that has just
jumped into the saddle. The resumption of order and
the revival of industry in Mexico must be left to the
Mexicans themselves; the recovery of the country must
be brought about mainly by the forces from within, not
by interference from outside. The Mexican planks in
the platform of our two parties are humorous. The
Democrats give credit to the Wilson administration for
the recent improvement south of the Rio Grande, where-
as, of course, the vacillating policy of Washington during
recent years has served chiefly to aggravate the troubles
of our so-called sister republic. The Republicans echo
the truculent tone of the Fall resolution, and expect
Mexico to amend her constitution to suit our desires, but
if we can persuade oue neighbor in a friendly way not to
give a retroactive interpretation to the clause national-
izing the subsoil we shall have done as much as we can
do in that direction. For the rest, all the miner asks is
life, liberty, and the pursuit of his occupation under a
civilized code, whereby the Mexican government will not
discriminate against him so long as he obeys the laws of
the country ; and in doing his legitimate work he asks for
the protection of his own government whenever or wher-
ever his just rights are invaded or suppressed by any
other government. Several minor revolutionary out-
breaks have been reported during the past month, but
they represent, we hope, the crackling of vagrant sparks
of unrest on the edge of the latest revolution. Villa is
still at large and is trying to bluff the authorities into
recognizing him as a political unit. He has ceased to be
that, and if the new government is to receive recognition
it devolves upon it to perform its proper function by
extinguishing this vile ruffian, who has too long menaced
life and property in the North. The rehabilitation of the
railroads and the restoration of the school system are the
two primary needs of Mexico. After that, and while
these reforms are in progress, we may hope for a re-
establishment of conditions favorable to industry. Not
for ten years have the prospects been so good for ttae
miner in Mexico.
July 17, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
79
The Camp Bird, Mr. Agnew, and Mr. Spurr
The Editor:
Sii v — I had occasion some little time ago to write to
the editor of the 'Engineering and Mining Journal',
New York, calling his attention to the incorrectness of
sonic remarks published in that journal on 14th Febru-
ary last. Since the date of that letter I have carefully
sought for its publication, an acknowledgment of error
on the part of the editor, or a reply direct to me, in each
case without success. I conclude therefore that the
editor of the journal in question intends to ignore my
communication. I enclose herewith a copy of the latter
and I shall be grateful if you can arrange to publish
same in the 'Mining and Scientific Press', together with
this explanation.
John A. Agnew.
London, June 14.
Copy of letter follows.
No. 1, London Wall Buildings,
London, E. C. 2.
10th March, 1920.
The Editor,
Engineering & Mining Journal,
New York, U. S. A.
Sir — My attention has been called to the paragraph in
your issue of 14th February, relating to the Camp Bird
deep tunnel.
It is a matter for surprise that you should not have
taken steps to ascertain the correctness of the statement
to effect that the mine had been shut down before pub-
lishing same. It is true that you mention it as being
reported to you, but the deductions you draw therefrom
and the peculiar satisfaction expressed, leave no doubt
as to your belief in the report.
As one of the technical advisers to Camp Bird Ltd., I
may be permitted to reply to your remarks. Some years
ago — to be accurate, in 1908 — Mr. J. E. Spurr was called
on to advise the Camp Bird directors as to the policy to
lie followed in further development work. In the east
end of the mine the then lowest working was the No. 3
adit-level. In the course of an exhaustive report, made
no doubt after an examination of a similar character,
Mr. Spurr advised the board that any further work be-
low the No. 3 adit would be useless and unproductive:
in spite of this adviee the board decided to sink No. 3
shaft and between No. 3 adit-level and the ninth level —
a vertical distance of about 1000 ft. — in a short shoot of
ore in the vicinity of the shaft referred to, there has since
been extracted ore which has actually yielded a profit of
over £500,000.
To sink below the ninth level would have meant en-
larging No. 3 shaft and the installation of much heavier
winding and pumping equipment: there was, moreover,
the constant danger of the workings being flooded if any
connection were established with certain water courses be-
lieved to traverse the No. 1 shaft section, the latter being
an extremely wet section. These factors caused the direc-
tors, largely on the advice of the writer, to agree to the
driving of the tunnel now referred to. It did not seem
too much to ask that a moderate percentage of the profits
won from the shoot of ore above referred to should be set
aside to seek for its continuance in depth, especially
when the then lowest level — ninth — appeared promising.
Whether Mr. Spurr 's opinion was sought, in earlier
years, in order that the directors might have the benefit
of his advice on driving a low-level tunnel, I do not know :
I do know, however, that it was not asked for when the
question of driving the present one was under discussion.
The Camp Bird mine is not shut down ; work is actively
proceeding in the eastern section — the one referred to
above, and a commencement is being made to extend the
west drive on the vein, at the tunnel level, under No. 1
shaft section.
Am I right in assuming that the Mr. J. E. Spurr, men-
tioned in the paragraph I have drawn attention to, has
no connection with Mr. Josiah Edward Spurr, the editor
of the 'Engineering and Mining Journal', or is it per-
missible for one of them to seek a cheap form of notoriety
while the other has a sneer for a body of men possessing
what is often enough lacking today in mining — a little
pluck and enterprise?
Yours faithfully,
John A. Agnew.
[We know Mr. Agnew to be a distinguished member
of the mining profession and a man of the highest char-
acter. We are willing therefore to give him the space
to make this protest. Why Mr. Spurr did not publish it,
we are at a loss to surmise. — Editor.]
Professional Ethics
The Editor :
Sir — Referring to your critical editorial upon the code
of ethics proposed by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, I would call attention to that adopted by the
American Society of Civil Engineers in 1914, which
reads as follows :
It shall be considered unprofessional and inconsistent
80
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
with honorable and dignified bearing for any member of
the American Society of Civil Engineers :
1. To act for his clients in professional matters other-
wise than as a faithful agent or trustee, or to accept any
remuneration other than his stated charges for services
rendered his clients.
2. To attempt to injure falsely or maliciously, directly
or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects, or
business, of another Engineer.
3. To attempt to supplant another _ Engineer, after
definite steps have been taken toward his employment.
4. To compete with another Engineer for employment
on the basis of professional charges, by reducing his
usual charges and in this manner attempting to under-
bid after having been informed of the charges named by
another.
5. To review the work of another Engineer for the
same client, except with the knowledge or consent of such
Engineer, or unless the connection of such Engineer with
the work has been terminated.
6. To advertise in self-laudatory language, or in any
other manner derogatory to the dignity of the Profession.
Article III, Clause 6 of the constitution of the society
provides for the expulsion of a member for cause. Un-
professional and dishonorable conduct would clearly con-
stitute such cause. This code is simple and brief. Means
of enforcement, or rather of punishment for breach, are
not wanting and I believe have been exercised upon one
or more occasions in the past.
„ . _ , „ Robert Hawxhurst Jr.
San Francisco, July S.
Question and Answer
The Editor :
Sir — In your issue of June 26 you invite criticism of
your book on technical writing. The following is not a
criticism, but a suggestion. The suggestion I would
make is based on the benefits I have received from a cer-
tain work on mining, namely, Mr. J. E. Spurr's 'Geology
Applied to Mining'. I have got more out of Mr. Spurr's
book than all the books on mining I have ever read. I
believe this is due to the manner in which the subject is
presented, that of question and answer. The answers
to questions are easier found and are easier fixed in the
mind. I believe it would be an improvement if all sub-
jects were presented in the same way, at least to the
beginner. It may be that this method of presenting a
.subject is not suited to addressing those who already
know a great deal about it.
Not only is it an advantage to present a subject this
way, at least to a beginner, b- * it is, I believe, an advan-
tage to a writer in preparing his subject, even if he
doesn't present it to his readers that way. The following
will illustrate what I mean. Just before the War I put
in two years prospecting in Central Africa for a mining
company ; and, for my own satisfaction, I worked out the
best way of doing every part of my work. In this I was
greatly assisted by using the method of question and
answer. Following is an example.
Cutting down the cost of prospecting. "What items
enter into the cost of prospecting? What is practically
a salary and expenses from the time a prospector leaves
America until he returns, hrj food while in Africa, the
cost of administration, the wages and up-keep of the men
in his employ, his outfit and tools. What does all this
amount to? I can't say exactly, but for the purpose of
discussion I will say about $7000 for the term. How
much time does a man spend in the field? About 19
months r.t the most. Then according to these figures it
costs at least $12 per day for the time a man is ;, tually
prospecting in the field ? Yes. Are there circumstances
nnder which it may cost more? Yes. What are they J
Sickness and loafing. Then it pays the company for a
prospector to pay considerable attention to his health?
Yes. Does good management cut much figure in the cost
of prospecting? Yes, a very big figure. In what ways
can a man increase his effectiveness in the field ? By not
doing anything more than is necessary in finding what is
wanted; and by devising ways and means of doing
quickly what is to be done. What do you consider the
most desirable thing to find? Big enough bodies of ore
and gravel of a grade that it will pay to put in railroads,
etc., or reduction plants. Why not put in a great deal of
time looking for small bodies of high-grade ore and
gravel? Because the chances are greater to make more
out of the big lower-grade bodies of ore and gravel. It
is a law of mineral distribution that the amount of min-
eral in rich veins and deposits is small as compared to
the amount in lower-grade veins and deposits. This law
is a very important factor in mining. Don't you think
it would be profitable to pay more attention to the small
high-grade ore and gravel deposits? It is not a question
of what is profitable, it is a question of what is most
profitable. If railroads or machinery were put in on .
account of big low-grade stuff, the small rich stuff would
then become more profitable. What do you consider
unnecessary work? Accurate surveys of streams, trails,
routes, or lodes, and the surveying of small streams un-
less they are to be prospected to get more detailed in-
formation. The sampling of small streams, or at least an
extensive sampling of them, when the streams around
them have not proved good. And sampling any stream
any further than to draw comparisons with the best or
until we wanted to know the amount of gold in it with
the idea of exploiting it. The building of trails any bet-
ter or putting any more time on them than the amount
of travel warrants. Or building houses any better than
the length of time they are to be occupied warrants. The
cutting of plantations when it is possible to get food from
the outside. The planting of anything that won't maturfl
soon enough to be used. In what other ways can a man
do prospecting cheaper and quicker? By employing out-
siders to do all the work than can be done by outsiders,
such as cutting trails, leaves for houses, sticks, clearings!
plantations, porterage, etc., and using the services of
various chefs de postes and commercial agents in arrang-
ing for food and porterage. May not the employment of
outsiders to do all this work cost more 1 It would- appear
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
81
so if we only consider the wages and up-kecp of one's
own men without considering the cost of administration,
the salary and expense of the prospector from the time
he leaves America until be returns. But if we consider
the.se items it would have to Cost Considerably more than
it does to be profitable for one to use his own men for this
work. Kvery clay one loses in actual prospecting costs at
least +1-. By employing outsiders we make a more
affective use of the over-head expense — the constant ex-
pense.
The method of question and answer can be employed
to great advantage in working out the problems of any
business. It is surprising how readily some pretty knotty
problems can be solved by putting down questions as
. they occur to you and then answering them. Every
question when uttered seems to call forth an answer and
every answer seems to suggest another question. Try it.
The effect is a little surprising. By asking a question we
give ourselves a definite task to perform, which helps
immensely.
At all times a writer, in discussing a subject, is an-
swering questions, only he doesn't utter them or write
them down. By writing down the questions or uttering
them the writer gets a clearer and better idea of his sub-
ject. He may afterward, in presenting his subject, omit
the questions.
¥m. Crocker.
Prescott, Arizona, July 1.
[It so happens that we drew attention to the useful-
ness of Mr. Spurr's book, on the application of geology
to mining, in our issue of June 26 (page 927) . We agree
with Mr. Crocker that the value of this handbook is en-
hanced by the method of question and answer. Undoubt-
edly the written record of questions pertinent to any
subject under discussion helps to fix the essential points,
but most men try to accomplish this by making mental
notes. — Editor.]
Electric Detonators
The Editor:
Sir — The article on this subject in your issue of June
19 is most interesting. However, the recommendation
about a three-pole switch will not, in my opinion, elim-
inate the most common causes of misfires. In the fourth
paragraph of their conclusions, the authors of the paper
suggest two objections to the use of delay-action ex-
ploders in cut-holes, and recommend the use of instan-
taneous exploders. While their suggestion is feasible,
provided the three-pole switch be used as described, it is
directly contrary to the recommendations of the mining
division of the Industrial Accident Commission that in-
stantaneous exploders shall not be used in the same circuit
as delays. It is possible with a lighting current and a
three-pole switch having one leg shorter than the other
two, to use the instantaneous exploders in the same circuit
&i the delays. If a lighting circuit is not used there is no
way to use the combination successfully. Delay-action
detonators as a rule are so made that the first delays are
timed to pull the cut-holes satisfactorily, and they can be
used with any kind of current, provided the wires are
properly connected.
The authors also make a point of the fact that misfires
may occur by using delays in the cut-holes. There is no
more of a chance of electrical failure in using No. 1 de-
lays than there is in using instantaneous detonators.
Again, referring to the three-pole switch discussed in
this article, it should be borne in mind that this method
is liable to cause trouble unless one of the poles is con-
siderably shorter than the other two poles in the switch,
and unless the contact is made very slowly at the time
of throwing the switch. Moreover, users must be sure
that they do not get a lead wire from the delays con-
nected to the short pole. It is essential that the delays
be ignited first, hence they must be connected to the long
pole. All of these points are likely to be neglected by
men who do not appreciate the need of care, with the
result that men may be injured by accidents due to mis-
fires.
G. Chester Brown.
San Francisco, July 1.
Apex Litigation
The Editor:
Sir — I have been a frequent reader of your paper.
Your appeal for aid to help solve the apex problem no
doubt will attract the attention of many mining men of
this country. The time is most appropriate to make an
attempt to correct the many mistakes made concerning
the present procedure in apex cases in court.
In response to that call you will please find enclosed a
printed sketch or map showing the vein system of the
Coeur d'Alene district with the Bunker Hill vein as the
mother vein of the entire system. This map represents
approximately thirty miles of the Bunker Hill vein, in-
cluding the later veins of note that branch out from both
foot and hanging wall. If there was an extension of
thirty miles more added to this map it would then fail
to reach either end of this great vein. There is nothing
in connection with this map and the lines representing
the veins of the Coeur d'Alene that has-been borrowed
from anyone — not even from Germany. And, further-
more, there is nothing I can borrow from geology as it
is being taught in our higher institutions of learning con-
cerning the structure and the power that have created
all mineral veins and earthquakes. Strange as it may
seem, the earthquake that occurred in Old Mexico a few
months ago sent an electric wave through every vein in
this Coeur d'Alene vein system.
I have devoted a great deal of time and energy re-
garding this nation-wide apex problem, which has been
the cause of so many serious conflicts in the mining in-
dustry. In many apex suits the testimony introduced by
geologists has been so contradictory that no judge or jury
could give an intelligent decision. In some cases the
judge is accused both by the public and the defendants
in the case as having shown some partiality in his de-
cision. The general impression prevails that geologists
82
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
testify for the side that pays them. Such is not the ease.
Geologists testify honestly, each for himself along the
lines that he has been schooled and trained. It has been
suggested in the last few years, why doesn't the judge
employ a third set of geologists to testify for the Court,
that he may arrive at a non-partisan decision. The re-
sult would be that such a procedure would give the judge
one more color to choose from, with no better results.
The first serious mistake is made by the prospector
who does not locate a claim properly along the trend of
the vein or apex. There is no branch of mining that re-
quires greater skill in mining than the developing of a
prospect into a producing mine. There are a great many
cases that I can refer to, two in particular, where the
Federal Mining Company undertook to develop the
Bunker Hill vein between Government gulch and Pine
creek. After spending approximately $200,000 they did
not touch that great vein at any point. On the Senator
Clark vein on Sunset mountain, after spending an
enormous amount of money in development work, they
do not know whether the vein they should have developed
is six feet wide or one hundred feet. Those are condi-
tions that confront us today, that make mining such a
hazardous risk.
The time is near at hand when those who testify in
mining suits, especially as to the apex of a vein, must
prove it by some method. Theory has got to be such a
vexed question in past years. If those that are interested
in mining and the higher institutions of learning would
recognize the great almighty power, electricity, that has
created all things, then, and not till then, will this apex
problem be solved.
There is so much that can be written on this subject,
other than that taught by high institutions of learning,
that when the time comes that I must defend the apex
of a vein in court the problem will be solved along the
lines as expressed in this paper.
John J. Presley.
Kellogg, Idaho, June 28.
[We publish this letter, although we are not in agree-
ment with the writer's views in regard to the part elec-
tricity plays in the formation of veins; as to that we
plead ignorance; but we do wish to endorse Mr. Presley's
suggestion that the locators of claims should take more
care to ascertain the strike of the vein they desire to
exploit. Much of the litigation is due to random locating.
— Editor.]
Copper in China
In 1918 over 8000 short tons of copper ingots and slabs
valued -at about $5,000,000 was imported into China.
An increased amount was imported in 1919. The im-
ports for the first three-quarters of that year amounted
to over 14,000 tons, but final figures for the total year's
importations are not yet available. Practically all of this
copper came from Japan and was minted into coins.
Recently some American copper has reached China
through the Japanese dealers. Copper has been used in
China since before the Christian Era; it forms a large
part of the old bronze objects of those days. The metal
has been produced in China for centuries, but never, so
far as there are any records to show, in quantities which
today would be considered of importance. Many occur-
rences of copper ores are known, but so far no large cop-
per mines have been developed. These ores are scattered
throughout a number of the provinces of China and the
copper produced is derived from these small properties.
The production of copper in China now amounts to about
2000 tons annually which does not nearly supply the de-
mand. Copper probably has a relatively larger utiliza-
tion in China than in other agricultural countries. Cop-
per objects of art and brass utensils are quite common.
The brass 'cash' pieces, 10 to the cent, and the large
1-cent and 2-cent copper pieces which are, by the way,
much larger than the coppers of the United States, are
in use everywhere. The 2-cent piece is about the size of
the American, silver half dollar and the 1-cent piece is,
approximately, one-quarter of an inch less in diameter.
According to the Chinese maritime customs, imports of
copper bars, rods, sheets, plates, nails, and wire amounted
to 1,276,266 lb. in 1916, 1,376,400 lb. in 1917, and 1,380,-
933 lb. in 1918 ; imports of copper slabs and ingots total-
ed 3,474,000 lb. in 1916, 3,687,733 lb. in 1917, and 16,-
187,733 lb. in 1918. The final figures for 1919 are as
yet unavailable, but the total tonnage for the first three
quarters of the year was 28,973,200 lb., showing that a
further large increase took place during that period.
Japan furnished 3,206,800 lb. in 1916; 212,000 lb. came
from the United States and possessions; 212,000 lb. was
credited to Great Britain. The share of Japan increased
to 3,647,866 lb. in 1917 and to 16,238,533 lb. in 1918.
Changsha led all the rest in the volume of copper im-
ported in 1918 and 1919. The reason is not difficult to
find. Changsha is the capital of the Province of Hunan,
which has been overrun by the armies of the North and
the South and is now in a bad financial condition. In
1918 the Southern troops were driven out of Changsha
and the city was looted. It is now occupied by the
Northern forces. Since the occupation, the mint has been
coining copper. Approximately 30 tons of copper and
3 tons of zinc are melted and cast into slabs each day.
The melting at the Changsha mint is done in crucibles of
Japanese make for most part, although a few new Eng-
glish crucibles recently arrived. Approximately $800
worth of crucibles are used daily, it is said. The cast
slabs are then cold-rolled on old German rolls into strips ;
many of which are defective, full of holes and cracks.
These are then punched and stamped on small slow-work-
ing German machines which punch two blanks at a time.
The dies formerly made by the Japanese are now being
made at the mint by Chinese workmen. Defective coins
and other scrap are re-melted in small clay crucibles
made in the mint, and re-cast.
One-third of the average man's time is spent in
recreation. Every mining camp, if it desires to progress,
must recognize that wholesome and health-building facili-
ties for recreation are a necessity.
Julv
1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
83
Centrifugal Pumps
By ROBERT S. LEWIS
The first centrifugal pump built in the United States
was in 1818. It was called the Massachusetts pump, and
was of crude design. Evidently the early pumps were
not considered a success, for the wide use of centrifugal
pnmps has developed rapidly only during the last few
years.
Mechanics. The centrifugal pump depends for its
art ion upon transforming the kinetic energy of a rapidly
revolving mass of water into a pressure that forces the
water through the pipe-line. A high velocity is imparted
to the water by the action of the rotating impeller, the
Correct design of which practically controls the efficiency
of the pump. The effect that the shape of the impeller-
vanes has on the velocity of the water, as it leaves the tip
of the vanes, may be understood easily by studying
Fig. 1.
Let 1" = velocity of the water relative to the vane.
U— peripheral velocity of the vane-tip.
Then by vector addition W is the absolute velocity of
the water as it leaves the impeller. The total head de-
Wi V- V- ,
veloped by the pump is H~ y + ^ Y' wnere 9 1S
the acceleration due to gravity. This total head, M, is
W-
made up of two parts : the velocity-head — , which may
XT' — T"
be converted into pressure-head, and — s- — , the pres-
sure-head developed within the impeller. If the losses
due to shock and friction be neglected, this formula holds
for all pumps in which the water enters the impeller
radially, and consequently applies to nearly all cen-
trifugal pumps.
In Fig. 1 it is evident that with constant speed of rota-
tion. U is constant, but W is the resultant of U and V.
The velocity, V, of the water relative to the vane in-
creases with the amount of water delivered. In case the
impeller-tip is at right angles to the tangent at the cir-
cumference, that is, is radial, any increase in V must en-
tail an increase in — , but — , is diminished. If the
vane-tip is inclined forward, the increase in W is very
rapid. If we substitute for W 2 its value in terms of V
tand V, V- -f- U 2 + 2FZ7 cos 9, where © is the angle be-
tween the tangent and the direction of the tip of the vane,
m. • , „, „ v uv cos e
the expression for H becomes H = — - + .
As cos is positive for all values of © less than '90°, it
is plain that for this type of impeller the greater the
amount of water delivered, the greater is the head de-
veloped. When 6 = 90°, cosine is zero. Therefore
IP
the head is constant for all deliveries and is equal to — .
9
For backward-directed vanes is greater than 90° and
cos is negative ; consequently the head developed de-
creases as the delivery increases. A graphic, representa-
tion of these different conditions is shown in Fig. 2, 3,
and 4.
A knowledge of these simple relations will go far
toward ensuring a clear understanding of the apparently
confusing behavior of different centrifugal pumps, and it
emphasizes the fact that a centrifugal pump should be
designed for the particular work it is to do. The effi-
ciency of a well designed pump may be considerably
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
diminished by using the pump under conditions different
from those for which it was intended.
Before a centrifugal pump can be properly adapted to
its work it is first necessary to know how the capacity
varies when the pump is operated at constant speed
against different heads. The curve obtained by plotting
the capacity or pump-discharge against the head is called
the pump-characteristic. Fig. 5, 6, and 7 show the char-
acteristics and efficiencies of the impellers illustrated in
Fig. 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The efficiencies are taken
from the same scale as the heads, but the figures are to
be read as percentages. Brake horse-power curves are
also given, but these curves are merely to show the
general behavior of different pumps and not all are
placed in exact position on the charts. The flatter the
efficiency-curve at its highest part, the wider is the range
of capacity without serious loss in efficiency. It is evident
that the pump of Fig. 5 can maintain a high efficiency for
a fairly large variation in discharge, but the pumps of
Fig. 6 and 7 must be operated with nearly the discharge
84
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
for which they are designed in order to secure maximum
efficiency. For a rising characteristic the delivery in-
creases with increase of head and, consequently, the
power required for driving the pump must increase. The
more drooping the characteristic, the less will he the
power required for increased delivery. Centrifugal
pumps should be designed so that power-demand falls off
sharply after the point of maximum efficiency is reached.
Such a design makes it impossible to overload the pump-
motor. A poorly designed pump might have a power-
curve as shown by the dotted curve in Fig. 5. A break
in the pipe-line near the pump would reduce the head
nearly to zero, the discharge would be increased, and the
increased power required might overload the motor so
seriously as to burn it out.
In a centrifugal pump the maximum energy is pos-
sessed by the water at the instant it leaves the impeller-
vane. Part of this energy is in the form of pressure-head
TT- — v*
and is — ^z — • The remainder is kinetic energy or veloc-
lty-head and is^r . The ratio between these two quan-
tities depends upon the shape of the impeller-vane and
also upon the relation between the velocity, V, of the
water relative to the impeller, and upon the peripheral
speed, U, of the impeller. In general, the velocity of the
water in a radial direction as it leaves the impeller is
from 10 to 15% of the peripheral velocity.
The efficiency of the pump as a whole depends upon
2g
the efficiency with which the impeller-pressure
generated and the efficiency with which the velocity-
head ^— , possessed by the water as it leaves the impeller,
is converted into pressure. Efficiency within the im-
peller is secured by correct surfaces, curves of large
radius, and smooth finish. It is desirable to develop as
much head as possible within the impeller, because the
greater the velocity-head of the water as it leaves the
impeller, the more unsuitable is the form of the head-
characteristic curve.
"With an impeller of constant diameter the following
relations hold :
The discharge of the pump varies as the speed of the
impeller.
The head developed varies as the square of the speed.
The power required varies as the cube of the speed.
If the speed is the same, impellers of different diam-
eters have these relations :
The discharge varies as the diameter of the impeller.
The head developed varies as the square of the diam-
eter of the impeller.
The power required varies as the cube of the diameter
of the impeller.
The equation for the total head against which the
pump must deliver is
H = h s + h< + /i„
where h s = the static head or lift in feet
h t = the friction-head in feet
and h v = the velocity-head in feet, or the head re-
quired to give the water the velocity it has
in the pipe, and is j- where v = velocity
in feet per second
For long pipes the friction-head is usually the largest
part of the total head. The friction-loss in pipes varies
approximately as the square of the velocity, so the im-
portance of keeping the velocity down to a reasonable
figure is evident. The question of the make-up of the
total head against which a centrifugal pump must work
has an important bearing on the performance of the
100
1 1
BO
Z^<1~
" —
60
jsafe^
*
40 ^-~
■z^0
?T
-
20 /
/»
(VI
§
%
I
Capacity
Fig. 6
140
""S
Jiz-o>
I
so
•a
80
6i&
£
■^fv*'
c/
|-
'/I?'
^
/ l
o
^
%
|
|
Capacity
■Fig. i
pump, that is, whether the head is all static, part static
and part friction, or practically all friction-head.
The volume delivered by a centrifugal pump increases
directly as the speed, but the head developed increases
as the square of the speed. If the head pumped against
is entirely a friction-head, its value varies as the square
of the velocity of the water in the pipe. The velocity
varies with the delivery, hence the head must vary with
the square of the delivery. Under these conditions prac-
tically constant efficiency is secured for all deliveries and
at all speeds.
Should the head be partly static and partly frictional
the efficiency would vary with the delivery and the pump
should be designed to give maximum efficiency at one
definite head and delivery. If the curve is flat, the effi-
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
85
mousy will not change greatly with moderate variations
in head and delivery.
These points may be made clear by explaining the
method of testing a pump to determine all its character-
istics and to learn whether it fulfills the guarantee of its
maker. The details of testing will be considered later,
but the general factors involved will now be considered.
The pump is operated at constant speed. First, it is
primed and started with the discharge-valve wide open,
and the following data are noted or calculated:
Discharge in gallons per minute
Total head developed in feet
Efficiency of the pump
Brake horse-power
Revolutions per minute
The discharge-valve is closed slightly and a second set
of readings is taken. Then the valve is closed farther
and readings are again taken. This method is continued
until the last set of readings is taken with the valve
tightly closed. This point is called the 'shut-off', and is
important in the selection of a motor for driving the
pump. Table I shows the data derived from a test on an
eight-inch pump.
Gallons Revolutions
per Head, Efficiency. Brake per
minute feet % horse-power minute
111.0 0.0 28.0 1420
400 114.0 30.0 38.0 1420
800 114.0 52.0 44.5 1420
1200 110.5 65.5 51.0 1420
1600 102.0 72.5 56.5 1420
1800 95.0 73.2 58.5 1420
2000 86.0 72.5 60.0 1420
2200 76.5 70.0 61.0 1420
These results are plotted in Fig. 8. The highest point
on the head-curve is 114 ft. Therefore, the pump will not
deliver against a greater head. The maximum that the
pump will deliver is about 2400 g.p.m., but, as will be
observed on the chart, the head at this capacity would be
zero. With the discharge-valve closed, the usual condi-
tion when starting a centrifugal pump, the shut-off
horse-power is 28 and the head developed is 111 ft. The
highest efficiency, 73.2%, is reached at a head of 95 ft.
At this point the discharge is 1800 g.p.m. and 58.5 hp. is
required. This is the service for which the pump is de-
signed. However, the efficiency-curve is rather flat near
this point, so that changing the head (with a correspond-
ing change in delivery) through a moderate range would
reduce the efficiency but little.
The static head against which the pump works is 80
ft. as marked by the horizontal line on the chart. The
friction-head, which varies approximately as the square
of the velocity of flow, or as the square of delivery in
gallons per minute, is shown by the curved dotted line.
The friction-head curve is so placed that any point on it
gives the total head on the head-scale. Of course these
two lines are independent of any characteristic of the
pump. For this reason the point of intersection of the
head-characteristic and friction-head curves gives the
limit of capacity of the pump, approximately 1950 g.p.m ,
unless the head is reduced to zero, in which case the dis-
charge will be 2400 gallons per minute.
If the pump is to be used for a lower head than that
for which it was designed, care should be taken that the
motor is not subjected to an excessive overload. At the
point of maximum efficiency the required horse-power is
58.5. The maximum load that could be thrown on the
motor is 61 hp. at zero-head. There is no danger of a
serious overload here. But suppose that the pump was to
discharge 600 g.p.m. The head would then be about
114 ft. and the brake horse-power about 40. The effi-
ciency would be too low for real working conditions, but
this serves as an illustration. Let a 40-hp. motor be
used to drive the pump. Should the pipe break close to
the pump and the head be reduced to zero, the discharge
would increase to 2400 g.p.m. and the power required
would be 61 hp. This would mean a 53% overload on
no
100
-*
aJ
~ȣ-
l_
30
*>£
'w Head-Curve
1
Fnc
fion-
Head_
=&r
t S^
• — ■
or-
fiO
$tatir.
Head
D
■-.
* — .
^
B
40 5
20
40$
40
rf£S)<^Jf2££-
HZ—
*
?»ti
?0~~
<K
/
/
<=>
1
1
1
is
1
!
Gallons per Minute
Fig. a
the motor, which, if continued, would probably burn it
out. The importance of using a pump under the condi-
tions for which it was designed is apparent.
The effect of reducing the capacity of a centrifugal
pump by throttling will now be discussed. In Fig. 8 the
conditions of maximum efficiency are: discharge, 1800
g.p.m. ; head, 95 ft. ; brake horse-power, 58.5 ; and effi-
ciency, 73.2%. If the capacity is reduced by throttling
to 1200 g. p. m. what will be the result, considering the
head as all static ? From the data of the test the pump,
when throttled to 1200 g.p.m., will .develop a head of
110.5 ft., will use 51 hp., and will have an efficiency of
65.5%. However, this is not the useful efficiency as will
now be shown. The useful or actual head remains con-
stant at 95 ft., consequently throttling has developed an
artificial head of 110.5-95 = 15.5 ft., as a result of the
friction of the water passing the throttling-valve. The
1200 X 95
power to lift the water is 3960 — =28.8 hp., but the
pump requires 51 hp. Therefore the useful efficiency is
28.5 -h 51 = 56.5%. instead of 65.5%. Throttling pro-
duces an artificial head and its effect on the useful effi-
ciency of the pump should be understood to avoid mis-
takes in operation. It is true that throttling also reduces
the power required, in this example from 58.5 to 51, but
the useful efficiency is not 65.5% l as it would be if the
pump were discharging 1200 g.p.m. against a total static
head of 110.5 ft. with no throttling.
Suppose the original head of 95 ft. to be made up as
follows: static head 50 ft. and friction-head 45 ft. The
new capacity is to be 1200 g.p.m. as before. The fric-
tion-head varies approximately as the square of the veloc-
86
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PrfESS
July 17, 1920
ity, and so may be taken as varying with the square of
the capacity since the velocity is directly proportional to
the capacity. The new friction-head developed by throt-
1200
tling is, therefore,
1800=
X 45 = 20 ft., and the new
The wasted head is
1200 x 70
3960
total head is 50 + 20 = 70 ft.
110.5 - 70 = 40.5 ft. The water horse-power is
= 21.2, but 51 hp. is required to operate the pump. The
useful efficiency is 21.2-4-51 = 41.6%. This makes it
plain that more efficient results are obtained when the
head is nearly all static than when it is largely friction-
head. Throttling may be used where the capacity is to
be reduced, but the speed of the driving motor cannot be
changed. A permanent reduction in capacity is more
efficiently obtained by reducing the speed of the pump,
provided the new speed is suited to the prime mover.
Let it be required to reduce the capacity of the pump,
under the original conditions, from 1800 g.p.m., to 1200
g.p.m. by changing the speed. The problem is one of
constructing a new set of curves from the old ones with
the aid of the relations between speed, power, head, and
capacity. In Pig. 8 determine the point C" correspond-
ing to 1200-g.p.m. discharge and 95-ft. head. This is a
point on the new head-curve. Draw the curve through
this point parallel to the old head-curve. To determine
the new speed the cut-and-try method must be used until
a point is found that falls on the new curve. Assume
1338 r.p.m. as the speed. The corresponding new capac-
ity and head are found as follows: New capacity is pro-
13 3 8
portional to the speed, so 1800 14 „ = 1695 g.p.m., the
new capacity. New head is proportional to the square of
133 8 2
the speed, so 95 jtjmS" = ^4-3 ft., the new head. This
point, A', falls approximately on the new head-curve,
consequently 1338 r.p.m. should give the desired dis-
charge, 1200 g.p.m. A number of such calculations are
usually necessary before a point is found that will fall
on the curve.
A new efficiency-curve may be drawn to be used in
connection with the new head-curve. Thus, points on the
original head-curve are selected and transformed into
points on the new one by using the two speeds as in the
problem just solved. The efficiencies corresponding to
the points on the original curve are transposed to a new
efficiency-curve by placing these respective values under
the corresponding points on the new head-curve and then
connecting them. In Fig. 8, A on the old head-curve
becomes A' on the new. B is the efficiency under A, so
this value is placed under A' and is a point on the new
efficiency-curve. As an alternative method, the point
C, through which the new head-curve was started, can
be transformed into a point on the original head-curve.
As C" corresponds to 1200-g.p.m. discharge and 95-ft.
head, the new capacity would be 1200 ~^ = 1273
g.p.m., and the new head would be 95 i||^ = 107.0+
ft. This gives the point C", which should fall on the
original head-curve. The efficiency, D, for this point is
also the efficiency under C" on the new curve. The value
is approximately 68%.
The brake horse-power for the point C" is „,. .„
= 42.4 hp. By making similar calculations for other
points a new horse-power curve can be constructed. Since
the brake horse-power for the throttled discharge of 1200
g.p.m. was 51, and the corresponding efficiency was
56.5%, there is a gain, both in power used and in effi-
ciency, by reducing the speed instead of throttling the
discharge, provided this lower speed can be efficiently
supplied by the prime mover operating the pump.
Testing Centrifugal Pumps. All large manufac-
turers of centrifugal pumps have their own testing labor-
atories, and each pump must be tested to determine its
characteristics and to learn whether it answers speci-
fications. Centrifugal pumps should be purchased under
a guarantee, the substance of which is often as follows:
' ' The efficiency of the pump under specified conditions of
head, capacity, and speed shall be clearly and definitely
guaranteed. The pump-builder shall conduct a test to
determine head-capacity, efficiency, and brake horse-
power characteristic curves, and a certified copy of this
test is to be furnished to purchaser".
The three points to be noted during a test are, total
head against which pump works, discharge in gallons per
minute, and power-input. The power-input is determined
by using a driving-motor which has been carefully cali-
brated, and whose efficiency is accurately known under
all conditions of operation. The total head is determined
by gauges placed in both suction and discharge-pipes.
The discharge is measured by a weir, a calibrated nozzle,
a Pitot tube, or by a Venturi meter.
Measurement of Head. A vacuum-gauge, or mercury
manometer, is placed in the suction-pipe about two
inches from the pump-flange. A pressure-gauge, or
mercury manometer, is placed at a similar point in the
discharge-pipe. The mercury manometer is sometimes
used up to pressures of 70 lb. per square inch, though a
pressure-gauge is more common. The suction-gauge is
usually a mercury manometer. Pressure in pounds on
the gauge is reduced to head in feet by multiplying by
2.31. Inches of mercury is converted into head in feet
by multiplying by 1.132. When used thus, the pressure-
gauge shows the static, friction, and velocity-heads in the
discharge-pipe and the suction-gauge gives the static lift,
friction-head, and head-loss due to entrance velocity in
the suction-pipe. The suction and pressure-heads should
be reduced to the axis of the pump-shaft as a basis for
computation. In Fig. 9, D is the distance between the
gauges, and should be added to the sum of the heads
just found. Thus, if the pressure-gauge indicates 40 lb.
per sq. in., the suction-gauge reads 20 in., and D is two
feet, the total head will be 40 X 2.31 + 20 Xl-132 + 2 j
=117.04 ft. In case the suction and discharge-pipes are
not of the same diameter, a correction must be made for
the difference in velocity in the two pipes. If the dis-
charge-pipe is smaller, the velocity in it is greater than
in the suction-pipe and the pump should be credited with
July IT. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
87
the difference. If the discharge-pipe is larger than the
■action, the pump should be debited with the difference
calculated in terms of velocity-head. Thus if the veloe-
tty-head in the discharge-pipe is 2.5 ft. and in the suc-
tion-pipe 1.5 ft. per second, the difference should be
added to the head jus determined above; consequently the
total head would be 117.04 -f 1 = 118.04 ft. The veloc-
ity-head is V'-~2g, where V is the velocity in feet per
second. In a centrifugal pump the water must have high
velocity through the easing to obtain high efficiency so
that the size of the opening of a properly designed pump
is not always the best size for the discharge-pipe. The
friction-head developed by the flow of water through the
pipe, bends, and valves is the governing factor in select-
ing the proper size of pipe. To prevent excessive fric-
tion-loss the velocity in the pipe is often limited to from
€ to 8 ft. per second.
Measurement of Discharge. The rectangular weir is
used for large flows of water, but the V-notch weir is
i — r-0 S9u f e
Fig. 10
Fig. II
more suitable for small quantities. For a rectangular
weir with end-contractions, the formula of Hamilton
Smith Jr. is as satisfactory as any.
<? = C2/3V2g Iff/'
where Q = cubic feet per second
L = length of weir in feet
H = head in feet
C = constant (see table below)
Table Showing Values of C
Hin
ieet 0.66
0.1 0.633
0.2 0.611
0.3 0.601
0.4 0.505
0.5 0.590
0.6 0.587
0.7 0.585
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Length of weir in feet
1
0.639
0.618
0.608
0.601
0.596
0.593
0.590
0.646
0.626
0.616
0.609
0.605
0.601
0.598
0.595
0.592
0.590
0.585
0.580
3
0.652
0.630
0.619
0.613
0.608
0.605
0.603
0.600
0.598
0.595
0.591
0.587
0.582
5
653
631
621
615
611
608
606
604
603
601
597
594
591
For a V-notch weir, angle 90°, the formula
Q = 2.544 E i/2
where Q = cubic feet per second
7
0.654
0.632
0.623
0.617
0.613
0.611
0.609
0.607
0.606
0.604
0.601
0.598
0.595
is
10
0.655
0.633
0.624
0.618
0.615
0.613
0.612
0.611
0.609
0.608
0.605
0.602
0.600
// = head in [eel
Where the rectangular weir is used the edge should be
of thin iron plate, sharply beveled. The depth of the
water, a in Pig. 11. should not be less than one-third the
length of the weir. The height of the water mi the crest.
//. should be carefully measured by a hook gauge at a
point several feet up-stream, where the water is quiet and
its surface level. Free access of air should be allowed
under the stream as it falls from the weir.
In the displacement method, the water is pumped into
a tank or reservoir where the volume can be accurately
measured. This is an accurate method if the rise of the
water during the test is sufficient to obviate small errors
in measurement.
The nozzle and Pitot-tube method of measurement is
reliable if a correctly shaped nozzle is used. The nozzle
should be placed at the end of a straight section of pipe
to obtain a smooth jet. The velocity-head may be meas-
ured by a column of water or of mercury. If the head, I,
indicated by the tube is in feet of water, the velocity of
the water leaving the nozzle in feet per second is ob-
tained from the equation V = V 2(/ /. If the diameter
of the nozzle is d inches the theoretical flow through the
nozzle in gallons per minute is 19.63 dr yi. The actual
flow through a well designed nozzle is from 98 to 99% of
the theoretical flow. Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of
nozzle and Pitot tube. The head produced must be
measured from the level of the outlet of the nozzle.
Centrifugal pumps may be divided into two classes,
low-lift and high-lift pumps. Low-lift pumps are gener-
ally of the volute type, and are designed to work against
heads up to 150 ft. The pump-casing is in the form of a
spiral or volute curve and serves to guide the water from
the impeller into the discharge-pipe in such manner that
the velocity-head is gradually converted into pressure-
head. High-lift pumps are commonly known as turbine
pumps. The impeller is surrounded by a circular diffuser
with vanes so arranged as to offer gradually enlarging
passages to the water. In this way the velocity of the
water as it leaves the impeller is converted into pressure.
These pumps are used for high heads. Single impellers
can be made to work against a head of 350 ft., or even
greater, but it is not usual to find pumps with single
impellers working against more than 150 ft. High heads
are obtained in multistage pumps or those which have
more than one impeller. Each impeller draws its suction
from the preceding one, and adds its increment of pres-
sure so that the final pressure is attained only in the last
stage. Pumps of the multistage type are made for heads
as high as 250 ft. per stage, but modern mine practice
indicates a tendency to keep the head per stage between
100 and 150 feet.
Theoretically there is no limit to the number of stages
that may operate in one casing, but there is a practical
limit that is imposed by the size of pump-shaft required.
This depends upon the distance between bearings and
the size of the casing. The number of stages in one cas-
ing is usually not more than four; sometimes six are
used. For high heads the pump is really a combination
88
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
of two separate multistage units working in series. Thus,
an eight-stage pump is made up of two four-stage pumps.
Separate centrifugal pumps, having the same capacity,
may be connected in series to pump water against a head
equivalent to the sum of the heads for which the pumps
were designed. However, there is danger of splitting the
casing of the second pump unless it is strong enough to
withstand the additional pressure to which it is subjected.
Motors for Centrifugal Pumps. The present prac-
tice of manufacturers is to rate motors nearly at their
maximum capacity. This means that motors Cannot be
operated at an appreciable overload without danger of
overheating. Where centrifugal pumps are to be motor-
driven it is imperative that the approximate power re-
quired by the pump be known beforehand and that the
possibility of any marked change in operating conditions
should be foreseen so that the motor selected will not be
subjected to dangerous overloading. Conservative aver-
age efficiencies of centrifugal pumps are given in the ac-
companying table. These figures can be used for esti-
mating the power requirements of pumps of good design.
Normal ratine:. Efficiency, single Efficiency. multi-
Size of gallons per stage ; head up stage pumps: head
pump, inches minute to 150 ft., % above 150 ft., %
2 100- 150 50 45
3 200- 350 55 50
4 400- 600 80 56
5 650- 900 65 62
6 950-1300 70 68
8 1500-1800 72 70
10 2000-3000 75 72
12 3500-4500 76 73
14 5000-6000 77 74
16 78 75
The horse-power required is found by dividing the
water horse-power by the efficiency of the pump. How-
ever, the motor selected should be one having from 10 to
12% higher rating than that calculated in order to take
care of wear in the pump, which reduces the efficiency,
and to meet the contingency of any small unlooked-for
increase in the power needed.
In general, centrifugal pumps are easily started. The
starting-power required is less than full operating-power,
and this has an important bearing on the type of motor
that can be used since the motor need not have a high
starting-torque. Centrifugal pumps are nearly always
started with the discharge-valve closed. Starting condi-
tions are, therefore, the 'shut-off' conditions as described
above. The power required at 'shut-off' is found from
the pump curves. In Fig. 5, 6, and 7 the starting-power
is given in percentages of power required under normal
operating conditions. The percentages are 47, 36, and
24 respectively. Should a motor be of such design that
its starting-torque was just sufficient to start the pump
of Fig. 7, 'shut-off' power being 24% of full operating-
power, the motor would be unable to start the pump of
Fig. 6 which requires 36% of full power for starting.
In some pumps the 'shut-off' may be as much as 70% of
the full operating horse-power. If a pump is started
with the discharge-valve open the motor has to come up
to full power at the same time that it comes up to full
speed, which means that the motor must be thrown onto
the line at full rating instead of at only a fraction. Some
squirrel-cage motors, used under such a condition, have
had their coils loosened by the heavy surges of current
caused in this way. The motors that are suitable for
driving centrifugal pumps are the squirrel-cage induc-
tion motor, the slip-ring induction motor, the synchro-
nous motor and, in some cases, the direct-current motor.
The squirrel-cage motor is most commonly used for
driving centrifugal pumps. Because of its simplicity,
this type is used for nearly all small and medium-sized
pumps. It is inherently a motor of low starting-torque
and relatively large starting-current. The average
squirrel-cage motor, if thrown directly on the line, takes
from four to eight times normal current. Only in the
case of small machines, 5 lip. and under, can the motor
be thrown directly onto the line, as the rush of current
resulting would cause too great fluctuations in voltage,
excessive demand of current of low power-factor on the
generating-station, and dangerous shocks to both pump
and motor. There is a definite limit to the starting-torque
that this motor can develop. The starting-torque varies
from 100 to 150% of full-load torque for full voltage,
and inversely as the square of the normal applied voltage.
For motors of large size some form of starting-com-
pensator is always used to reduce the starting-voltage.
If this voltage is greatly reduced the starting-torque may
be low. A reduction of only one-half in current would
make the starting-torque one-quarter that of full-load
torque. Motors of 150 hp., or even less, are generally of
the slip-ring induction type. Such motors have the abil-
ity to start smoothly against a large load and draw rela-
tively small current from the line, thus minimizing fluc-
tuations and the danger of shocks to motor and pump.
Synchronous motors, especially of the self-starting
type, are quite suitable for centrifugal-pump drives in
cases where large-sized pumps are to be operated con-
tinuously over long periods. The self-starting synchro-
nous motor has auxiliary windings imbedded in its field-
poles. Bars are placed in the pole-faces and are con-
nected by rings, so that for starting conditions resemble
those of the squirrel-cage motor. When it has attained
full running speed as an induction motor it must be
pulled into step or synchronous speed, after which it
operates as a synchronous motor. A motor of this type
can have a higher starting-torque than a squirrel-cage
induction motor because a high starting-torque for a
squirrel-cage motor means comparatively poor efficiency
at full speed. The synchronous motor drops the induc-
tion-motor characteristics as soon as it is at synchronous
speed. Once up to this speed, the motor will run at con-
stant speed independent of the voltage of the supply as
long as it is within the limits of the pull-out torque.
Most synchronous motors will carry an overload of 200
to 300%, and, consequently, will continue to operate a
centrifugal pump at full speed although the supply-
voltage should drop to a point where there would be con-
siderable drop in speed if an induction-motor were being
used. A great advantage of the synchronous motor is
that it can be adjusted to give a power-factor that will
have a correcting effect on a bad power-factor in the
supply-line. For this reason it is well adapted to heavy
July IT, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
89
duty where fluct nations of load would ordinarily pro-_
duce a low power-factor in an induction motor. How-
ever, the synchronous motor is more costly than the in-
duction type and is not to be recommended except in
large sizes, say of 150 hp. or more.
The induction and synchronous motors are essentially
constant-speed motors, and the speeds are limited by the
cycles used and the number of poles on the machines. If
only direct current is available, or if speed-adjustment,
is necessary, as in the case of a centrifugal pump that
must operate against different heads, the direct-current
motor is useful. The motors are either of the shunt or
compound-wound type, depending upon the condition of
voltage in the supply-line. There is less variation in
speed due to irregular voltage in a compound motor than
in a shunt-wound motor. A direct-current motor will
run at a lower speed when cold than when hot, because
of the lesser resistance in the field- windings when they
are cold. From two to six hours is usually required for
the shunt-fields to attain normal operating temperature,
depending upon the size and characteristics of the motor.
During the time of heating the motor will operate below
normal speed and the capacity of the pump will be re-
duced. In one case a pump did not deliver any water
until the motor was up to full speed. The special field
for direct-current motors for driving centrifugal pumps
is city water-works, where water at constant head must
be pumped in varying amounts. High pressure can be
obtained for fire purposes. Direct-current motors have
a high starting-torque and a more efficient method of
speed-variation than either induction or synchronous
motors.*
I 'Baking' Gold Ore
An interesting and successful method of treating the
ore from the Connemara mine in Rhodesia is outlined in
a communication to the Chemical, Metallurgical and
Mining Society of South Africa by B. L. Gardiner. Mr.
Gardiner sets forth the essential principles involved in a
process which, for the sake of a better name, has been
termed the 'baking process', and which consists merely
fin subjecting the ore to the action of heat preparatory to
treatment by cyanide. It differs from the ordinary
roasting process, in that the degree of temperature to
which the ore is raised is much lower than that necessary
for the roasting, and, further, that the presence of air
or oxygen is in no way essential to its success, the appli-
*I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the DeLaval
Steam Turbine Co. and to the Goulds Manufacturing Co.
both in regard to their catalogues and to private communi-
cations. The following articles have also been used as
sources of information:
'Horse-Power Requirements of Centrifugal Pumps.' T. M.
Heermans, 'Power', May 20, 1919.
'Induction Motors for Driving Centrifugal Pumps.' Fraser
Jeffrey, 'Power', August 26, 1919.
'Direct-Current Motors for Driving Centrifugal Pumps'.
Nathan Wilkinson, 'Power', December 16, 1919.
'Synchronous Motors for Driving Centrifugal Pumps.' S.
H. Mortensen, 'Power', January 20, 1920.
cation of a certain amount of heat being all that is
necessary. The net result of the introduction of the
baking system at the Connemara mine has been to in-
crease the extraction from 68 to 86%, with little or no
increase in the working costs. The ore belongs to the
class known in Rhodesia as banded ironstone, and at
present only the upper oxidized portions of the lodes are
being worked, and it is only to this oxidized ore that the
scheme applies. Besides the silica and iron oxides which
make up the bulk of the ore, qualitative analysis shows
the presence of combined water, magnesia, and sulphates.
The original plant consisted of twenty 1250-lb. gravity
stamps and one 5-ft. Chilean mill as crushing units, fol-
lowed by sand-leaching and slime-decantation plants, the
gold being recovered by amalgamation on copper plates
and by precipitation on zinc shavings from the cyanide
solutions. The best results were obtained by using 200-
mesh screens on the mill. The average results over a
period of 12 months were : 4000 to 4600 tons per month
treated, 67.9% extraction. Re-treatment of the residues
failed to recover further gold, and laboratory tests merely
tended to show that the plant was doing all that could
be expected of it. Without the addition of lime there
is an excessive consumption of cyanide, and this has been
attributed to the action of ferric sulphate or basic iron
sulphates. The consumption of lime is high, being from
6 to 8 lb. per ton of CaO.
The tubular drier was then designed and constructed.
So far only the fine, eliminated after the rock-breaker,
has been subjected to baking, the balance of the ore going
through the ordinary process of milling ore, amalgamat-
ing and cyaniding. The separation of the fine and coarse
is done on a shaking screen provided with l|-in. aper-
tures. It is estimated that the fine ore passes through
the drier in 30 minutes. The time of treatment in the
cyanide vats averages ten days, and the total weight of
solution is at least 1 J times that of the ore treated. The
consumption of lime on the baked ore amounts to 10 to
12 lb. per ton in terms of CaO. The fine ore in mass has
the appearance of rather coarse gravel, some of the lumps
being as large as walnuts, then grading downward. A
liberal estimate of the average cost is about ls.lOd. per
ton for the actual roasting, and including transport to and
from the drier to about 2s.2d. per ton. The ore contains
considerable proportions of hydrated oxides of iron, and
when it is heated appreciable quantities of water are
given off. This water, it must be understood, is not pres-
ent as moisture, since it will not be driven off in a water
bath at 100°C, but requires a somewhat higher tempera-
ture, and it is evident that it exists in the ore as water
of combination. Mr. Gardiner concludes by saying : "As
a process likely to be applicable to the generality of gold
ores, baking is not likely to hold a very important place,
as its success depends upon an unusual peculiarity. At
the same time there may be other ores of a similar nature,
and with such as these the baking process may find a
beneficial application."
Two dredges shipped from Alaska by the Yukon Gold
Co. have reached Siam to be used in mining tin.
90
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
Lead- Smelting Practice at Port Pirie, South Australia
By GILBERT RIGG
*In the present paper I wish to offer some account of
the advances in metallurgical practice which have been
made at the plant of the Broken Hill Associated Smelters
Proprietary, Ltd., at Port Pirie, South Australia, during
the past four years. I do not propose to enter into a de-
tailed description of the plant itself for two reasons. In
the first place there is still a good deal of reconstruction
in progress and to be accomplished, so that auy detailed
description would be out of date in a year or two, and in
the second place, in general it follows the usual lines of
plants carrying out the roast-sintering and blast-furnace
treatment of galena concentrate, with subsequent, refining
of the bullion. Specific references to equipment will
therefore only be made in so far as they are necessary to
make clear the operating methods.
Early in 1916, it had become evident that considerable
improvement both in plant and in practice had become
highly desirable, and that serious experimental work on
a large scale was necessary in order to provide data on
which such improvements could be most economically
carried out. The roasting operation was neither as thor-
ough nor as efficient as could be wished, and this of course
reflected seriously on the blast-furnace operations, which
were giving a good deal of trouble. The increasing pro-
portion of the very finely divided flotation concentrate
(or slime concentrate as it is commonly called) was in
part responsible for this, as at that time its treatment was
not properly understood ; but the roasting practice, as a
whole, needed a thorough revision, as until that was set
in order good results could hardly be expected. It was on
this department, therefore, that our attention was first
concentrated.
The lead-sulphide concentrates of Broken Hill are
divided into two classes, namely, granular concentrate
(from jigs and tables) and slime concentrate (from the
flotation-plants). The general average composition of
these two classes is as follows :
Granular Slime
concentrate concentrate
% %
Lead :.. 63.0 57.0
Zinc 7.0 11.0
Iron 1
I 4.7 4.3
Manganese!
Sulphur 14.5 1S.0
Lime 1.5 1.5
Alumina 1.5 1.0
Silica . . . '. 5.0 3.5
A large proportion of the slime concentrate will pass-
through a 200-mesh screen.
These concentrates were formerly roasted in two differ-
ent ways.
*A paper discussed at a meeting of the Institution of
Mining and Metallurgy on May 20, 1920.
According to the first method, a mixture of the two
grades, with a proportion of oxidized lead ore, mainly
silicate, and also limestone and ironstone, was partly
roasted in Ropp reverberatory roasters, after which the
partly roasted ore was transferred to Huntington-Heber-
lein pots and the sulphur brought down as low as pos-
sible there.
According to the second method, the mixture was pass-
ed over a Dwight-Lloyd machine, operating as a pre-
roaster, and the partly roasted sinter was crushed and
passed over a second Dwight-Lloyd machine, where the
elimination of the sulphur was carried as far as possible,
this latter machine being the counterpart of the Hunting-
ton-Heberlein pot in the first method.
The first process gave the best results, the product from
the second being uniformly poor; 5% sulphur in the final
sinter was quite common, and the sinter lacked strength.
Its behavior in the blast-furnaces was unsatisfactory.
The Ropp roasters on the other hand took up a great deal
of room and the combination of these reverberatories and
Huntington-Heberlein pots did not seem to offer the same
scope for economy as the double treatment with the
Dwight-Lloyd machines.
Finally, while the product worked better in the blast-
furnaces than the Dwight-Lloyd product it was not as
good as we wanted. The final results of the investigation
into the double Dwight-Lloyd method showed that at the
outset we have been laboring under three serious miscon-
ceptions. These were :
(1) That the sulphur that is combined with the zinc is
more difficult to roast-off than that combined with the
lead.
(2) That the presence of coarse pieces of flux or pre-
roast sinter are necessary in the charge in order to 'open
up the bed'.
(3) That the slime is intrinsically more difficult to
roast than the granular concentrate.
The first of these hypotheses received a rude shock
when our attempts to blast-roast pre-roasted zinc concen-
trate carrying 48% zinc, came to successful fruition in
1917. Some data concerning recent developments of this
method are given subsequently in this paper. At that time,
however, our results showed that zinc concentrate of the
above zinc content, that had been pre-roasted to 9%, sul-
phur, could be rapidly roasted on a Dwight-Lloyd ma-
chine to 1% sulphur. Under these circumstances the re-
luctance of a charge carrying only 3% sulphur combined
with zinc to roast to below 5% sulphur clearly needed
some other explanation, and the zinc excuse was dropped,
although I think I am safe in saying that the majority of
lead metallurgists at that time would have concurred in
it. As a matter of fact, if zinc does cause trouble it is
due to the rapid evolution of heat which its roasting occa-
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
91
sinus, this causing a tendency to fuse the galena. I do
not believe, however, thai this is sufficient to cause ap-
preciable trouble.
Our second fallacy, namely, t lint the presence of coarse
(4 to f-in. ) pieces of ironstone or limestone or sintered
Barge are necessary to render the charge on the machine
• arvious to the blast, met a similar fate. This also may be
reckoned as a common belief, or was at that time, but as a
matter of fact it is not true. The shrinkage of the finer
part, of the charge around these coarse pieces certainly
does open fissures in the neighborhood, and allows the
blast to pass, hut these openings are localized and render
tile distribution of the blast through the charge uneven.
that the air passes readily between them, and by diffusion
reaches the inside of the aggregate and roasts it through.
It is quite evident that pieces of free lime in the sinter
have done no work during the roasting, and in conse-
quence arc wasted, besides taking up room on the ma-
chine to no purpose. Further, the crushing of the stone
was an expense, and we lacked crushing capacity, and at
the same time we had at our disposal a range of sand-hills
composed of limestone sand (through 40 mesh), which
was cheaper to obtain than quarrying solid limestone and,
of course, needed no crushing. Our experiments were
therefore directed to the substitution of limestone sand
for crushed limestone in the roaster-charge, and the re-
THE SMELTER AT PORT PIRIE
In the case of the limestone, the coarser pieces are to be
iund embedded in the sinter, altered only on the sur-
'ace, the bulk of the piece being simply burnt to lime.
These pieces slake on exposure to the air, and cause
jrumbling of the sinter in consequence, which is really
mdoing the work done during sintering to a considerable
stent.
As a matter of fact the notion that the air-blast finds
ts way downward between the particles of a finely di-
vided (through 40 mesh) charge is wrong. It is quite
mpossible to roast such a charge dry, because the spaces
>etween adjacent grains of ore are so small that too much
esistance is offered to the air passing through. The
'olume of air drawn through is in consequence too small
o carry on the roasting operation. By damping the
barge the particles cohere into larger or smaller aggre-
gates, and by proper mixing and handling these aggre-
;ates can be obtained of such a shape and size of grain,
suits corresponded with what would be expected if the
foregoing conclusions were true. The charges worked
more evenly, and the final sinter stood up much better
when exposed to the weather.
The reduction in size of the ironstone to correspond
with the limestone sand was not possible. In the first
place we had not the crushing equipment necessary to re-
duce all the ironstone to pass 40 mesh, and in the second
place we were dealing with a hard ironstone, the crushing
of which would probably have been more costly than the
advantage to be derived warranted. With no limestone to
be crushed, however, we were able to crush all the iron-
stone through four mesh, which gave us distinctly better
results, and later a further improvement, which enabled
us to eliminate ironstone altogether from the charge,
finally disposed of this problem. In the meantime the
following experiment indicated clearly that our coarse
ironstone was only a passenger.
92
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
Crushed through 4 mesh, the ironstone yielded a prod-
uct of which 70% would pass through 8 mesh. A charge
made up in the ordinary way was screened on an 8-mesh
screen before going to the Dwight-Lloyd machine, thus
eliminating all ironstone coarser than 8 mesh, and pro-
portionately reducing the percentage of ironstone in the
charge, as all the other constituents were fine enough to
pass readily through the 8-mesh screen.
This screened charge roasted just as well as the charge
containing the whole of the ironstone. On the other hand
it was impossible to get good results when the percentage
of limestone in the charge screened through 4 mesh was
brought down to the same point. The coarse ironstone
was obviously therefore not paying for itself.
Just how much of the work done by these added agents
is physical and how much is chemical it is hard to say.
They act as cooling agents, preventing premature fusion
which would lock up sulphides in the fused charge, be-
cause they dilute the sulphides which furnish the fuel,
and similarly absorb some of the heat produced. They
also appear to have some catalytic action which facilitates
the oxidation of the sulphides. "We are preparing to make
a; close study of the actual sequence of operations in the
laboratory and try to ascertain as nearly as possible the
exact part which each of the constituents plays.
Much the same line of argument holds good as regards
the size of the material which has passed through the in-
termediate crushing between the first and second roasting
on the Dwight-Lloyd machines. The foreman in charge
of the machines used to hold that the better the ore was
roasted (that is, the lower the sulphur content was re-
duced) on the pre-roasting machines, the higher the sul-
phur content of the final sinter. This sounded absurd,
but it had nevertheless a substantial substratum of truth.
The better the pre-roast the harder and more sintered the
material, and hence the greater the proportion of coarse
material after passing through the rolls, that is, material
up to f-in. size. This coarse stuff upset the roasting on
the final machines, and gave rise to the belief referred to
above. By keeping the size of the pre-roasted material
smaller than \ in. this difficulty may be avoided.
As regards the prejudice against slime concentrate, this
depended partly on the poor results which had been ob-
tained in the past, and partly on a priori considerations
based on its exceedingly fine state of division. As a
matter of fact, as this slime concentrate is always obtained
wet, and is subsequently dried, it is usually in the form of
lumps and cakes, which, if they can be brought down to a
size which will enable them to roast, without disintegrat-
ing too much, so as to bring them back to fine powder,
behave perfectly well on the machines.
As mentioned before, it is necessary to damp the
charge, and this naturally weakens the pieces of caked
slime, and helps them to disintegrate into their original
fine state. If now the charge is vigorously stirred the dis-
integrated material works between the granules of the
charge and fills up the spaces. On the other hand, if the
lumps of slime are too coarse, the air cannot reach the
inside.
Originally the charges were mixed and conveyed to the
machines by interrupted-flight screw-conveyors, which
were driven fast, and had a strong disintegrating action.
These were taken out and belt-conveyors installed instead.
In the meantime a set of bins had been erected for the
different constituents of the charge, the bins delivering
by belts to a main conveyor-belt, the different materials
being therefore distributed in thin superposed layers on
this belt. Provision was also made for breaking up the
coarse lumps of slime. The conveyor-belt delivered into
an elevator, and this in turn to belt-conveyors that dis-
tributed the charge to the feed-hoppers over the ma-
chines. These hoppers delivered to short conveyor-belts
which fed the machines as described above. The damp-
ing of the charge takes place during transit from bins to
machines.
This system of mixing proved quite successful. The
constituents of the charge were sufficiently blended and
the slime granules remained so far undisintegrated that
the charge remained evenly open. A gratifying feature
of this improved distribution of the charge on the ma-
chine was the evenness of the roasting mass. Blow-holes
and other irregularities became more and more rare, and
with this came a substantial diminution in the amount of
metal lost by volatilization. In the roaster-charge there
is always more or less of a roast reaction going on with
production of metallic lead and a lead-sulphate fume. The
more even conditions can be kept on the machine the more
easy it is to control this, and consequently loss by volatil-
ization has sunk to less than 1% of the lead on the pre-
roasting machines.
The next step was the elimination of the Kopp roasters,
Dwight-Lloyd machines being used to pre-roast for the
Huntington-Heberlein pots. The same precautions were
used in both cases, and the work correspondingly im-
proved. At this stage, then, the roasting of the concen-
trate had become considerably simplified, the practice
being :
(1) All concentrate pre-roasted on Dwight-Lloyd ma-
chines.
(2) All pre-roasted material crushed and the roasting
finished either on another set of Dwight-Lloyd machines
or in Huntington-Heberlein pots.
The following figures will serve to illustrate the prac-
tice which we had reached at this stage :
■ Average composition of charge to pre-roasters :
%
Granular concentrate 49.0
Slime concentrate IS. 5
Silicious ore 12.0
Limestone 6.0
Ironstone 14.5
This charge after complete roasting gave a sinter, of
which the following is an average analysis :
%
Lead 44 to 45
Zinc 5 " 6
Silica 9 " 10
Ferrous oxide 16 " 18
Manganese oxide 3 " 4
Lime 4 " 5
Sulphur 2 " 3
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
!i:j
In many respeota this sinter was satisfactory. Consid-
ering its high metallic content its sulphur was low. and it
gave good results on the lilast-furnaees. with DO additions
except a little limestone, particularly thai which was
finished on the Htintington-IIeberlein pots. That which
was finished on the Dwight-Lloyd machines was still
rather weak structurally. The output per machine was
good, the pre-roasting machines, which measured 21 ft.
by 3 ft. 6 in. over the wind-box, dealing with 130 tons of
concentrate per 24 hours.
There were, however, certain unsatisfactory features.
In the first place the ironstone added passed into the
blast-furnaee slag and became a total loss. So also did
the lime and the zinc, the percentage of the latter metal
in the slag being too low to render its recovery econom-
ical. Further, attempts to raise the lead content of the
work which has been done with a view to elucidate its con-
stitution will be described biter in this paper.
From the point of view of roasting, however, here was
B material earning silica, lime, and iron-oxide, all of
Which we were adding to our roaster-charges. From the
results obtained when trying out the different sizes of
material it looked as though these substances became
active when actually in a state of semi-fusion with the
sulphides in the charge. "Why, therefore, should not the
slag act as substitute? True, the zinc content of the
charge would rise owing to zinc brought into it in the
slag, and this might possibly upset the blast-furnace run-
ning. On the other hand, we had become by this time
pretty thoroughly convinced that zinc is only detrimental
when sulphur is present in serious amount, and we looked
to the slag to give us as good a roast in respect to sulphur-
THE PROPRIETARY MINE AND MILL AT BROKEN HILL
sinter were not successful, because it was not found possi-
ble to reduce sufficiently the percentage of sulphur in the
finished sinter if the lead were seriously increased. By
comparing the lead content of the sinter with that of the
concentrate given above, it will be seen that the dilution
is substantial. We were therefore on the lookout for some
way of getting over these drawbacks, and the application
of blast-furnace slag as an addition-agent in place of iron-
stone appeared to be worth trying.
The slag yielded by the blast-furnaces working on this
class of sinter is rather a curious product so far as com-
position goes, as the following analysis indicates :
%
Silica 21.0
Ferrous oxide 33.5
Manganese oxide 4.5
Lime 14.0
Zinc oxide 13.5
Lead 2.0
Silver 0.75 oz.
This highly basic mixture resisted all attempts to fit it
into a formula which would satisfy any of the silicates
usually postulated for lead blast-furnace slags, and the
elimination as the ironstone charge. In any case, if it did
not — that finished the matter. Lastly, we looked to the
slag to increase the strength of the Dwight-Lloyd sinter
owing to its fusibility.
Trials with crushed slag were a failure. The stuff was
hard to crush and gave us coarse pieces at one end of the
scale and powder at the other, neither of which was de-
sirable. Granulating the slag by pouring it into a stream
of water yielded a mass of granules, these granules being
much fissured and porous, and ranging from about 4, in.
diam. down to ^V i n -> the majority of the stuff being
around -J in. With this material we soon began to get
results. Encouraging results were obtained on the small
scale, and finally the following charge was sent to the
roasting-machines. The old charge is shown beside it for
comparison: glag QId
charge, % charge, %
Granulated concentrate 40.0 49.0
Slime concentrate 25.5 18.5
Silicious ore 10.0 12.0
Limestone sand 8.0 6.0
Ironstone 4.5 14.5
Granulated slag 10.0
94
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
This charge yielded a roasted sinter of the following
composition (the old sinter is shown again for com-
parison) :
Granulated Old
slag sinter, % sinter, %
Lead 44.5 44.5
Zinc 7.5 5.5
Silica 11.5 9.5
Ferrous oxide 12.0 16.5
Manganese oxide 3.5 3.5
Lime 5.5 4.5
Sulphur 2.5 2.5
The sulphur content in both eases is good. The zinc
has increased as was to be expected and the ferrous oxide
has decreased. The blast-furnace behaved well on this
sinter and we felt encouraged to go further. We ac-
cordingly changed to the following charge:
%
Granulated concentrate 47.0
Slime concentrate 27.5
Limestone sand 7.0
Ironstone '. 4.0
Slag 12.5
Sand (silica) 2.0
It will be noticed that no silicious ore was used, this
constituent being temporarily unavailable. The charge
roasted well and gave no trouble. The analysis of the
sinter showed :
Lead 47.5 to 48.5
Zinc 7.5
Silica S.O to 8.5
Ferrous oxide 13.0 to 14.0
Manganese oxide 3.0
Lime 5.5 to 6.0
Sulphur 2.5 to 3.0
The lead content went up without causing trouble and
later we had no difficulty in carrying it as high as 507c
The blast-furnaces behaved all right, the slag showing :
%
Silica 20.5
Ferrous oxide 30.0
Manganese oxide 4.5
Lime 12.0
Zinc oxide 19.0
Finally, the whole of the ironstone was taken off the
charge. No trouble followed, and the charge became
simply a mixture of ores, granulated slag, and about 7%
of limestone sand. All crushing of raw materials was
eliminated and the whole process simplified until a steady
practice has resulted with corresponding beneficial effect
on the blast-furnace operation which follows it.
Before leaving the subject of roasting, I should like to
refer briefly to our more recent work on the blast-roasting
of zinc concentrate. We were faced in 1917 with the
urgent need of quickly increasing our zinc-concentrate
roasting" capacity, while anything like prompt delivery of
roasting equipment was out pf the question.
Blast-roasting on Dwight-Lloyd machines or Hunting-
ton-Heberlein pots of Broken Hill zinc concentrates was
found to be out of the question owing to the high temper-
ature generated and the fusibility of the ore, which
caused it to melt and become impervious to the draft;
and having regard to the fact that the roasted ore was to
be treated in retorts no addition-agents were possible.
Finally, the problem was solved by pre-roasting the ore
from 30% sulphur to 9% in reverberatories, at which
point the heat generated on the blast-roaster is not suffi-
cient to cause fusion, and finishing on a Dwight-Lloyd
machine. The product is a dry crumbly sinter, readily
broken through a f-in. ring, at which size it is charged
into the retorts where it works excellently, the sulphur
content of the roasted ore being 1%. Recent work has
shown that the capacity of a reverberatory furnace roast-
ing our concentrate from 30% to 9% is rather more than
double its capacity when roasting to 2%. Further, that,
using a multiple-hearth muffled roaster, 5% of fuel is
ample to bring the ore down to 9% sulphur. The blast-
roaster requires not more than 1% of fuel to ignite the
charge. Hence the consumption of coal by this method is
reduced to a maximum of 6%. Further, an interesting
relation has been established between the different factors
concerned in roasting. These factors are three in num-
ber, namely :
( 1 ) Temperature.
(2) Time.
(3) Ventilation.
By 'ventilation' I mean the maintenance of contact
between the ore particles and the air. These factors are
more or less interdependent. For example, by increasing
the length of time a lower temperature can be used. Our
more recent work has shown that the factor of ventilation
is of enormous importance.
In blast-roasting the air is drawn directly through the
Charge, and in consequence has an excellent chance to
come in contact with the ore-particles. When roasting on
a hearth the air passes over the charge, and. in conse-
quence the contact between ore and air is poor, and the
interstices of the ore-charge are largely filled with a mix-
ture of sulphur di-oxide and nitrogen. This is to some
extent shaken out during stirring, but as the stirring
mechanism does not work in between the grains of ore the
effect is incomplete. Moreover sulphur di-oxide being a
dense gas has a low diffusion rate.
Consider first a furnace of the superposed-hearth type,
namely, the M. & H., having two sets of hearths measur-
ing 80 by 6 ft. The ore descends from hearth to hearth,
and in general not less than the last two hearths will
assist in eliminating the last 8 units of sulphur driven off.
The capacity of the furnace is 40 tons of ore per 24 hours
for the two sets of hearths. Consequently four hearths
out of the fourteen are concerned with the elimination of
the last 8 units of sulphur from 40 tons of ore. The
hearths measure 60 ft. net between drop holes. Hence
the total hearth area concerned in removing these 8 units
from 40 tons of ore is 60 by 6 ft. by 4 = 1440 sq. ft. 8%
of 40 tons = 7168 lb. sulphur. Hence amount of sulphur
roasted off per square foot of hearth per day is five
pounds.
The Dwight-Lloyd roaster we are using has an active
grate area over the wind-box of 16 ft. by 2 ft. 6 in. = 40
sq. ft. and roasts 60 tons of ore from 9% to 1% per 24
.lulv 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
95
hours. Hence the elimination of sulphur per Bquare foot
per 24 hours amounts to 270 lt>. This is a remarkable
result, mid illustrates strikingly the tremendous impor-
tance of the ventilation factor. The ore passes over the
machine in a layer from 4 to -H in. thick, and the time
required to eliminate eight units of sulphur is 14 minutes
as against 14 hours or mure Tor the M. & II. furnace,
I feel pretty well convinced that the future of zinc-
ixmcentrate roasting lies in a combination of multiple-
hearth pre-roasters and finishing blast-roasters. The
blast-furnace practice has undergone an evolution paral-
lel t<> that of the roasting, and for the proper understand-
ing of it some reference to the part played by zinc in lead
blast-furnace troubles is essential. About seven years
ago, I was engaged in an attempt to make use of a water-
jacket blast-furnace for the production of zinc-oxide from
low-grade zinc-carbonate and zinc-silicate ores. In the
early stages of the work, before the conditions under
which the zinc could be reduced and driven off from the
charge were understood, from 70 to 80% of tbe zinc
passed into tbe slag, which carried as much as 32% zinc
oxide. In spite of the evil reputation which zinc pos-
sessed for making slag viscous and sticky, this slag ran
perfectly and gave not the slightest trouble.
Zinc is only a trouble-maker when combined with sul-
phur. In the ore referred to in the preceding paragraph,
the sulphur content was less than 1%. But with tbe
high-sulphur sinters, which were the rale at Port Pirie
before the reform of tbe roasting-praetice, troubles due
to zinc were serious and frequent.
Briefly, tbe trouble caused by zinc in the presence of
sulphur is the formation of a ziney matte containing
about 14% of zinc. This matte is of a mushy consistence
and lends itself excellently to the building up of accre-
tions inside the furnace. There is considerable evidence
that it is soluble in the slag but separates out readily if
' the temperature falls. For example, it forms a crust on
the surface of the slag in the slag-pots, having apparently
separated from solution and come to the surface. Its con-
stitution and properties need more thorough study than
they have received in the past.
The introduction of slime concentrate into the charge
had increased the zinc content and at the same time, be-
fore the roasting of the slime had been properly worked
out, had brought up the sulphur content of the sinter
likewise. Hence conditions were well adapted for trouble
in the blast-furnaces. A rather curious practice had de-
veloped. Large bodies of old slag running lower in zinc
than tbe new slag were available on the dump. This ma-
terial was quarried and charged into the furnaces. Enor-
mous quantities w-ere used, the old slag being from one to
{two times the weight of the other constituents of the
charge. The furnaces were thus exposed to a tremendous
flushing action by this mass of molten material passing
through them, and in all probability, this slag also acted
by dissolving the zincy matte produced from the high-
sulphur sinter and carrying it out of the furnace.
This practice had several obvious drawbacks. In the
first place the cost of quarrying was an item of expense,
and the disposal of this great volume of slag was another.
Then again the melting of all this slag and its elevation
to the temperature of the furnace consumed a good deal
of coke, and the slag took up room in the furnace that
could be more profitably occupied by sinter.
On the other hand it was felt by all engaged on the
work that the true solution of the problem lay in the im-
provement of the roasting, and that no attempt should be
made to seek out remedies for the blast-furnace troubles
until sinter of reasonably low-sulphur content was avail-
able. As improvement in roasting continued, the blast-
furnace practice was modified until it became simplified
down to its present, form.
In the days of the returned-slag practice the charge
was a complex one. consisting of :
Dwight-Lloyd sinter,
Huntington-Heberlein sinter,
Ironstone,
Limestone,
Refinery-drosses,
Returned slag,
Slag shells.
The last, item is the slag which is frozen in the pots and
forms a shell or skull. The metal in the slag tends to con-
centrate in these shells and they are consequently re-
turned to the furnaces.
Since the introduction of granulated slag into the
roaster-charge the blast-furnace charge has become :
Dwight-Lloyd sinter,
Huntington-Heberlein sinter,
Refinery drosses,
Slag shells.
Tbe simplification is obvious. Tbe furnaces are hot,
run smoothly, and the slags are low in lead (1 to 2%).
The surface of the slag in the pots is free from any crust
of zincy matte.
In this connection it may be pointed out that the
Broken Hill ores contain less than 1% copper. Where
copper in oxidized form is added to the charge, its high
affinity for sulphur enables it to combine with this ele-
ment to forai an easily fusible matte which separates
readily from the slag, or, as the furnace-men say, the
copper cleans the slag. Where copper is present in serious
amount higher sulphur can be carried without trouble,
but with our ores 2.5% sulphur in a sinter carrying 45 to
50% lead is as much as can be allowed if perfectly smooth
running of the blast-furnaces is to be assured.
The slag presents some interesting problems. The fol-
lowing analyses show the composition of the slag when
ironstone to the extent of 14%, was used in the roaster-
charge, and again after granulated slag had been sub-
stituted for all the ironstone.
Ironstone, Granulated
% slag, %
Silica 21.0 24.2
Ferrous oxide 33.5 25.6
Manganese oxide 4.5 5.3
Lime 14.0 11.0
Zinc oxide 13.5 20.0
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
In addition we have another one made when furnaces
were running on a very zincy concentrate :
%
Silica 18-3
Ferrous oxide 20.3
Manganese oxide 4.9
Lime 90
Zinc oxide 31.8
The difference between the foregoing figures and 100
is accounted for by alumina 5 to 6%, lead 1 to 2%, and
sulphur 2 to 3%.
The ratios of bases to silica are for the three slags re-
spectively 2.7, 2.17, and 2.96. In the last example the
zinc oxide alone is more than sufficient to form with the
silica a metasilieate. A good deal of work has been done
on this slag with the object of working out its constitu-
tion. This is not yet complete but the results obtained
so far are of interest. Unfortunately there are no means
at our disposal for ascertaining the constitution of a slag
at the really interesting stage of its career, namely, while
it is still in the furnace. Once safely out of the furnace
its practical interest has largely departed. Still a certain
amount of information can be obtained from the frozen
material.
In thin slices under the microscope the slag is seen to
consist of two distinct mineralogical types, namely, a
clear and transparent ground-mass, with a black to
brown, opaque to translucent, scattered constituent. In
the former olivene (fayalite) and willemite (the ortho-
silicate of zinc ) are present. The brown mineral has been
provisionally determined as a zinc and iron-bearing
spinel or ferrite. Crystals of the green zinc-alumina
spinel are also present.
The evidence in favor of the presence of iron-bearing
spinel is as follows : In fine powder the slag is decidedly
magnetic, and if kept melted for some hours at a temper-
ature close to its melting-point it deposits a strongly mag-
netic mushy material. The natural ferrite or f ranklinite
is strongly magnetic. Its crystallization, though not very
distinct, is apparently octahedral. It is well known that
zinc ferrite is insoluble in dilute sulphuric acid. If the
powdered slag is subjected to treatment with a substan-
tial excess of this acid, only a part of the zinc is soluble,
the remainder being retained in the dark-colored insolu-
ble residue. Ferric oxide is present in the slag but its
determination is difficult owing to the reducing action of
sulphides in the slag.
In many cases the brown mineral is found in fine paral-
lel rods in the silicate base, these rods being oriented ac-
cording to the crystallization of the silicate ground mass
in which they are embedded. The appearance suggests
that they have been rejected from solution in the silicate
at the moment of freezing. It would appear that some
zinc oxide is present in solution also.
Provisionally then we regard the zinc as being dis-
tributed between the silica as a silicate and the iron as a
ferrite, and that while the slag is in the furnace the lat-
ter is probably in solution in the former; and moreover
that some part of the zinc is also in solution. That these
compounds are perfectly fluid at the temperature of the
furnace, the smooth operation is sufficient proof.
It is hoped that as a result of the experimental work
now going on we shall eventually be able to arrive at the
true constitution of the slag. There is no doubt that the
whole question of slags is worthy of more investigation
than it has hitherto received.
Before leaving this subject, the possibility of recover-
ing part of the zinc in the slag needs a few words. It
would appear that our slag in the future will carry about
20% of zinc oxide, if not more. I have already referred
to the fact that the earlier slags were too poor in zinc to
make the recovery of this metal worth while. With 20%
or more of zinc oxide, the question takes on a different
complexion, and I believe that a large part of this can
be economically recovered, either by blast-treatment or in
a reverberatory furnace.
Reference has been made, under the head of roasting,
to two types of sinter, namely, that made entirely on
Dwight-Lloyd machines and that made in Huntington-
Heberlein pots after pre-roasting on a Dwight-Lloyd ma-
chine. Just which of these methods will finally be used,
or whether both will be retained, is a question that can-
not be answered yet. The Huntington-Heberlein sinter
is still stronger than the Dwight-Lloyd, but less porous.
The Huntington-Heberlein is more massive and stands
rough-handling better. There seems to be little doubt
that the blast-furnaces run better on a mixture than on
Dwight-Lloyd alone, and, provided this is borne out by
further testing, it is probable that both methods will be
retained.
The foregoing covers the main elements in the develop-
ment of our roasting and smelting practice. In general,
we have moved along the line of simplification of methods,
and so far as our opportunities and abilities lay have
aimed to progress by way of making the best use of our
existing equipment rather than by radical changes in it.
In fact the great difficulty of obtaining supplies of this
kind practically forced us to adopt the lines we did.
There is just one point I wish to make in this connec-
tion. New processes and new appliances usually have the
advantage of the concentration of a great deal of energy
and trained brains on their development, while the older
methods have a tendency to degenerate into rule-of-
thumb practice. One sometimes asks oneself what would
happen to these older things if they were laid hold of and
studied with the some zeal that is devoted to the new
ones. So far as lead-smelting goes I do not think that
the last word has yet been said in regard to the method
of blast-roasting the ore and smelting the sinter in blast-
furnaces.
The owners of asbestos mines near Paotingfu. Peking
district, are seeking capital for the development of their
properties. It is said that if Americans do not evince
an interest the holders of the concessions will have to
turn to the Japanese for assistance. The available
monthly output is estimated at between 100 and 200
tons. Other deposits in the vicinity of Liangkochwang
are for sale. The samples shown have a fibre of good
length, of which about 30 tons monthly is available.
ti 17. i!l2ft
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
97
KE¥IE
^JfiJMg
- V'CNJSl
\,etf.tP>*-
ffSfegj!
IMING
Itlllllll'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIMllltl
Hlllllllllllllimilllll
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FIELD
iiiMtiiiMiititiiiniiiiiMiiiiMMnriiiiiiiiiiniMMiiiiiiiiiMnniiuiMMMniiiiiiniMiiniiiiiiiMnniirMiiMiiuiiiutiiiHiiiniiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiliiliiiiitiiiiiiiiiuiuuiiliiiiiw
COLORADO
I'RODCC "HON FROM CRIPPLE CREEK.
Cripple Creek. — Production during June from the
Cripple Creek district totaled 38,867 tons, average assay-
value $13; and gross bullion, $443,867. The Golden
Cyele mill at Colorado Springs reported treatment of
18,500 tons of $20 ore with value of $370,000. The Port-
land company's Independence mill at Victor treated
19,667 tons of an average value of $3.64, and the total
bullion amounted to $71,765. Samplers shipped 750
tons to smelters estimated at $75 per ton. The Portland
Gold Mining Co. has declared the regular quarterly divi-
dend of lie. per sfcare, payable July 20 to stock of record
July 13. This amounts to $45,000 and will bring the
total to $11,647,080.
The Wilson lease is again shipping from the Ingham
mine on Raven hill owned by the Doctor-Jack Pot Mining
< 'o. The ore is milling grade. A new and rich ore-shoot
has been opened on the 14th level of the Dexter mine on
the south slope of Bull hill, on the Trail property of the
United Gold Mines Co. by the leasing firm of Anderson
& Benkelman. The vein, 4 to 5 ft. wide, is reported
to carry rich ore. The extent of the shoot is not yet de-
termined. Ore will be shipped from the War Eagle
workings at the Moffat tunnel level, during the ensuing
week. The ore will be hoisted through the Blue Flag
shaft. Development at the 1200 and 1400-ft. levels of
the Blue Flag continues.
Dumps at the Index mine, Gold hill, are to be worked
over and screened. Ore saved will be shipped to the
Golden Cycle mill. Delay has arisen in starting up the
Gasche process mill of the Lincoln Mines & Reduction
Co., on Ironclad hill, because of the failure of the manu-
facturer to ship minor parts of machinery.
Idaho Springs. — Boston owners of the French Flag,
closed down whem Col. Ripley, the manager, entered the
coast-defense serriee during the War, are preparing to
resume operations. The Roosevelt Mining & Milling Co.
has resumed operations on its properties at Alice. The
Metals Mining & Leasing Co. has" installed machinery at
the Big Five tunnel and is cross-cutting to cut the ex-
tension of the Coinstock shoot on the Sheffer claim. The
Lincoln group is under development through the Big
'Five tunnel by B. F. Zalinger of New York, B. F.
Francis, and Denver associates. A flat vein 40 in. thick
and of good ore is reported opened up on the Virginia
B. oh Bellevue mountain.
Empire. — The Golden Empire Mining Co., that is op-
erating the Conqueror, Union, and General Harrison, in
North Empire, and the Tennessee, Denver City, and
Marshall-Russell groups on Covide mountain and Miller
gulch, and that controls a large group of some 200 claims
in the district, will shortly commence shipments. A
modern mill has been constructed and is turning out con-
centrate. Three other mills on the property are to be re-
modeled. Shipment of a good grade of ore mined by
lessees from the Bellevue-Hudson is being made regu-
larly. The leasing firm of Nrlson & Co. is shipping to
the Idaho Springs mill and Pueblo smelter of the Ameri-
can Smelting & Refining Co. from Silver Mountain prop-
erties.
Central City. — Denver operators have taken over the
Federal mine in Russell gulch under bond and lease and
are preparing to develop it. The shaft is 400 ft. deep
and produced rich ore when last operated. Water in the
Coaley shaft in Silver gulch has been lowered several
hundred feet. The shaft is 800 ft. deep and through long
inactivity is in such condition that it must be re-timbered.
The mine, now operated by the O. C. Reddick company,
was one of the first silver producers in Gilpin county.
MONTANA
BUTTE AND PLUTUS SHAFT CUTS WIDE VEIN OP SILVER ORE.
Butte. — Six feet of silver ore has been cut by the
Butte & Plutus company while sinking its shaft. The
discovery was made 250 ft. from the surface and is be-
lieved to be the Plutus main vein. Exploration of this
vein will be continued from the 300-ft. level. When the
shaft reaches the 400-ft. level, a cross-cut will be run
toward the Norwich claim to intersect the. south-dipping
Norwich vein. The orebody consists of silver sulphide
with a pink manganese gangue.
Cooke City. — A fleet of twenty 2 J-ton trucks is being
used to haul the ore from this district to Gardner for
shipment by rail. A temporary loading-station has been
constructed until permanent ore-bins are built. The Re-
public mines expect to ship 50 tons per day by truck.
W. E. Renshaw has charge of the development work for
the Republic interests.
Neihart. — W. D. Murphy and HI Westgard have
leased the Rochester mine from the Cascade Silver Mines
& Mills Co. for a period of six months. A steam-plant,
compressor, and other machinery have been installed to
speed-up development work. A promising vein has been
uncovered.
The Flohart Silver mines, which were closed down on
account of the O. B. U. strike for four weeks, resumed
98
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17. 1920
operations for one day, only to close down again the fol-
lowing day. The men had agreed to a< pt the terms of
the management, but the agitators succeeded in persuad-
ing them not to. The scale agreed to was as follows:
Blacksmiths, $6.50; compressor-men, $5.75; blacksmith
helpers. .$5.50; machine-men, $530; carpenters, $5.50;
shovelers, $5 ; and laborers, $5. The O. B. U. was not to
he recognized, and there was to be no discrimination.
Boulder. — High-grade copper ore has been found at
the Shields and Ironside mine at a depth of 800 ft. The
ore assays $42 per ton across the face of the vein. M. L.
Leydig of Helena holds the property under lease and
bond.
NEVADA
LOW-GRADE VEINS AT QUARTZ MOUNTAIN ARE TO BE
DEVELOPED.
Quaetz Mountain. — The Goldfield-Quartz Mountain
Mining Corporation has been organized to develop the
Bell group of eight gold claims at Quartz mountain, 12
miles west of Goldfleld. The purchase price is said to
have been between $10,000 and $15,000. The company
was financed in Los Angeles ami all of the officers are
Los Angeles men. Corrin Barnes of Goldfield is consult-
ing engineer. Air-drills will be used to extend a 160-ft.
tunnel 65 ft. to cut the vein at a depth of 140 ft. The
vein is 110 ft. wide, consisting of four bands: A 20-ft.
width of iron-stained porous quartz; 40 ft. of pumiceous
material ; 30 1't. of hard dense quartz ; and 20 ft. of iron-
stained material. The ore is in the iron-stained and
pumiceous hands, but pannings can lie secured over the
entire width of .the vein. The following assays were
secured: An 8-ft. width, $8; 18 ft., $17; 24 ft.. $5.20.
The gold, yellow and high-grade, is in flakes embedded in
quartz. The vein follows the general course of the Assur-
ing in the district. The outcrop is 1500 ft. long, conform-
ing to the curvature of the hill known as Quartz moun-
tain, and the silicification becomes less intense from the
top of the hill, the vein being composed of softer rock
where it disappears under the wash of the slopes. Mr.
Barnes says the surrounding formation is dacite and that
the hill is "an effusive mass of material similar to the
daeite and erupted at a slightly later time". He says it
probably is allied to the dacite yitrophyre of Ransome's
report on the Goldfield district. Some of the fissures are
large and show the result of displacement. Some are
completely filled with quartz and others are open, form-
ing crevices.
Tule Canyon. — A contract lias been let to sink 100
ft., from the present depth of, 150, the Silver Hills shaft
in Tule canyon. The Silver Hills is operating the Ingalls
mine under option. The company will pay $20 per foot
and furnish power. . . ,
Stonewall. — The Yellow Tiger, which is driving a
tunnel at Stonewall mountain, near Goldfield, has levied
assessment No: 2, at the rate of one cent per share, pay-
able immediately and delinquent August 7. The com-
pany collected $25,400 by assessment No. 1, levied De-
cember 8, 1019, and to June 15, $20,450 was spent, leav-
ing a balance of nearly $5000. There was spent for the
erection of buildings at the mine, for road-construction
and machinery $8300 ; a $3000 payment was made on the
Red Lion claims at Goldfield ; office, corporation, and ad-
ministration expense was $2600, and labor and supplies
cost $2400. The clearing of old accounts, prospecting at.
Goldfield. and the purchase of equipment for the tunnel
and a motor-truck made the expenses heavy.
Montezuma. — The Harmill has completed several
buildings on the Monitor claims and has built a road to
the shaft. A new hoist-house has been built and a 15-hp.
hoist is to be moved from Divide, which has become a
good field for the purchase of second-hand machinery, as
Goldfield long has been for houses. During the height
of the Divide boom there was never a day for months that
there was not a house on the road from Goldfield to
Divide and now all of them, except those at the Tonopah
Divide and a few other places, have little more value than
the claims on which they stand.
Tonopah. — The Tonopah Extension has moved 10
houses from Goldfield and has furnished them with mod-
ern conveniences. They will be rented to employees at
a low rate in an effort to solve the miner-shortage prob-
lem, which has become acute in some southern Nevada
districts. The labor turn-over in the smaller districts is
heavy and the shortage of good miners is felt keenly.
An engineer in charge of a dozen prospects in southern
districts complains that he cannot secure good miners and
says his experience in the last year leads him to believe
the 'mucker' is entering the class of the dodo.
Jungo. — Three leases have been let by the newly or-
ganized Pershing Lead-Silver Mines Co. on the claims
owned by the company at Jungo, in Pershing county,
three miles from Antelope on the "Western Pacific rail-
road. The Pershing Lead-Silver is sinking a shaft, now
40 ft. deep, in ore from a few inches to three feet wide
and assaying $35 to $40 in lead, silver, and gold. Jungo
is one of several districts in or near the Jackson range
that have attracted attention in recent months. The Man-
delay is sinking a shaft in silver-gold ore near the Per-
shing Lead-Silver. Work on a small scale for many years
in the Jackson range has resulted in promising copper.
gold, silver, and lead prospects, but important mines
have not resulted. Several carloads of high-grade silver-
sulphide ore have been shipped from the Mandalay and
small shipments of rich silver ore have been made from
the Duffner, 15 miles north of Jnngo. Twenty miles
from Jungo, at the southern end of the Jackson range,
the Craven company has shipped high-grade copper ore
and has concentrating ore blocked oiat to a depth of 200
feet.
Goldfield. — The Silver Pick has started shipping to
the Development mill at a rate of 25 tons of $15 to $18
ore daily. The shipments are being made from the 117-ft.
level. The cross-cut at a depth of 271 ft. will have to be
driven 80 ft. more to cut the same vein. All of this work
is being done in ground sub-leased fuoni the Development
mpany.
Tolicha. — A 10-ton pan-amalgaiiaation plant has been
July 17, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
99
started at Tolicha to test ore from the Landmark claims,
developed by Thomas Harnej of Chicago and asso-
nates. Two of four wide veins 5 to 20 ft. n ide have been
cut and tlic value and width of the ore, as reported un-
officially, indicates that a mine of much possibility is be-
insr developed. A tunnel is being driven and a 10-ft.
width of ore assaying more than $100 is reported in the
first vein out. A .'U-t't. width is said to assay more than
Mr. Harney, who makes his headquarters in Gold-
laid, lias consistently refused to make a statement re-
garding the mine until further work has been done.
UTAH
DIVIDENDS OF UTAH MINING COMPANIES.
Salt Lake City. In spite of unfavorable conditions,
the metal mines of Utah showed a gain in the amount of
dividend disbursements for the first six months of the
current j'ear, as compared with the same period for 1919.
amounting to $120,083. During the first half of 1919
the Bingham Mines Co. and the Ontario Silver company
paid dividends, whereas so far this year they have paid
none. The Daly-West, of Park City, has been added to
the list of dividend-payers this year, after a period of
seven years. The following table shows the disburse-
ments for the first half of 1920 and 1919 :
First half First half
of 1920 of 1919
Bingham Mines Co. (Bingham) . . . .$ $75,000
Chief. Con. Mining Co. (Tintic) ... . 176,846 169,004
Daly Mining Co. (Park City) 45,000 52,000
Daly-West (Park City) 100,000
Eagle & Blue Bell (Tintic) S9.314 44,657
Grand Central Mining Co. (Tintic) . 42.000 24,000
Iron Blossom Mining Co. (Tintic) . . 25.000 25,000
Judge M. ^ S. Co. (Park City) .... . 120,000 60,000
Ontario Silver (Park City) 75,000
Tintic Standard (Tintic) 234,540 187,952
Utah Copper Co. (Bingham) 4.S73.470 4,873,470
Total $5,706,171 $5,586,083
In addition to this, the American Smelting & Refining
Co. and the United States Smelting, Refining & Mining
Co., both with extensive interests in the State, have paid
dividends, part of which were earned in Utah.
Eureka. — In spite of the railway embargoes, lack of
miners, and unfavorable conditions that have prevailed
at various times during the first six months of 1920, ore
shipments from the Tintic district during that period
totalled 3537 cars, as against 3632 for the same period
in 1919, or a decrease of but 95 cars. Mining in this
district was started in 1870, or exactly a half-century
ago. The camp has been a steady producer during
all this period, and shipments today are at the rate of
about 600 cars per month. So far this year, five new
shippers have been added to the list of producers. Ore
shipments from the camp for the week ended July 3
totalled 148 cars, or one less than for the previous week.
Directors of the Chief C ona °lidated have declared a
dividend of 10c. per share, payable August 2 to stock-
holders of record July 10. This payment, the second
quarterly for the current year; will call for $88,423 and
will bring the grand total dividend disbursements by the
company up to $1,783,094, A new co-operative leasing
system is being tried oul by th rapany. Stopes of
liberal size are turned over to a group of miners on a
royalty basis, which ensures the company al t the same
amount of money thai could be realized under the old
system of 'company time' work, and at the same time
gives the men employed a chance Tor a greater return
for their labor. In a few places this plan is being tried
out. below the water-level, where three shifts are required,
and this means that as many as ten or twelve miners
share in the revenue derived from a single block of
NEVADA CON. PIT, COPPER PLAT, NEAR RUTH
ground. The regulations governing this system of leas-
ing require that every miner who works on the block be
interested, and when the work of any man becomes un-
satisfactory, his partners in the lease have the right to
vote him out and take in another miner. As the lessees
have not been to any expense in searching out the ore, or
in -putting it in shape for extraction, the company's roy-
alty charges are necessarily larger than usual, but even
so, there is more money to be made by. the lessees as extra
compensation for efficient work, over and above regular
daily wages.
The Tintic Standard company shipped 100 carloads of
ore in June, and this amount could be easily increased if
men were available. The mine could use at least 100 more
men. A part of the present output is from the deepest
level (1450 ft.) where a large deposit was opened recent-
ly. In the south end of the property, three headings are
io§
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
being driven, two on the 1200-ft. level and one on the
1000. One of the drifts on the 1200 is being sent over
toward the big stopes, principally to help ventilation, al-
though it should encounter ore. About 1200 ft. of work
remains before the connection is made. E. J. Raddatz,
president of the company, states that the claims of the
South Lily Co. have recently been purchased by the
Tintic Standard. The South Lily adjoins the Tintic
Standard on the south. Excellent progress is being made
on the new milling plant, and it is expected that the first
unit will be ready for operation by fall.
Park City. — Shipments for the first six months of 1920
were about 50% larger than for the corresponding period
of 1919, being 52,443 tons as against 35,368 tons. The
high price of silver during the early part of the current
year stimulated mining considerably, which accounts for
the increased production.
The Judge M. & S. Co. will open a company store that
will be ready for business on August 1. The store will
be conducted solely for the benefit of the employees of the
Judge company and all other properties under the same
management. All goods will be sold on the cost system.
Coupon books will be issued to the employees, and if
unused coupons are in possession of employees when con-
nection is severed with the company, they will be re-
deemed at full value. The store will be open every after-
noon and goods delivered once eacli week, purchasers pay-
ing pro-rata the expense of delivery.
An important strike of high-grade ore was made recent-
ly in a cross-cut on the 700-ft. level at the Naildriver
property, according to J. D. Fisher, superintendent. The
ore has been developed to a width of three feet, and assays
run as high as 150 oz. silver per ton. Shipments have
been started, and should average 200 tons per week dur-
ing the present summer. Frank Fleishman, superintend-
ent of the Ontario, states that development work at that
property was suspended for a week on account of the
compressor breaking down. Operations were resumed on
July 6. At the Silver King Coalition property, 190 men
are now on the payroll and at least 100 more could be
used to advantage. Physical conditions at this property
are excellent, and development work in new territory is
reported as highly satisfactory.
WISCONSIN
ZINC AND LEAD MINING DURING JUNE.
Notwithstanding the fact that offerings for zinc ore re-
mained low and that the price for lead ore had dropped
considerably, the Wisconsin districts maintained unin-
terrupted operation all through the month of June, and
good production resulted. High-grade zine ore recovered
at magnetic separating-plants was in good demand at the
beginning of the month, on a range of prices running
from $48 to $51 per ton. Premium-grade ore commanded
even higher figures, but a recession in price came the
second week, the base holding flat at $48.50 per ton. At
the close of the month, the base price for refinery blende
stood at $49 per ton, and while complaint was general
that the price was not high enough to warrant profit-
taking operators held their working-forces together hop-
ing for an upward turn. Low-grade zinc-ore producers
received better offerings during the month and a consid-
erable portion of reserve ore was sold but lean producers
found it hard going and several mines were shut-down
pending better market conditions. The mines in the
Highland district operated by the New Jersey Zinc Co.,
were all shut-down and over 100 men thrown out of em-
ployment. Many quickly, transferred to other parts of
the field. The Blewett mine, in the Galena district, shut-
down and several producers in the Livingston district
gave up all hope of continuing production, assigning as
the reason low prices for zine concentrate.
Lead ore, which had reached $110 per ton prior to
June, dropped at the beginning of the month to $100.
This figure was destined to remain but a short time and
the price current over the better part of the month ruled
around $90. Many producers who had refused $110 for
their ore, believing even better prices would prevail, held
on after the drop calculating the price would recover but,
when less than $100 was offered, a portion of the holdings
was sold. The increased output of zinc ore aided ma-
terially in an increased production of lead ore and the
reserve in the field closely estimated at the close of the
month, is in excess of 1000 tons. No competition was
noticeable between buyers as had been the rule when lead
ore ruled high and the major portion of lead ore sold
through June went to the Federal Lead Co. Scores of
lessees gophering old workings on a small scale met with
poor success and sales of mixed lots for the month were
negligible. The bulk of the lead ore recovered in the
Wisconsin field will come in the future from the big zine-
mine operators.
Producers of carbonate-zinc ore, in the northern dis-
tricts of the field, shut-down permanently. Prices for this
class of ore have been steady and fair but the big deposits
have been mined out and unless new exploration work
determines new ranges in virgin soil this portion of the
field will be abandoned.
Deliveries of zinc ore and lead for June, by districts,
follow :
Districts Zinc, lb.
Benton 10,360,000
Cuba City 4,600,000
Livingston 5,492,000
Galena 3,558,000
Day Siding S14.000
Highland 760,000
Hazel Green 806,000
Platteville 716,000
Shullsburg 664,000
Linden 336,000
Millbrig 132,000
Lead, lb.
440,000
62,000
80,000
160,000
80,000
90,000
Total 28,238,000 912,000
The gross recovery of crude concentrate for the month
at mills amounted to 13,949 tons. A small surplus of
crude ore was disposed of during June but the reserve in
the field at the close of the month ran up near 10,000
tons, most of which was held at refineries and by one or
two of the larger operating concerns.
.inly 17. 1926
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
101
shipments of high-grade blende from separating-plants
were made for the month a« shown here,
Company Lb.
Mineral Point Zinc Co 5.670,000
National Ore Separators 2.966,000
Wisconsin Zinc Roasters 1,266,000
Block-House Mining Co 540,000
Bine Concentrating Co 532,000
Total 10,974,000
The total net deliveries of high-grade zinc ore from the
field to smelters for June amounted to 5487 tons of
blende, and 440 tons of carbonate-zinc ore.
Raw-ore production was distributed as follows: to the
Mineral Point Zinc Co., 5487 tons; Wisconsin Zinc Roast-
ers. 5360 tons ; National Ore Separators, 2147 tons ; Zinc
Concentrating Co., 685 tons. High-grade ore was divided
mainly between the Prime Western Smelters, a subsidiary
of the New Jersey Zinc Co., Depue, Illinois, and the Min-
eral Point Zinc Co., so that practically all went one way
for the month. It indicates that the buying-latitude in
the field is more closely restricted than ever before.
Labor conditions remain precarious. Shovelers espe-
cially were in demand, although the pay is the highest
ever known and the men employed earn as high as $10 to
$12 on a single shift. Some accidents were reported, one
at the Jefferson mine, near Hazel Green, following a cave-
in of supporting pillars resulting in the death of three
miners. Exploration work in the field has been reduced
considerably and at the end of the month little construc-
tion work was in progress in any of the districts.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
PORTLAND CANAL AND DOLLY VARDEN DE3TRICTS AEE
FLOURISHING.
Windermere. — Construction of a second unit of the
power-plant for the Florence mine, at Princess creek, is
well under way. The company is employing 60 men, and
working a double shift in the mine and a single one in
the mill. About 150 tons of ore is being treated daily,
and it is expected that over 300 tons of concentrate will
be produced each month. The mine is in splendid con-
dition, both the fissure and replacement veins yielding a
good supply of ore. More miners are needed.
The Laib Brothers, who are operating the Spokane
group, are crushing the ore in an arrastre and running
the pulp over amalgamated copper plates, and tables.
Most of the gold is collected in the arrastre and on the
plates and thesilver-lead concentrate is shipped to Trail.
Transportation facilities are bad, the cost of shipping to
the smelter running from $50 to $60 per ton.
Princeton. — E. T. Hodge, late professor of mining
at the University of British Columbia, has bonded the
Emancipation group of eight claims, at Jassica, 15 miles
from Hope. Some good ore was taken from this prop-
erty in 1916 by C. H. Lighthall, who had an option on
the property, 53 tons yielding $18,295. Later in the
same year F. Merrick netted $2822 from eight tons of
ore shipped to the smelter. D. C. Coleman, president of
the Canada Copper Corporation, has announced that the
railway from Princeton to Copper Mountain should be
finished by September 1, and the corporation, expects to
start milling on that date. The West Kootenay Power
& Light Co. has nearly completed its 1 15-mile high-power
branch to the property.
Stewart. — It is declared that there is no mining boom
in the Portland Canal district, but that there is much
solid development. Nine diamond-drills now are in op-
eration, two on the Premier, two on the Northern Light
group, one each on the 49 group, the Big Missouri, the
Mother Lode, Goose Creek, and the B. C. Exploration
Co.'s property on Marmot river. It is stated that the
snow is rapidly disappearing from the higher reaches
and that there is still employment for good miners.
Activity is apparent through the country contiguous
t<' the Bear River valley. Men are engaged in putting
the line of the Canadian Northeastern railway, owned by
Sir Donald Mann, in shape for operation, and a gas-
locomotive has been bought, together with some rolling
TINTIC MILLING CO. S PLANT at silver CITY, UTAH
stock, in order that the transport of supplies to the
various camps may be undertaken as soon as the repairs
to the road render it feasible. On the Q. & L. group,
held under bond by J. Tretheway, of Cobalt, surface-
stripping has exposed a vein and a tunnel has exposed
ore containing galena, zinc-blende, and silver.
Alice Arm. — The population of the town of Alice Arm
is growing to such an extent that much building is in
progress. A three-story hotel is under construction in
addition to numerous cabins. The community radiates
prosperity. Everyone is busy and the Dolly Varden
railway is operating regularly. Reports are received re-
garding the richness of the new ore being found in the
Dolly Varden mine. It is stated also that the Royal
group nearby is showing up well. Prospectors are going
into the hills both up the Kitsault and the Illiance rivers.
Use.- — High-grade copper ore is reported on Nicholson
creek, near Usk, by Alexander Baxendale, a prospector.
As a result the Crescent group of mineral claims has
been staked. Stripping is said to disclose a fissure vein,
one to six feet wide, for a distance of 700 ft. carrying
bornite and chalcopyrite, much of which is rich enough
to ship.
Slocan. — That the Utica mine will be re-opened at
once and put on a shipping basis is announced by C. F.
102
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
Caldwell, vice-president and managing director of the
Utiea Mines Ltd. The old Sunset property, situated near
the Utiea, also is to be developed. The latter has not
been worked for tifteen years. During its operation over
$500,000 worth of ore was shipped, some 2000 tons av-
eraging over .$250 per ton at the former price of silver.
It is proposed to continue the existing cross-cut to strike
the vein at new depth.
Nelson. — Another deal is reported in connection with
the Granite-Poorman mine, on Eagle creek, it being
stated that a syndicate has been formed to take over the
property from the Vincent Development Co. As a result
the Granite-Poorman property will resume operation
immediately, a crew of men already having been put to
work.
ONTARIO
PROVINCIAL MIXES DEPARTMENT Til BE INVESTIGATED.
Toronto. — An investigation which lias been for some
time in progress into sales of timber by the former Pro-
vincial administration has resulted in the discovery of
extensive frauds, occasioning considerable loss to the pub-
lie treasury. As until recently the Department of Mines
was included in the jurisdiction of the former Depart-
ment of Lands, Forests, and Mines, it is suspected that a
laxity of administration, if nothing worse, may have re-
sulted in similar abuses in connection with mining sales
or leases, and Premier Drury has announced that a
thorough investigation of the Department of Mines will
be held. In view of the facts as disclosed by the timber
investigation, no other course appears open to the Gov-
ernment, and the action meets with general public ap-
proval.
Porcupine. — The shareholders of the Hollinger Con-
solidated have approved of the removal of the bead office
of the company from Toronto to Timmins. A contract
has been let for diamond-drilling the Miracle property
south of Night Hawk lake, the work to be started as
soon as possible. It is planned to tap the main vein at
300 and 500 ft. The property, previous work on which
yielded promising results, is equipped with a mining and
a milling plant.
Kirkland Lake. — At the Ontario Kirkland work has
been started on the excavation for the mill. It is planned
to have the foundations and perhaps the framework of the
building completed before winter. Drifting on the 450-ft.
level is being actively carried on, the ore being richer
than on the upper levels. Operations at the Wright-
Hargreaves have been handicapped owing to shortage of
power. The main shaft was unwatered some weeks ago
and work started, but it had to be abandoned through
failure- of the Northern Ontario Light & Power Co. to
deliver enough electric energy. Steam-power is being
used on shaft No. 2, which has been straightened and
timbered to a depth of 200 ft. The foundations of the
mill have been completed and work started on the build-
ing, which is expected to be finished and the machinery
installed late this fall. The date for commencing mill-
ing operations has been indefinitely postponed owing to
the power shortage. A vein about 10 ft. wide has been
opened on the "Wood-Kirkland in a dike of porphyry
formation stated to be about 400 ft. wide. Several veins
have been uncovered by surface work on the Moffatt-Hall
claims near Mud Lake. Trenching is being carried on to
ascertain the best point for sinking. At the Chaput-
Hughes the shaft is down 40 ft. on a 5-ft. vein, the gold
content of which shows an increase at depth.
Sesekinika. — On the Russell claims, adjoining the
Smith-Labine group, a discovery regarded as being of
importance has been made. Trenching has revealed a
scbisted zone, about 70 ft. wide, cut by numerous quartz
stringers of low gold content. The quartz, which is
highly enriched with pyrite, is blue in color and the
stringers are usually narrow. The shaft on the Light-
ning River Gold Mines properties, 2\ miles east of Sese-
kinika Station, is down 20 ft., the vein showing improve-
ment and maintaining its width.
Cobalt. — During the first six months of 1920, the sil-
ver mines of Northern Ontario produced approximately
$6,372,000, according to preliminary estimates. This
compares with $12,747,621 for the whole of 1919 and
shows how production is being maintained. The total
silver output since the first discoveries in Cobalt in 1903,
up to June 30 of 1920. amounts to 309,011,136 oz. valued
at $188,411,972. Dividends paid amount to some $1
000,000. while the treasuries of the various companies
contain upward of $] 5.000,000, the net profit realized ap-
proximating 50% of the total production. The sixth
high-grade ore-shoot to be opened since last fall is re-
ported this week on the Beaver Consolidated. There is
some promise of regular quarterly dividend disburse
meats.
The regular- quarterly dividend of 5% declared by the
Nipissing on July 20 is not accompanied with the usual
lionus of equal amount. The company has quick liquid
assets of over $5,000,000. the highest figure in its history,
and the failure to pay a July bonus is interpreted as in-
dicating the intention of the directors to yield to the re-
quest of shareholders to distribute its surplus more
freely among stockholders. It is believed this will take
the form of a substantial capital reduction at intervals,
in addition to regular dividends-
Arrangements are being made to diamond-drill the
Mohawk-Cobalt property in the Mud Lake district. An
investigation of the possibilities of the Belle-Ellen mine
in South Lorrain is being made by M. J. O'Brien, Ltd.,
with a view to recovering cobalt from the large veins on
the propert}'. Another shipment of ten or eleven tons of
high-grade ore has been made from the Castle property
of the Trethewey company. The ore contains, on an av-
erage, 2000 oz. of silver per ton. Current production is
adequate to pay expenses, in addition to carr-y on nec-ps
sary development work. Announcement is made that the
Kerr Lake Mining Co. has arranged a contract with the
Dominion Reduction Co. to treat between 75,000 and
100,000 tons of low-grade mill-ore. The Kerr Lake com
pany will itself continue to mine its medium and high-
grade ore. "• •> i
July 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
103
THE MININ
CHILE COI'I'KR CO.
The Chile Copper Co.'s report for 1919 emphasizes that in
spite of world-wide economic and social readjustment since
the Armistice, the finances of the company have been well
husbanded and operations singularly successful, considering
conditions under which Chile is working.
"Upon signing of the Armistice," it adds, "large stocks of
copper were left on the market and coincidentally sales for
about four months practically ceased. This necessitated
curtailment in production. For the year ended December
31, 1919, your company produced 38,359 tons, compared to
51,068 for 1918. Capacity of plant during 1919 was ap-
proximately 60,000 tons, in spite of small production for
1919 actual cash cost of producing this copper, including
estimated cost of selling and delivering, was 13.01c. per
pound, compared to 13.30c. for 1918. During 1919 Chilean
exchange was more favorable than in 191 S, which helped to
reduce the cost of production. On the other hand, it is esti-
mated that nearly all other factors entering cost of produc-
tion were considerably higher in 1919 than in 1918."
For the year ended December 31, 1919, a deficit of
$2,290,658 after all charges and taxes, against a surplus of
$3,440,229 in 1918 is reported. The combined income ac-
count o? Chile Copper Co. and Chile Exploration Co. follows:
1919
Operating revenue 810,350,167
Oiierating costs 8.729.956
Operating (rain 1.(120.211
Miscellaneous income 868.877
Total income 2.489.088
Federal taxes and miscellaneous 395,556
Interest charges 2.823,043.
Deficit 729.511
Plant superseded . . . ({5,(139
Ore depletion 1.355.508
Amount ot bond discount 140.000
Deficit 2.290.658
•Surplus.
ARIZONA
Bisbee. — The work of pouring concrete in the Dallas shaft
of the Copper Queen branch of the Phelps Dodge Corpora-
tion is now under way. Eventually this will be the main
hoisting shaft for the entire Copper Queen mine, and will
replace the Sacramento, through which the ore is hoisted at
present. Owing to steam-shovel operations, in the course of
time the Sacramento will have to be abandoned as an
operating shaft.
Maricopa County. — At the Mammoth mine, near Supersti-
tion mountain, on the road between Mesa and Roosevelt,
application has been made for the establishment of a post-
office, and the changing of the name to Youngville, after the
chief operator and owner, George U. Young, former Secre-
tary of State. It is reported that new equipment is being
purchased and development work is planned on an extensive
scale.
CALIFORNIA
Grass Valley. — With 80 stamps dropping on high-grade
•mill pre from Empire and Pennsylvania mines, the Empire
, Mines Co. is doing well despite high labor and operating
costs. The mine force has been increased and development
pf new territory below the 4500-ft. level is proceeding satis-
factorily. Opening of ore in new ground has been attended
with encouraging results during the past year. In the
1918
1917
S20.931.071
$18,908,855
12.414.607
11.751.778
8.516.404
7.157.077
437.263
0-19.294
8.953.667
7.806.371
776.995
505,233
2.422.419
1.860.525
•5,754.253
•5.440.613
41.441
1.026.586
2.132.583
1.710.615
140.000
105.000
•3,440.229
•2,598,412
Pennsylvania property good ore is also being opened at
depth. The output is sent to the Empire mill over an elec-
tric railway. Excellent developments are reported at the
North Star, Alcalde, and Boundary properties. The Central
mill of the North Star company is running steadily on good
ore from deep levels. Shoots of bonanza quartz continue to
develop in the Alcalde and Boundary properties, and both
mines promise to be consistent producers. At the Allison
Ranch drifting is proceeding along the new-found Hartery
vein, with indications pronounced good for development of
a large orebody in virgin ground.
Portola. — Regular shipments of copper concentrate are
going out from the flotation-plants of the Engels and Walker
mines, with new developments adding to the present ore-
reserves of both properties. Recent work in the Superior
section of the Engels group has placed in sight some of the
richest deposits ever found in this district, and the grade of
ore going to the plant continues excellent. Activities at the
Beardsley, Gruss, Trask & Coffer, Five Bears, Feather River,
and several other properties continue. Practically every
company reports development of additional ore, with new
work materially extending the dimensions of the proved
reserves.
IDAHO
Couer d'Alene. — The mines of this district have paid in
dividends in 35 years $95,082,316, nearly half of this in the
last seven years. At the present rate of earnings the $100.-
000,000-mark will be passed next year. Dividends in the
first six months of the present year were $2,660,357, and
will probably continue at about this rate. The individual
companies paid: Bunker Hill & Sullivan, $981,000; Her-
cules, estimated, $500,000; Interstate-Callahan, $373,300:
Hecla, $350,000; Federal, preferred, $299,757; Caledonia
$156,300.
A new vein of fine ore has been uncovered by the Colum-
bus Mining Co. The vein is 13 ft. wide and its discovery
follows continuous work for two years. Raising is in.
progress from the main-tunnel level of the Nabob Consoli-
dated mine. The raise has attained a height of 20 ft. and
will be continued to the next level above; -which is-220-ft. •
higher than the main tunnel. The work will be completed
in six weeks. The Orogrande Gold Mining Co., near
Stites, has increased the capacity of its mill to 500 tons
daily. The designed capacity was 3 00 tons. Changes and
improvements have been made in the method of ore-dressing.
Workings of the Baltimore vein of the Silver Triumph
Mining Co. have been entered for the first time in 3 years.
Ore containing 3 9 oz. silver per ton, 2.0% lead, and 18%
z'nc has been discovered 60 ft. from the surface. The old
workings honeycomb the ground on two tunnel-levels. The
orebody between the main-tunnel level and a point 150 ft.
deeper is six feet wide and gives promise of a greater width.
The Tamarack & Custer Consolidated Mining Co. is pro-
ducing crude ore and concentrate at the rate of 3500 tons
per month. The net value of the ore is said to range from
$100 to $125 per tori. The purchase of a tunnel that pene-
trates an adjoining property is under consideration. This
tunnel attains greater depth than any on the Tamarack &
Custer and is convenient to a mill. ; .Its use by the Tamarack
& Custer will reduce the cost of mining. i
104
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 192»
MISSOURI
Joplin. — The Iowa Mining Co. is erecting a mill on its
lease on the Gilniore land, two miles south of Baxter
Springs, and expects to have the plant in operation by Sep-
tember 1. The mill was formerly the old Oak Orchard,
north of Joplin. It is of 150 tons capacity and is in good
condition. It is equipped with gas-engines, which will be
the motive power at the Iowa mine. Ben Hoskins, mill-
builder of Baxter Springs, is in charge of the construction
work. A feature of the plant is that the building will be
covered with a new roof entirely of zinc. Zinc sheets will be
used and so placed as to conform to the best methods of
laying roofing of this kind, allowing for expansion and con-
traction.
•The Iowa company has had many obstacles to overcome
in the development of its mine. The lease is regarded as
one of the richest in the district. Eighteen or nineteen holes
were sunk in the prospecting and a fine body of ore blocked
out. Spasmodic troubles with water delayed operations at
times and just when everything seemed to be ready for a
continuation o£ mine development a fire destroyed nearly
everything at the plant. After re-building the engine-house
and derrick, work was resumed underground and negotia-
tions were started looking to the purchase of a mill.
NEVADA
Searchlight. — A. S. Gaines and Charles Johnson have
found srme fine ore on their lease on the 600-£t. level of the
old Duplex mine. The find is said to be similar to that
made about two months ago by Burdick and Perkins on the
500-ft. level of the Duplex. Burdick and Perkins are still
mining ore worth about $200 per ton and are shipping at
the rate of a car every eight days. Gaines and Johnson
expect to begin shipments at once.
UTAH
Grantsvillc. — Promising mineralization has been pene-
trated in the adit being driven at the 'L' Marie property to
open at depth a shoot of good ore previously opened by a
shallow shaft. This property is situated in the Free Coin-
age district, nine miles east of here. In the face of the tun-
nel, which is about 75 ft. from the portal, four inches of
high-grade silver-lead ore, containing manganese and spar,
has baen cut.
Bingham. — I'pper workings at the United States proper-
ties here are to be turned over to lessees, according to D.
D. Iiluir, mine manager. The United States properties in-
clude the old Jordan and Galena mines, from which high-
grade galena was mined in the early days.
Alta, — Since June 15, the South Hecla company has been
shipping an average of one carload of ore per day, according
to George H. Watson, general manager. At present 57 men
are employed at the property, and twice that number could
be used to advantage, if they were available. A similar
shortage of men exists in the other mines in the district.
WASHINGTON
Stevens County. — The only mining company in Washing-
ton that is now paying dividends is the Electric Point which
has made two disbursements this year and expects to con-
tinue its present rate of $23,790 per quarter. The North-
west Magnesite Co. is making good profits but has not yet
declared any dividends. The American Minerals Production
Co., alsoa magnesite corporation, paid a dividend of $30,000
in 1917 and may resume payments before long, in view of
the present condition of the mine.
A concentrating plant has been erected at the Lead Trust
mine and has started operation. The plant is of 75 tons
daily capacity and designed to dress lead ore. Operations
have disclosed ore 6 to 14 ft. wide on two levels. One level
is 200 ft. above the mill and the other 350 ft., both being
opened with adits.
personalI
The Editor invites members of the profession to send particulars of theti
work and appointments. The information is interesting: to our readers.
P. L. Sizer is in Arizona.
J. Power Hutchins writes from Italy.
W. Pellew-Harvey, of London, is at Vaneeuver.
A. Campbell, of Anaconda, visited Globe recently.
Algernon Del Mar, of Los Angeles, Is at Alamos, Mexico.
Wilber Jndson is on his way back to New York from Sam
Francisco.
Charles Janin left Penang, Straits Settlements, for Lon-
don on July 7.
E. O. Daue has returned to Blueflelds, Nicaragua, from
Easton, Pennsylvania.
William B. Bishop and P. L. Watson, of Lima, Peru, are
visiting the South-West.
Frederick F. Ransom is doing geological work in the oil-
fields near Santa Maria, California.
D. A. Lyon, supervisor of stations for the U. S. Bureau of
Mines, was recently in San Francisco.
John Davenport, formerly of Boston, is at Wausau, Wis-
consin, in care of the Wausau Abrasives Co.
Bobert M. Hampton, of Tonopah, is now superintendent
for the Utah Boston Development Co., at Bingham, Utah.
W. S. Hall, metallurgical engineer for the Chino Copper
Co., at Hurley, New Mexico, is visiting metallurgical plants
in Utah.
Paul T. Bnihl has left Thomson, Georgia, and is now with
the New York & Honduras Rosario Mining Co., at San
Juancito, Central America.
M. J. Pinnegan, of Worcester, and E. L. Marsh, of Boston,
who are interested in Nevada and Utah mining properties,
were at Salt Lake City recently.
W. Prouty, geologist for the Old Dominion company at
Globe, has been appointed chief geologist for the Copper
Queen branch of the Phelps Dodge Corporation at Bisbee.
B. A. Sulliger has left the Estaca Mining Co., at Contra
Estaca, Mexico, to take charge of the Delores Esperanza Co.,
at Delores. H. D. Hickie succeeds him as superintendent
for the Estaca Mining Co.
M. J. Gavin, refinery engineer for the V. S. Bureau of
Mines, with headquarters at Salt Lake City, visited the San
Francisco office of the Bureau during June in connection
with oil-shale development.
W. E. Dickson, assistant engineer, and R. B. Bowe, junior
engineer of the U. S. Geological Survey at Salt Lake City,
are at Wabuska, Nevada, installing a naw reeordlng-gauge
station on the Walker river.
T. H. O'Brien, for twelve years manager for the Stag
Canyon Fuel Co., at Dawson, New Mexioo, a subsidiary of
the Phelps Dodge Corporation, has been appointed general
manager for the Inspiration Con. Copper Go. and also for the
'"'"-national Smelting Co.
Dewey, Strong & Townsend announce the entry of Capt.
William A. Loftus, Thomas Cast berg, James M. Abbett, and
John H. Herring into the firm, which will be known as
Dewey, Strong, Townsend & Loftus, with offiees as hereto-
fore in the Crocker building, San Francisco.
J. M. Hill, of the U. S. Geological Survey, has been trans-
ferred from Washington to the Survey's office in San Fran- I
Cisco, where he will be associated with Charles G. Yale. Mr.
Hill's field of geological studies will include the Pacific Coast
States and to some extent also Arizona and Nevada. The
desirability of having a geologist attached to the San Fran-
cisco office has long been felt, for many requests for exami-
nation and report are received that cannot be met by sending
a Federal geologist across the continent.
lal
Ma,
.InIt 17. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
195
THE METAL
MARKET
METAL PRICES
Ban Francisco. July l.'t
Aluminum -dust, cents per pound 65
Antimony, cents per pound 9.00
Copper, electrolytic, ceate per pound i:i on
Lead, piir, centa per pound 8.35 — 0.25
Platinum, pure, per ounce |85
Platinum. 10% iridium, per ounce 5118
Quicksilver, per flask of 75 lb 585
Spelter, cents per pound 9.50
Zinc-dust, cents per pound 13.50 — 15.00
EASTERN BIETAL MARKET
(By wire from New York)
July 12. — Copper Is Qulel and strong 1 , Lead ia inactive but firm. Zinc
u dull but steady.
SILVER
Below are given official or ticker Quotations, in cents per ounce of silver
BfiO flnc. From April 33. 1918. the United States government paid 51 per
ounce for all silver purchased by it. fixing 1 a maximum of 51-01% on
August 15. 1918. and will continue to pay 51 until the quantity specified
under the Act is purchased, probably extending over several years. On
May 5, 1919, all restrictions on the metal were removed, resulting in
fluctuations. During the restricted period, the .British government fixed the
maximum price five times, the last being on March 25, 1919. on account of
the low rate of sterling- exchange, but removed all restrictions on May 10.
The equivalent of dollar silver (1000 fine) in British currency is 46.65
pence per ounce (935 fine) calculated at the normal rate of exchange.
New York
Date
July
cents
« 90.00
7 91.87
8 94.50
9 91.75
10 93.12
11 Sunday
12 92.87
ondon
Average
week ending
pence
Centa
51.50
May
31
. .101.17
52.50
June
7
. . 98.23
54.00
It
. ..86.00
52.25
"
21
. . 87.07
52.62
"
28
. . 91.41
July
5
. . 89.97
53.12
18
. . 92.18
Pence
58.87
56.52
48.02
48.73
51.69
51.68
52.60
1918
.88.72
.85.79
.88.11
Apr 95.35
May 99.50
June 99.50
Jan.
.Feb.
Men.
1919
101.12
101.12
101.12
101.12
107.23
110.50
Monthlj
1920
132.77
131.27
125.70
119.56
102.69
90.84
averages
1918
July 99.62
- Aug 100.31
l Sept 101.12
' Oct 101.12
: Nov 101.12
Dec 101.12
1919
106.36
111.35
113.92
119.10
127.57
131.92
COPPER
Prices of electrolytic in New York, in cents per pound.
Date
July
6 19.00
7 : 19.00
8 19.00
9 19.00
10 19.00
11 Sunday
12 19.00
May
June
Average week ending
31
14.
21.
28.
5.
12.
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
19.00
1918
Jan 23.50
Feb 23.50
Mch 23.50
Apr 23.50
May 23.50
June 23.50
Lead is quoted in
Date
July B
1919
20.43
17.34
15.05
15.23
15.91
17.53
Monthly averages
1920
19.25
19.05
18.49
19.23
19.05
19.00
1918
July 26.00
Aug 26.00
Sept 26.00
Oct 26.00
Nov 26.00
Dec 26.00
1919
20.82
22.51
22.10
21.66
20.45
18.55
10
11 Sunday
12
1918
Jan 6.85
Feb 7.07
Mch 7.26
Apr 6.99
May 6.88
June 7.59
cents per pound,
8.25
8.25
8.25
8.25
8.25
. . 8.25
Monthly
1920
8.65
8.88
9.22
8.78
8.55
8.43
New York delivery.
Average week ending
May
June
31.
7.
14.
21.
28.
5.
12.
1919
6.60
5.13
6.24
6.05
5.04
5.32
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
1918 1919
8.50
8.68
8.76
8.21
8.15
8.39
8.25
8.03
8.05
8.05
8.05
8.05
6.90
TIN
Prices in New York, in cents per pound.
Monthly averages
1919 1920 1
71.60 62.74
72.44 59.87
72.60 61.92
72.50 62.12
72.60 54.99
71.83 48.33
1918
Jan 86.13
Feb. 86.00
Mch 85.00
Apr 88.53
May 100.01
June 91.00
1918
July 93.00
Aug 91.33
Sept 80.40
Oct 78.82
Nov 73.67
Dec 71.62
6.63
5.78
6.02
6.40
6.76
7.12
1919
70.11
62.20
65.79
54.82
64.17
64.94
Zinc Is quoted as spelter, standard Western brands, New York delivery,
in cents per pound.
Date
July
Jan.
Feb.
Mch.
Apr.
May
June
10
11 Sunday
12
8.20
May
8.15
June
8.10
*■
8.15
"
8.15
"
July
Average week ending
3 7:::::::::::::::::
14
21
88
IS.
Monthly averages
7.78
7.44
9.68
July
7.97
0.71
9.15
Aug.
7.67
6.63
8.93
Sept
7.04
6.49
8.76
Oct.
7.92
6.43
8,07
Nov.
7,92
6.91
7.92
Dee.
1918 1919
7.93
8.02
8.0*
T.79
7.85
8.04
8.15
8.72
8.78
9.58
9.11
8.76
8.49
7.78
7.81
7.67
7.82
8.12
8.69
QUICKSILVER
The primary market for quicksilver 1b San Francisco. California being
the largest producer. The price is fixed in the open market, according to
quantity. Prices, in dollars per flask of 75 pounds.
Date I Jane *> 85.0*
June 15 85.00 July « 90.0*
22 85.00 1 " 13 86.0*
Monthly averages
1918
Jan 128.06
Feb 118.00
Mch 112.00
Apr 115.00
May 110.00
June 112.00
1919
103.75
S0.00
72.80
73.12
84.80
94.40
1920
89.00
81.00
87.00
100.00
87.00
86.00
1918
Jnly 120.00
Ang 120.00
Sept 120.00
Oct 120.00
Nov 120.00
Dee 116.00
1919
100.00
103.00
102.60
86.00
78.00
95.00
1920
FOREIGN VIEW OF THB POTMAN ACT
The New York market for silver and the operation of the Pittman Act
have been followed with interest by bankers and bullion dealers in Europe.
Under influences tending to depress silver in world markets, such as
Chinese selling and Continental selling of silver coins, Europe watched the
price decline in this market well below the dollar mark, with the Pittmaa
Act ineffectual for the time being. Now that the Treasury has found a
means of putting the Pittman Act into operation, and thus stimulating the
price even for foreign silver, practicability of. the measure is still ques-
tioned by foreign dealers.
Advices to hand reflect views of foreign dealers on Information that the
Director of the Mint had revised its regulations regarding tender of silver
of United States origin, although mixed with alien-produced silver in refin-
ing. Resultant stimulation of silver in New York by this means is re-
garded as rather artificial and as tending to be against commercial interests
of United States citizens in settlement of trade obligations with China, or
where debts are to be paid in silver.
Samuel Montagu & Co., bullion dealers, of London, say: "There are
two good reasons, both touching the well-being of the people of the United
States, why silver sold under the Pittman Act should not be purchased at
a dollar the fine ounce. First, there is the prospect that if the dollar
limit were removed their silver could be acquired at a substantial discount
of 25% or more under the dollar per fine ounee. Second, the balance of
trade with China was against the United States to extent of £14.684,000 in
1914 and in 1919 had increased to 848.639,000 (nearly 3% times).
"Any fall in the price of silver must have material effect in reducing to
people of the United States the cost of commodities from the Far East.
In the above figures a fall of 50% in the price of stiver would not only
show an apparent gain of £5.000,000 to people of the United States, but
it would really mean many times more, for trading and manufacturing
profits connected with raw material imported from China would be. to a
large extent, proportionately lessened by a redaction of wholesale and
retail prices."
TAKES AND NATIONAL DEBTS
Financiers of experience and vision continue to stress taxes and public
debts as factors of the utmost importance financially. Otto H. Kahn thinks
the excess profits tax ia the source of much economic evil and gives ex-
cellent reasons for his belief. Another economist, who is not of the bank-
ing fraternity, thinks there is great danger of the world's gold reserves
becoming inadequate, and suggests that gilt-edge gold interest-bearing bonds
be made the baaia of the currency by Congress if a great crisis ia to be
averted owing to the deflation of credit Just when inflation is needed, or
later will be needed, by expanding business in thiB country and in Europe.
As to national debts there ia perhapa less awe of the great indebtedness
piled up since 1913. Everything la relative. Ia Britain's present war debt
any greater, relatively speaking than the four billions she owed at the end
of the Napoleonic ware? It is not. Britain 1b a great many times richer
than she was 124 years ago. If this is true of the English what is to be
said of the war debt of the United States which country, equally rieh.
though only half developed, hae a war debt of ¥30,000,000,000.
MONEY AND EXCHANGE
Foreign quotations on July 13 are as follows:
Sterling, dollars: Cable 3.93%
Demand 3.94 F £
Franca, cents: Cable . 8.42
Demand ^44
Lire, cents: Demand , (J.«6
Marks, cents ......,,.,. 2.84
106
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
Eastern Metal Market
New York, July 7.
The three-day holiday has not been a stimulus to an al-
ready rather lifeless market. Prices have, however, re-
mained fairly strong.
Buying of copper is only moderate but prices are steady
and unchanged.
Business in tin is confined to dealers and is light.
Demand for lead is small. Prices are firm but nominal.
The zinc market is stronger and prices are higher.
Antimony is unchanged and quiet.
IRON AND STEEL
Pig-iron output increased in June, showing that the net
result of all the changes in the railroad situation was favor-
able. At 3,043,540 tons for the 30 days the daily average
was 101,451 tons, a gain of about 5000 tons per day upon
the May output, which was 2,985,682 tons for 31 days. May
in turn showed a gain of 5000 tons per day over April. But
the industry is still nearly 7 500 tons below the peak reached
in March when the daily average was 108,900 tons. The
estimated capacity active at the opening of the month was
101,500 tons per day, against 98,350 tons for 295 furnaces
on June 1.
The latest word from steel-producing centres, however, in-
dicates a more unfavorable turn, within the week. The Com-
merce Commission order that open-top cars be sent to coal
mines and the renewal of the order directing box-cars to
grain-producing sections have left steel-mills so short of cars
ihat there is increased talk of a suspension of operations for
ten days or two weeks to permit of a clearing up of the
desperate congestion.
While reports from the automobile industry have been un-
favorable, two companies made records in June, one turning
out 3 5 00 cars per day and another 6 25 cars.
Cars bought by industrial companies have amounted to
6 500 since May 1 and active inquiries will bring the total to,
10,000.
COPPER
Conditions as to labor and transportation are not greatly
altered. Demand continues light from domestic sources but
buying for foreign shipment is good. There is more interest
for forward shipment by domestic buyers, and sales have
been made of both Lake and electrolytic copper, for forward
as well as prompt and early delivery, on the basis of 19c,
New York. Large producers are firm in their quotations of
19c. for both grades. The outside market is believed to have
been pretty well cleaned out of speculative and cheap lots
and is quoted at around 18.50c, New York, for early de-
livery.
Statistics regarding copper exports show that to June 1
these have been at the rate of 3*0,906 gross tons per month
and that the average for the half year will probably be 30,-
000 tons per month. This compares with 19,000 tons per
month in 1919 and 32,000 tons per month in 1913, the
record before the War. Exports during the War were high-
est at 41,000 tons per month in 1917.
TIX
There has been no heavy buying in this market recently.
Such as has been reported has been mostly on the part of
dealers and has not exceeded 100 tons. Consumers are not
interested. Dealers, however, appear to be optimistic about
the future of prices and this is the reason for this activity,
but there are, however, few sellers. Until Friday of last
week there was almost no buying, but late that day a few
dealers were buyers of future shipment at prices ranging
from 47.75c to 49c. and at the close 49.50c was asked. Spot
Straits tin is scarce and prices are nominal and fairly stiff.
closing on Friday at 50.25c, New York. Yesterday, how-
ever, the market was nominally lower at 48c, New York,
due to a decline in London over the holiday from £273 per
ton on July 2 to £259 yesterday.
Tin arrivals in June are reported to have been 4730 tons,
of which 900 tons came in at Pacific ports. The amount of
tin delivered into consumption in June was 6500 tons, of
which 5 600 was from Atlantic ports. The quantity in stocks
and landing on June 30 was 35S6 tons. Imports to July 1,
this year, have been 27,743 tons, of which 20,820 tons was
Straits tin. To July 1, 1919, the imports were only 6341
tons.
LEAD
The market is quiet and quotations are nominal. The
undertone, however, is strong. There is a marked scarcity
for certain positions. It is almost impossible to purchase
prompt-shipment metal and spot delivery is scarce. There
is, however, almost no demand for either position. There
has been no change in the quotation of the American Smelt-
ing & Refining Co., which is 7.75c, St. Louis, or 8c, New
York. An appraisal of the outside market is a guess, but it
may be conservatively quoted as nominal at 8c, St. Louis,
or 8.25c, New York. Quotations range up to 8.50c, New
Y'ork.
ZINC
The market is stronger and prices are higher. This is
due to three causes. One is the shutting-down of most of
the mines in the Joplin district, due to labor troubles and
the exodus of men to the farms. This will last a month at
least and thus reduce the supply of ore. Another cause is a
better inquiry from galvanizers and brass-makers, and the
third reason is a stronger London market. Prime Western
for early and third-quarter delivery is quoted at 7.85c, St.
Louis, or 8.20c, New York, with fair inquiries reported.
ANTIMONY
Quotations are unchanged at 7.50c to 7.75c, New York,
duty paid, for wholesale lots for early delivery.
ALUMINUM
Virgin metal, 98 to 99% pure, is quoted in wholesale lots
for early delivery at 33c, New Y'ork, by the leading interest
and at 31.50c by other sellers.
ORES
Tungsten: There is no life to the market and no features.
Quotations are nominal at $5.50 to $15 per unit, depending
on the "grade, the •quantity, and the delivery.
Ferro-tungsten and tungsten powder is quoted at 8 5c. to
$1.05 per pound of contained tungsten, f.o.b. makers' works.
Molybdenum: Conditions are unchanged with prices nomi-
nal at 75c to 85c per pound of MoS. in regular concentrate.
Manganese: The market is strong at 70c. to 75c per unit
for high-grade ore. A large consumer has contracted for
20,000 tons per month of Indian ore, deliveries commencing
last month to continue one year. Imports in May were
5 6.5 86 tons, the largest for any month this year. The total
for the 11 months to June 1 this year is 243,572 tons, against
444,902 tons to the same date in 1919.
Manganese-Iron Alloys: Demand is light and quotations
are firm at $200, delivered, for domestic alloy for last half,
with $195, seaboard, for a limited quantity of British alloy.
The spot quotation is $225, delivered. Imports of ferro-
manganese in May were 3 981 tons, or the largest in a year
and a half. The total for the 11 months to June 1, 1920.
has .been 33.279 tons, as compared with 22.200 tons to
June 1, 1919. The spiegeleisen market is strong but quiet I
at $75, furnace.
:!
July 17, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
in?
INFORMATION FURNISHED BY MANUFACTURERS
hl.UIJMMI]MII14t)t JIJP1LI[lhlIi:iilliJririliJI + l^»IOi' P IJI>riE]iiii[|[ riltllt J r rMIIIIL IMMrirJIMcillt 1 i hliril ritlllJ lllllr IblidrihirilEitliirill^liMt JIMM)JIMrilM1ltrilllJIMIII»ltlTMIIMtll 1l«ltl*1Mr hlLIIEIIItl
A NEW TRACK-SCALE
By L.. R. Boyer
A new track-scale embodying many new and exclusive
features has been developed by E. & T. Fairbanks & Co., St.
Johnsbury, Vermont, manufacturers of the well known
Fairbanks scales. This was occasioned partly by new speci-
Newly-Designed Scale Beam
fications adopted jointly by the American Railway Associa-
tion, the American Railway Engineering Association, and
other organizations. These specifications make necessary
such changes in the design of scales on the market up to this
time, that the new scales in accord with them are not inter-
changeable -with, the old scales. While changes were being
made that were sufficient to destroy the interchangeability
of the new and old, it was decided to go further and remove
incongruities in design that have been present in scales ever
since the first were built nearly ninety years ago. The
feature first noticed on looking at the accompanying illus-
tration is the departure from the use of the customary I-sec-
lion levers, and the consistent use of the double-web section
throughout.
The scale is built in two capacities for light-duty service,
or service where only a relatively small number of cars is
to be weighed. These have 60
and 7 5-ton sections and lengths
of 50 ft., 56 ft., and 60 ft. effec-
tive weighing rail. For heavy
service or where a large number
of cars is to be weighed the scale
will be built in 75 and 100-ton
sections and in the same three
lengths as above. The difference
between the light-duty and heavy-
duty scales is mainly in the load-
ing per linear inch of knife-edge,
this being 5000 lb. in the heavy-
duty scales and 6000 lb. in the
light-duty scales. The difference
in allowable loading and the al-
lowance of a higher multiple
main lever in the light-duty
scales serves to make somewhat
lighter castings than are neces-
sary in the heavy-duty scales.
The beam in keeping with the
other parts of the scale is novel
in design. A close study will re-
veal that this design includes
well accepted principles essential
to an accurate and durable mean
and the difference in appearance
from the conventional type of
beam is due to a consistent use
of these principles. It is Of cast-
iron with cross-section of in-
verted-U shape. This shape, be-
sides giving the maximum rigid-
ity, furnishes a housing over the
balance-ball and 1 track for carry-
ing the poise.' The notches are
cut in a steel bar inserted in the
bottom of the back web, which
ensures that no dirt can fall and
lodge in them. The type for
printing weights on tickets is
fastened on the bottom of the
front web where it is protected from damage.
The centre indicating poise suspended from three ball-
bearing trolley-wheels runs smoothly upon a machined
track housed inside the beam. Its exact weighing position
is determined by a positive locking device of 30 or more
teeth engaging the same number of notches of the beam.
This locking device or pawl moves in vertical guides ar-
ranged to be| always tight, to ensure a positive position of
the poise. A convenient handle on the front of the poise
1*8
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1921
serves to operate the pawl when turned in one direction and
to print the tickets when turned in the other direction. The
heara stand is of the upright pillar type with compensating
steel bearing-blocks machined in.
Standard erection-plans have been drawn which incor-
porate the best recognized practice as to all details of in-
stallation. Wide pits afford ample room for installing the
scale correctly as well as for convenient examination from
time to time. The design of weigh-bridge, the mounting of
dead-rail supports and fastening, the arrangement of
weather guards, and all other details have been worked out
carefully, with a view to obtaining the most economical way,
consistent with accurate performance and at the same time,
the lowest maintenance cost.
HOW THE MOTOR- TRUCK MAY RELIEVE CONGESTION
AT FREIGHT TERMINALS
Hy R. E. Fulton
Freight congestion is, in reality, terminal congestion. The
present railroad situation vividly demonstrates that the root
of the much discussed railroad inadequacy lies more in the
lack of proper terminal facilities than it does in the lack of
freight-cars. It has further proved that the motor-truck,
properly used in conjunction with railroad terminals, can
relieve terminal congestion and increase the productivity of
each unit of the railroads' rolling stock.
Although it is estimated that the railroads of this country
now need 500,000 more freight-cars, it is obvious that, if this
number of cars were put into service under existing terminal
•onditions, the confusion would only be increased. Unfortu-
nately, the majority of railroad terminals were constructed
in the days of horse-drawn highway transportation facilities,
and no provision was made for the advent of the motor-
truek. At that time it was necessary for the railroads to
bring their freight within a radius of a day's team-haul of
its final destination, a distance considerably less than can
now be covered by a motor-truck. Cities have grown and
traffic has increased, but the terminals have remained prac-
tically unchanged as far as distribution radius is concerned.
It Is a fact that the average freight-car travels only about
six miles per day, and that this inefficiency can be attributed
directly to wasted time through congestion at terminals.
Considering that we now have over 2,400,000 freight-cars
in nse, it can be seen that every mile per day added to the
productivity of this total by increasing efficiency, is the
equivalent of 400,000 cars. Thus it is obvious that if a con-
tinuous movement of freight -cars to and from their terminal
points can be obtained, a two-fold advantage will result;
first, eliminating the delay and waste incidental to conges-
tions, and second, releasing a vast number of cars for main-
line traffic.
To say that this can be accomplished by utilizing the
motor-truck is not a mere prophecy; it is a proved reality.
The few railroads that have applied the use of trucks in
their limited way to this problem have met with remarkable
suecess and should stand as uncompromising examples to
every railroad now affected by terminal congestion. For ex-
ample, figures compiled by the U. S. Railroad Administration
show that in the Big Four yards at Cincinnati, the use of
motor-trucks with demountable bodies has reduced the time
required per ton-mile for transfer shipments from 12 hours
and 18 minutes, to less than S minutes. This saving of time
is accompanied by a reduction of fifty cents per ton-mile on
the cost of the transfer shipments. The motor-truck is now
a permanent supplement to the railroads and has proved its
capacity to take the short-haul traffic that has developed to
be time-wasting and unprofitable business for them. By
'feeding' short-haul shipments to the main-line traffic, it has
released thousands of cars for long-distance transportation
and has done much toward relieving congestion at terminals.
CONVEYING HOT MATERIAL BY BELTS
An unusual problem in the handling of hot cement
clinker with a temperature of 200° and over, was recently
solved at the plant of the Standard Portland Cement C«.
at Leeds, Alabama. The method decided upon for moving
the clinker was a rubber conveyor-belt, but the clinker
could not be cooled sufficiently in the process previous tt
conveying to prevent scorching of the belt and its rapid de-
struction. The answer to this problem was found by run-
ning the belt at an incline of 12°, so that the lower pulley
dipped into a trough of water, thus carrying a film of cold
water upon the belt, onto which the hot clinker from the
loading hopper was deposited. At this point a new problem
was met; namely, how to join the belt bo that the belt's full
strength would be retained, and in a way which would with-
stand the extremes of temperature, the wear on the pulleys
and the abrasion of the clinker. For this purpose Crescent
belt-fasteners were used, because they brought the belt ends
tightly together in a snug joint, which made the belt prac-
tically endless on the pulley-side, so there was no oppor-
tunity for clinker-ash to get into the joint and abrade the
belt-ends, and also because in this method of joining, n»
metal came in contact with the pulleys to cause wear. More-
over, exceptional strength of the heads of the Crescent
rivets and the formation of Crescent plates prevented de-
struction of belt-joint through abrasion by the clinker.
In six months of operation, this conveyor has carried
61,000 tons of clinker, and the Standard Portland Cement
Co. credits the saving of $300 in belt-cost alone to this con-
veyor. The belt used was Goodyear 'hy-temp', which is
made particularly to withstand temperatures up to 200°,
and is adapted for work on conveying jobs in mines, coking-
plants, and cement-factories where heat resistance ani
ability to withstand hard wear are prime requisites. Not
alone on heavy drives, such as tube-mill, Griffin mill, crusher,
and heavy conveyor units are Crescent belt-fasteners suc-
cessfully used, but also on lighter drives of all kinds where
dependability is an economic factor, as they assure con-
tinuous production. The Crescent Belt Fastener Co. has
just published a new hand-book illustrating Crescent belt-
fasteners in use on many different kinds of belting an*
under different conditions.
ASSOCIATION OF ACCOUNTANTS
The Industrial Cost Accountants Association was organ-
ized in Chicago on June 18 by representatives of leading
manufacturers in various lines of industry. The object of
the new association is the standardization of accounting and
cost terminology and the adoption of standard governing
principles; the promotion of active co-operation and Inter-
change of experiences between representatives of mainufac-
turers engaged in similar activities; the education of the
members and their business associates in the complex eco-
nomic problems of industry; to assist standardization com-
mittees in each line of industry in establishing uniform ac-
counting and cost practices; to act as a clearing house i»
distributing to all members the development in cost prac-
tices to the end that uniformity, once established, may be
maintained.
M. F. Simmons, of Schenectady, New York, supervisor of
costs for all General Electric Co. interests, was elected presi-
dent of the association. C. H. Smith, of Wilmerding, Penn-
sylvania, director of clerical operations of the Westinghouse
Air Brake Co. interests, was elected first vice-president.
Roland H. Zinn, of New York, was elected second vice-presi-
dent. A. A. Alles, Jr., of Pittsburgh, secretary of the Fawcus
Machine Co. and treasurer of the Schaffer Engineering &
Equipment Co., was elected secretary-treasurer of the new
organization. Headquarters of the association win be i»
Pittsburgh, at the office of the secretary-treasurer, 1501
Peoples Bank Building.
tail
i'.;;p
ttii
1 D i
I n
(«!
lift
'"■■si
tad
'■in.,
! «j
' lb
Will
J.ll
1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
W9
UNDERGROUND PROSPECTING AT JOI'I.IN
Hy P. R. Algt-r
For years there has been a need for some convenient and
economical method of underground prospecting In the load
and line mines in the Joplin or Tri-State mining district;
and this has been especially urgent in the Picher-Miami sec-
tion recently developed, it frequently happens that the ore-
•ody Is worked out and the owners wish to locate, for oper-
ation from the same shaft, other bodies of ore on their prop-
coupling, sit Fig. 2, which lit" the up.-.et and threaded
female ends of the drill-steel, and makes a substantial and
readily handled coupling. A particular advantage of the
Fiff. 1. Sullivan Class FS-.'i Murk-Drill
erty, without going to the expense of new openings from
the surface. Often the presence of these bodies has been
iadicated by drilling from the surface. Sometimes their
location is roughly determined by the geological indications.
It is a well known fact that the 'runs' of ore frequently fol-
low water courses, spreading out at some points and dimin-
ishing at others.
Sometimes the presence of these runs of ore is indicated
above the mine stope; frequently they are below the general
level of the mine. For this class of work, even in the high
stopes of the Joplin district, the use of a churn-drill under-
ground is impracticable. Although diamond-drilling has
keen demonstrated to be practicable the cost is high.
A method has recently been employed which gives prom-
ise of excellent success. This consists in the employment
of a Sullivan 'Hy-Speed' rock-drill of large size, mounted on
a tripod, and operated by compressed air. The machine em-
ployed is the Sullivan Class FS-3 machine, see Fig. 1, with
4j-in. cylinders, mounted on a Lewis hole tripod, having a
planed and slotted front bar, such as is used in quarries for
drilling parallel holes to split granite blocks. The FS-3
machine is exceedingly substantial and powerful; it is equip-
ped with a hollow piston and employs hollow drill-steel.
With it, holes have been drilled in Joplin-Miami mines to a
depth of more than 40 ft. and under favorable condition in
this class of work the drill is capable of putting in 60-ft.
holes. Round hollow steel of If in. diameter is employed.
For lengths above 15 ft. the steel is jointed, the joint itself
being similar to that used in churn-drill practice. The dif-
ferent sections are connected by means of a double male
I'lc. B, Cmiiillni: tin Drill s-l.'i'l
FS-3 drill consists in the cushion valve at the front end of
the cylinder. When running inio pockets, or caves, damage
to the front head may be prevented by throwing a lever near
the front end of the drill, which puts a front head cushion
into effect and relieves the drill entirely of the shock and
danger of breakage from pounding on the front head. This
feature is also of value in freeing steel that has become
stuck.
This drill can put holes in any direction or at any angle.
In the work already done, some holes were directed a little
below horizontal, and others at an angle of about 60° above
horizontal. The cuttings are preserved in the same manner
as cuttings from a churn-drill hole, and provide a reason-
ably accurate record of the orebody penetrated. The ad-
vantages of this method of prospecting are obvious. In the
first place the deep holes from the surface, running through
150 to 200 ft. of worthless cap rock, are avoided. In the
second place, the angle at which the drilling is done permits
the orebodies to be cross-cut, thus furnishing a valuable
check on any previous vertical drilling. Third, a large sav-
ing in time is effected, as compared with other methods of
prospecting.
AN IMPROVED STRETCHKR
By J. C. Williams
A few years ago I made a litter or stretcher with a joint
lengthwise through the centre through which ran a strap,
which, when withdrawn, allowed the stretcher to separate
like a door-hinge when the centre pin is withdrawn. At
that time the care of injured employees took up but little
time of the employer, who had not realized that a workman
was an asset while he worked but became suddenly a liability
when he was injured; the term 'first aid' was not yet coined.
However, the largest industrial concerns suddenly woke up
to the importance of caring for their employees, many States
passed drastic laws to enforce care for injured employees
and to guard against accidents. Today the large plant that
has not a safety-engineer or first-aid superintendent is the
exception and not the rule. We christened our stretcher
from its inception 'Williams' Improved Stretcher', feeling
sure that would include its' past, present, and future, for it
has been a succession of improvements — and the end is not
yet. The only features remaining unchanged today are, the
use of white duck owing to the fact that it can be washed
when soiled, while colored ducks cannot be; and the size of
the cot which remains, 2 by 6 ft., thus assuring interchange-
ability. Get a cot from us now and it will fit a stretcher
bought of us two years ago. Practically all other stretchers
are as alike as 'peas in a pod' — simply a strip of canvas, hem
on each end, tacked to wooden handles with braces about
one foot from each end for spreaders and iron legs riveted
on, there are usually about seventy-five tacks to each side
so it is out of the question to take the cot off to wash, in fact,
this kind of stretcher is not intended to be washed, but to be
thrown away when soiled and new stretchers bought. With
our improved stretcher no two component parts are insepa-
rable, for instance, the cot is in two interlocking parts, the
rubber strap acting as lock, the spreader and legs are of one
piece and easily slipped from the handles, the handles slip
through a hem at each side of the stretcher, there are no
tacks, no catches of any kind, so when it Is taken apart, we
have two handles, two spreading-iron and legs, one rubber
110
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 17, 1920
strap, and one each right and left-hand cots. Any and all of
these parts can be perfectly cleaned. We sell our stretcher
in a dust-proof bag so it reaches the customer clean and can
be kept clean, always ready for instant use. Naturally we
do not compete in price with the old-fashioned stretcher any
more than mazda lamps do with kerosene lamps.
NEW AUTOMATIC CONTROL-PANEL FOR MOTOR-
GENERATOR SETS
In mines and metallurgical plants where the direct-cur-
rent supply is obtained from a motor-generator set, it is fre-
quently advantageous to control the power equipment from
some remote point, thus eliminating the necessity of an
or the breaker may be left closed and the equipment oper-
ated by means of the remote control-switch. The closing
of the main circuit-breaker effects the closing of the phase-
failure and reversal relay, unless one or more of the phases
are open or reversed, in which case the abnormal condi-
tion must be moved from the line before the relay will close.
This relay has also the characteristics of a voltage-relay, so
the equipment will not operate if the line-voltage is very
low. After the relay closes, the automatic starter connects
the motor through an oil-switch to the low-voltage taps of
an auto-transformer. When the equipment has come up to
speed, the oil-switch opens and a second oil-switch connects
the motor directly to the supply-line, at the same time com-
pleting a circuit to the closing-coil of the automatic re-
Switchboard for Automatic Control of Miitor-tieneratnr Sets
Rear View of Board, Showing A. C. Oil-Switeiies and Cireuit-Breaker
attendant at the switchboard. Several mines are using
with their motor-generator sets an automatic control-panel,
shown in the illustrations, which has all the protective fea-
tures used in the small modern switchboards, and may be
controlled from any remote point by means of an ordinary
snap switch.
This automatic equipment, manufactured by the Cutler-
Hammer Mfg. Co. of Milwaukee,, consists of the necessary
circuit-breakers, switches, relays, fuses, and recording in-
struments mounted on slate panels carried on a floor-type
frame. The primary equipment of the control-panel shown
in the illustration consists of a hand-operated oil circuit-
breaker provided with inverse time overload attachments, a
phase-failure and phase-reversal relay, and an automatic
starter of. the auto-transformer type. This is to be used
with induction motors, but the same general equipment with
a few slight changes can be used with motors of the syn-
chronous type. On the direct-current side a knife-switch,
voltmeter, and ammeter with the necessary fuses, and an
automatic re-closing circuit-breaker are provided.
With the remote control-switch 'on' the controller may be
operated by merely closing the main-line oil circuit-breaker.
closing circuit-breaker, which immediately closes, establish-
ing the generator voltage on the direet-current feeders. In
case of an overload on the direct-current side, the circuit-
breaker opens, and re-closes when the overload is removed.
The oil-switches used on this equipment were described and
illustrated in the January 10 issue ol 'Mining and Scientific
Press'. These control-panels can be furnished in different
capacities up to 300 kw. and, when desired, can be built for
operating two motor-generator sets in parallel.
The Worthington Pump & Machinery Corporation an-
nounces the purchase from the Piatt Iron Works, Dayton,
Ohio, of its drawings, patterns, jigs, templates, special
tools, good-will, and came, in connection with the following
products: (1) oil-mill machinery, suitable for the extrac-
tion of oil from all sorts of nut and seed products, com-
prising crushers, cookers, cake-formers', presses, filters, and
pumps; (2) hydraulic turbine and water-wheels, including
horizontal and vertical, high and low-head machines; (3)
feed-water heaters, steel and cast-iron, horizontal and ver-
tical; (4) high-pressure air-compressors ,for torpedo and
other high-pressure charging, cleaning, and discharging.
JI.IKHIIM,
I" H It I I II Mull III I nil.
'.<': uiihiiiiimnmii
MiiiiimiiiiiiMimiiiniii
nnnnimo
m
EDITORIAL STAFF
T. A. RlCKARO, Editor
L. a parsons, associate editor
A. B. PARSONS, ASSOCIATE EOITOR
Member Audit Bureau of Circulations
Member Associated Business Papers, Inc.
ESTABLISHED 1860
PiihtMmt at ISO Market St., San Francisco,
hv ttu Detect) PabtUhfno Compan|i
BUSINESS STAFF
C. T. Hutchinson, manager
E. H. LESLIE, 600 Fismer Bdc, Chicago |
F. A. WEIGLE, 3514 WOOLWORTM Bdg,, N.V, |
i n ii"! iiiiimiiiiiiiiuniii
iiiiiinnnitinii iiiiiiiitiniiiiiiiiimiiiiiimiiimimiiiiiimiiiii mm iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiitiiitiniiiiiiiiiiiin
SCIENCE HAS NO ENEMY SAVE THE IGNORANT
Issued Every Saturday
San Francisco, July 24, 1920
$4 per Year — 15 Cents per Copy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EDITORIAL
NOTES
Page
. Ill
METAL I'i'OTATIONS 112
Smeller .settlements based on a "guess". A true
weighted average has never been available. The
McGraw-Hill publications are absolved from collu-
sion, and the editor of the 'Journal' given credit for
bis frankness. A fake acknowledged at last.
MELTING LEAD-ZINC ORES 113
Discussion of Mr. Gilbert Rigg's paper by a num-
ber of metallurgists. Peculiar practice in a Rhode-
sian plant. The result of high-zinc and high-sul-
phur content on blast-furnace operation. De-
zinking slag. Mr. W. Dewar on roasting. A tend-
ency to neglect the older processes, in enthusiasm
for the new.
THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 114
.Mr. William B. Colver's statement of the reasons
for the creation of the Commission. The hearing
on the complaint against Minerals Separation.
Procedure not adapted to eliciting the truth. Ir-
relevant matter in a voluminous record. Sufficient
evidence to warrant disciplining Minerals Separa-
tion should appear.
DISCUSSION
THE PRICE OF GOLD
By Thos. French 115
Issue is taken with a letter from Mr. A. Moline.
British notes and gold coins. Reference to a
speech by Mr. Francis A. Govett.
AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT
By Thomas T. Read 115
The experiment of Charles W. Gardner. Gold and
quicksilver. Quicksilver wets gold as oil wets a
lamp-wick. The solubility of gold in mercury.
By Martin Schwerin 116
Explanation of the phenomena described by Mr.
Gardner: gravity, amalgamation, resistance of the
gold, surface-tension of the mercury. A third ex-
periment suggested.
ARTICLES
PROBLEMS IN MINE VENTILATION
By Walter S. Weeks 117
Characteristic curves. Effects of variation in
speed. Operation of fans in series and in parallel.
Economic size of airways; a concrete problem.
Selection of an appropriate fan and motor,
factors involved in a choice.
The
A PINCH OF SALT
By Charles T. Hutchinson 123
"Once upon a time there was a promoter"; also a
bank-president whose opulence had not overcome
his cupidity. He visits a mine and takes some
samples. Thereupon he lays a trap for the un-
wary promoter. A publicity campaign. The
grand opening of the mine and mill. The pro-
moter departs for New York to take a deserved
vacation. An engineer arrives on the scene in
time to prepare an obituary — of the mine.
ELECTRO-METALLURGY OF MANGANESE ORE. . . . 132
Plant of Bilrowe Alloys Co. at Tacoma. Descrip-
tion of the equipment. Analyses of ore treated and
the alloy produced.
NOTES
STIFF HATS FOR MINERS 116
CONCENTRATION OF MAGNETITE ORE 122
DEPARTMENTS
REVIEW OF MINING 133
THE MINING SUMMARY 141
PERSONAL 142
THE METAL MARKET 143
EASTERN METAL MARKET 144
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS 145
Established May 24, 1860. as The Scientific Press: name changed October
20 of the same year to Mining and Scientific Press.
Entered at the San Frai Cisco post-office as second-class matter. Cable
address: Pertusola.
Branch Offices — Chicago. 600 Fisher Bdg.; New York, 3514 Woolworth
Bdg.: London. 724 Salisbury House, E.C.
Price. 15 cents per copy. Annual subscription, payable in advance:
United States and Mexico. $4; Canada. $5: other countries, 56.
22
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
PUMPS forMINE andMia
GARDNER.
DUPLEX
PUMP
DOURTE
VALVELESS
PUMP
Ask
Massco
Engineers
to recommend the proper pump
for your need. Illustrations show
a few of the nationally known
pumps available through Massco
Service. With each pump sale
goes the benefit of years of expe-
rience in fitting out mines and mills
with proper pumping equipment.
GOULDS
TRIPLEX PLUNGER.
PUMP
Make a note nolo that
Massco Service can supplp
your pumping needs
The JWine and
Smelter Supply
Company
Denver Salt Lake City El Paso
Neto Yor-k. Office: 42 Broadway
.lulv 24, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
111
T. A. K.ICKARV, .... Editor
IIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIItlllllllllltlllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIII!
iiimjiiiiiiiiiliiimiiiiimmiiimMMmiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiimiiiHilJiiiiliiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiilmiHi
OALES of copper during June were 52 million pounds,
^ as compared with G2 in May and 1(11 in April, making
a total "I' 215 million pounds fur the second quarter of the
year, as compared with 639 millions during the first
quarter and 753 millions in the last quarter of 1919.
Thus in nine months 1607 million pounds has heen sold,
besides 350 millions of copper refined in the other coun-
tries. The refinery output in the United States has been
ahoid 1250 million pounds during the nine months, in-
dicating a reduction in world stocks of 357 million
pounds. That is less than was hoped. At present the
stock of refined metal in this country is about 400 million
pounds, not counting the copper in course of treatment.
The figures for the first quarter of this year show the
effect of the crippled railroad traffic, which has been in-
jurious both to production and consumption. It is ap-
parent also that there has been a hitch in the arrange-
ment for financing the export of copper to France. More-
over, our legal state of war continues to militate against
our commerce in metals as in other commodities needed
by Europe.
TN our last issue we mentioned tlie fact that the Mining
■*■ Experiment Station of the U. S. Bureau of Mines has
been moved from Golden, Colorado, to Reno, Nevada, be
cause the trustees of the Colorado School of Mines de-
clined to renew the contract whereby the Station was
Quartered in a suitable building, but offered new quarters
in an unsuitable building, and stipulated that all work
done by the Bureau in Colorado should be done at
Golden. This last proviso seems to have been prompted
by jealousy of the University of Colorado, at Boulder,
where oil-shale investigations are being conducted by the
Bureau. The trustees, it seems, have made a blunder.
The editor of 'Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering',
Mr. H. C. Parmelee, says: "The transparency of this
subterfuge will be evident to those who are familiar with
the location of the mill in the creek-bottom and its unfit-
ness for use in the delicate and exact work conducted by
the Bureau ' '. This refers, of course, to the new site offered
by the trustees. Mr. Parmelee knows whereof he speaks,
for he was president of the Colorado School of Mines and
had to resign, for reasons that do him no discredit. We
are informed that the mining people of Colorado appre-
ciate highly the work done by the Bureau of Mines at
Golden and Boulder, and they ' ' deeply deplore the action
Zinc Experiment Station of 1he Bureau of Mines is to be
established at Rolla, and is to be conducted in association
with the Missouri School of Mines at that place.
FN the current 'Atlantic Monthly' Dr. Frederick Stair.
-*• the anthropologist, describes Mexican politics for the
benefit of the Boston intelligentsia. He finds many
analogies between conditions Upon the opposite banks of
the Bio Grande; for example, Carranza's effort to force
Ignacio Bonillas upon the Mexican people as his suc-
cessor in the Presidency was like Roosevelt's successful
effort in forcing Mr. Taft upon the American people.
In both eases, says Dr. Starr, the result was the disrup-
tion of the party and war to the knife, but he overlooks
the fact that the "war to the knife" in one case was
figurative and in the other literal. He seems to think
that fighting with ballots is much the same as fighting
with bullets. Disregarding a difference that seems to us
to be more than academic, he concludes that the American
people is in no position to criticize the Mexican people.
It is not the first time that an anthropologist has failed
to understand the politics of his own day. We have more
respect for the opinion of the small hoy who was asked
by his teacher: "Now, Johnny, can you tell me what is
raised in Mexico?" The bright boy replied promptly:
"Aw go on, I know what you want me to say, but ma
told me to cut out that rough stuff."
of the trustees"
Meanwhile we note that the Lead and
AMONG the items of misinformation appearing on the
editorial page of the 'Morning Howl' we note the state-
ment that "Great Britain has found an effective mode of
stimulating production in her South African mines in the
shape of a disguised bounty to producers". The stimula-
tion is due, of course, directly to the fall in exchange where-
by more shillings have to be paid for an ounce of gold ; the
cause lies as much in New York as in London. The article
in which the misleading assertion appears is meant to sup-
port the proposed $10 excise-tax on manufactured gold
under the terms of the McFadden bill. The chief objec-
tion made to this bill is that it is a piece of special
legislation, in behalf of a relatively small industry.
This, we must confess, is a valid objection, much as we
may sympathize with the gold miner. Such legislation
provokes log-rolling in Congress, after the fashion of the
methods by which support is obtained for River and Har-
bor Bill appropriations and tariffs in favor of various
domestic products. It has heen suggested that a law be
112
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
passed forbidding the sale of gold by the Mint to manufac-
turers, but any such provision would be avoided by taking
Federal Reserve notes and converting them into gold coin,
which could then be melted into bullion. Another idea is
to prohibit the use of gold in manufactures, thereby re-
stricting its employment to monetary purposes. All such
legislation is objectionable because it destroys the free
market for gold, on which in the long run we must de-
pend for a correction of the existing abnormal conditions.
The problem is one that has world-wide implications; it
is not local nor even national.
/~iN page 142 we give extracts from a speech made at
^-' Johannesburg by Mr. Samuel Evans, the chairman
of the Crown Mines company. Mr. Evans is a man much
respected for his sagacity and good sense. He stated that
the premium on gold produced from January to May
inclusive this year had averaged 21s. Id. per ounce, which
is equivalent to 25%. An ounce of gold is worth nor-
mally 84.95 shillings. The premium, he said, repre-
sented 7s. less than the increase in cost per ounce since
1913, which therefore must have been 28s., or $6.75, per
ounce produced. White wages have increased 69% since
1915 ; the average earnings of European workers have
risen 64.6%; stores cost 33% more, and other costs are
36% higher than five years ago. The purchasing power o
gold in South Africa, however, has not fallen as rapidly
its in England, where it is half what it was in 1914. If the
commodity price of gold had remained as it was in 1896
the average cost of mining on the Rand would be, accord-
ing to Mr. Evans, under 12s. per ton as against the actual
average of 22i{s. last year and the higher figure this
year. The banks of South Africa have been issuing
paper money at an accelerating rate and they seem bent
upon "plunging the country deeper into the paper-
money bog". In this respect South Africa is no solitary
sinner. The gold held by the 31 principal countries of the
world is only two billion dollars more than before the
"War, whereas the pile of paper money is larger by 43;
billions.
WE can think of no act of courage more unselfish or
" more splendid than to enter a burning or caving
mine in an effort to save the life of fellow workmen
The risk is not faced on the spur of the moment, it is
taken knowingly and deliberately; it means entering a
dark hole in the ground where the story of a valiant effort
may be buried with the bodies of those in danger and
their would-be rescuers, and even if successful there can
be nothing of the spectacular in the performance; there
is no glamor of heroic achievement before an admiring
crowd ; often there is less chance of saving the lives of
the imperiled ones than of losing those of the men that
seek to aid them. It is an everlasting tribute to the
miner that invariably when the emergency arises some-
one quietly undertakes the task of rescue. On the
occasion of the international first-aid and mine-rescue
contest to be held at Denver next September Dr. Freder-
ick G. Cottrell, Director of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, on
behalf of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association, will
present gold medals and appropriate diplomas to four
miners, and to the nearest surviving relatives of three
others, who lost their lives in their effort to succor fellow-
workmen. Mr. John L. Boardman, wearing an oxygen
helmet, single-handed saved three men who had been
overcome by gas from a fire in the West Colusa mine all
Butte. Mr. Daniel Bionvitch jeopardized his own life
by running his electric locomotive three times into I he
fire-zone at the Balkan mine in Bewalik, Minnesota, on
each trip bringing out men whose lives were imperiled]
At. the Gold Hunter mine, near Mullan, Idaho, two miners
were entombed as a result of a fall of ground. Mr. James
Collins and Mr. James Dillmark, while endeavoring to
help their comrades, were themselves caught by caving
rock. They were later rescued although buried to the
shoulders in broken ore. Messrs. Michael Conroy, Peter
Sheridan, and James D. Moore particularly distinguished
themselves in the terrible fire in the Speculator mine at
Butte, in which they and 168 other miners lost their
lives. The heroism of these three, however, stood out
particularly, and their relatives are now to receive the
honors that the men so unselfishly earned. The other
men named will receive their medals in person. There
are doubtless others both living and dead who under
similar circumstances have performed deeds equally
worthy. To them, let us hope, has come reward no less
than to these whose heroism is to have a public recogni-
tion so richly deserved.
Metal Quotations
Great is truth and it will prevail, says a Latin proverb.
We arc amused to read the naive and belated confession
of the 'Engineering and Mining Journal', in an editorial
appearing in the issue of July 10, acknowledging that ils
metal quotations are merely approximations, of a char-
acter unsatisfactory even to its editor. For many years
we have insisted upon the absurdity of mine-operators
selling their ore and basing their wage-scale on the guess
of a trade-paper in New York. Heretofore our contem-
porary has insisted upon the essential accuracy of its
weekly guesses and it has suited the metal-buyers to
accept its figures in the settlement of purchases from I he
smaller mining companies. The big ones, of course.
avoided doing anything so foolish; they sold their metal
through their own agencies. We have insisted again and
again that the price at which copper, for example, is sold
by a given individual or company may be ascertained
definitely, but the average price at which a variable num-
ber of producers at varying intervals sell varying quanti-
ties of copper cannot be determined by anybody, unless
all the transactions are known accurately, that is, a true
weighted average has never been available to the trade.
Only recently the editor of the 'Journal', anxious to
prove that the papers of the McGraw-Hill agglomeration
were not "in collusion " as to metal prices, showed what
discrepant quotations they have been giving their read-
era Of course, he proved too much; we hastened to ex-
cuse the 'Journal' from the charge of collusion and we
absolved it also of the imputation of accuracy. So now
Juh 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
11::
tin- editor rounds the inoidenl by confessing his quota-
Ions i" In- "unsatisfactory" because they are mere "ap
■roxiinations" of the truth. He deserves credil for Ins
frankness; in future there can b<- no misunderstanding as
to the real character of the 'Journal's' metal prices,
■here will be do excuse for relying upon them; there
lever was. Sellers of ore can, and should, settle on the
price thai the smelter obtains for the metal in their ore;
miners can. ami should, base their sliding scale of wages
upon the price thai the company obtains for its metal for
tin* month; as the metal is sold in advance, there need be
no trouble in adopting such an arrangement. It is a clear
Kin tn the industry that a fake should have been ac-
know ledged at last.
Smelting Lead-Zinc Ores
Last week we published a paper by Mr. Gilbert Rigg
in which he detailed recent improvements in the practice
of roasting: and smelting lead-zinc ore from Broken Hill
at the Tort Pirie plant. A number of well known metal-
lurgists associated with smelting enterprises in other
countries joined in the discussion of the paper and their
remarks, together with an informal reply by Mr. Rigg,
appear in the June bulletin of the Institution of Mining
and Metallurgy. Mr. Rigg has recently completed a tour
of the United States in the course of which he visited a
Lumber of the big smelters, and his comments are doubt-
less enriched by his observations in this country. The
discussion therefore brought together ideas on modern
practice in lead smelting from many parts of the world.
Mr. S. J. Speak described briefly the blast-furnace smelt-
ing of an oxidized lead-zinc ore in northern Rhodesia.
The furnaces were run in a decidedly unusual way. The
charge-column had a height of only 12 feet above the
tuyeres, the blast-pressure was maintained at less than 8
ounces, and the slag, which averaged 20.5% zinc oxide,
contained 43% ferrous oxide and was extremely low in
lime, the average analysis for lime and magnesia com-
bined being only 2 to 3%. The capacity of the furnace
was but two tons per square foot of tuyere-area, and the
slag usually contained 7% lead. Obviously this remark-
ably high lead content suggests faulty reduction and the
iquestion arises why a higher charge-column and a corre-
spondingly increased blast-pressure could not be used.
Moreover, the necessity for a moderate proportion of
lime to obtain good reduction is generally recognized. A
query from Mr. Rigg, as to whether any attempt had
been made to determine the particular form of the lead
in the slag, was answered in the negative. Without in-
tending any reflection on those in charge of the plant in
Rhodesia, there appears to be a fruitful field for pains-
taking and systematic experimental work with an excel-
lent chance for revising the practice in such a way as to
Jffect a decided decrease in the amount of lead in the
ilag; but final criticism would be imprudent, as the eco-
lomic conditions may have been such as to warrant the
procedure described. While on the face of it the metal-
urgy appears to be bad, it is certainly no more repre-
hensible than, for instance, tin- practice formerly in
vogue at Porl Pirie of feeding old slag, in proportion
ranging from one in two times the remainder of the
Charge, as a sort of physic to Hush the /inky matte
through tin- blast-furnace. The cost of quarrying this
slag, the additional fuel required, the reduction in effec-
tive capacity of the furnaces, and the cost of the final
disposal of the extra slag from the furnaces were obvious
defects, and. as was later demonstrated, they were all
unnecessary. The concensus of opinion was that a high
zinc content in the sintered material causes trouble in
the blast-furnace only when the roast has not been
effectual in reducing the total sulphur to a. point con-
siderably below what would be allowable were the zinc
not prominent ; in fact, the prime essential for the smooth
operation of the furnaces, when the analysis shows more
than 15 or 16% of zinc oxide, is the removal of the sul-
phur. At Port Pirie the sulphur in the sinter is kept at
approximately 2.5%. In this connection Mr. J. ('. Moul-
den pointed out that at Cockle Creek difficulty has always
ensued if the silica content of the slag, containing 20 to
22% of zinc oxide, is allowed to rise above 20%. Mr.
H. C. Lancaster injected a novel suggestion. He had
noted that, whereas slags containing 15 or 16% of zinc,
oxide were generally conducive to trouble, slags running
30 and 32%, in his experience, had been quite fluid and
exceptionally low in lead. He inferred that there might
be a critical point in the neighborhood of 20% beyond
which the difficulties incident to the presence of zinc
diminished. Mr. C. O. Bannister was impressed with the
possibilities opened up for an alternative method of
heneficiating a lead-zinc ore. The trend of metallurgical
development has been in the direction of making two ex-
ceptionally clean concentrates, one of lead and the other
of zinc ; this result, of course, being facilitated by the use
of flotation and fine grinding ; if, however, as seems prob-
able, a lead concentrate containing a reasonable propor-
tion of zinc can be smelted successfully and economically
and the zinc afterward recovered from the slag, the older
and more simple methods of concentration might be re-
vived. Several schemes for de-zinking slag are available.
At South Chicago two methods have been tried, namely,
charging the slag in lumps, and feeding briquettes made
of ground slag and pulverized fuel. The use of briquettes
gives a higher extraction, but, of course, introduces a con-
siderable extra expense. Blast-furnaces for de-zinking
have been used in the United States and Germany, but
the best success has been obtained in reverberatories, fed
at the side. This last point is important because of the
fact that the zinc-oxide fume is driven off before actual
fusion occurs ; accordingly the fuel-ratio and the opera-
tion must he regulated to avoid actual melting, or the re-
covery will be poor. Reverting to the roasting process,
Mr. W. Dewar agreed with Mr. Rigg that the three prin-
cipal considerations in any roasting operation are tem-
perature, time, and ventilation or contact of the ore
particles with the air; and that the three are comple-
mentary factors. In blast-roasting the third factor is
emphasized and the time is consequently reduced. He
114
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
points out that the difficulty is to keep the charge from
becoming hot enough to fuse before roasting is complete,
and that this may be accomplished by the addition of
limestone, iron oxide, and slag, and by damping the ore
preliminary to the roasting process. Primarily, blast-
roasting has the tremendous advantage of large capacity.
Mr. Riggs' figures indicate that in 24 hours 270 pounds
of sulphur is driven off per square foot of hearth-area as
against only 5 pounds in a furnace of the superimposed-
hearth type. However, the efficient utilization of Dwight
& Lloyd machines or Huntington & Heberlein pots de-
pends upon a careful study of the physical, no less than
the chemical, characteristics of the material to be smelted.
There seems to be a tendency, when a process has been
developed to a point where good results are obtained, to
subside to a vule-of -thumb practice. Perhaps also, metal-
lurgists, like the rest of us. are prone to take up fads and
to centre on them their entire attention while the more
familiar methods suffer from neglect. Without advo-
cating by any means a policy of metallurgical Bourbon-
ism we venture to say that much may be gained by de-
voting more time, talent, and energy to scientific research
in some of our supposedly perfected processes.
The Federal Trade Commission
We have received a copy of a speech delivered by Mr.
William B. Colver, a member of the Federal Trade Com-
mission, at Atlantic City on July 8. We note that he
says that "the Commission has been created to aid in
keeping the channel of the River of Commerce free
from obstructions and the Ships of Commerce moving
freely without undue interference, one with the other".
He says that the spirit of the legislation under which the
Commission was created is expressed by the phrase :
"Unfair methods of competition in commerce are here-
by declared unlawful," and he proceeds to expatiate on
this text by saying: "This declaration means that in
commerce there shall not be trickery or chicane; that
there shall not be the rule of might as opposed to right ;
that unfairness, meanness, ruthlessness, and dishonesty
have no place in American business." Which reminds
us of Mr. Bryan's proposal to compel equality of punish-
ment between the sexes in regard to infractions of the
seventh commandment. However, if the Federal Trade
Commission can help toward the much desired consum-
mation of promoting clean and fair business methods all
the way from New York to San Francisco, or from Cape
Cod to Cape Nome, it will deserve, and obtain, the grati
tude of all good citizens. We take an interest in Mr.
Colver's remarks because we were present at, and even
participated in, a recent hearing before the Federal
Trade Commission in San Francisco when its representa-
tives were taking evidence in the matter of the complaint
against the Minerals Separation people. This slight ex^
perience of its methods and the reading of the volumi-
nous record in this particularly interesting case prompt
the remark that the procedure, like that of the courts in
patent cases, seems curiously ill adapted to eliciting
the truth. In the first place, counsel for Minerals Sep-
aration understands the affairs of his company thor-
oughly; he has himself testified that he is a director of
the Minerals Separation North American Corporation,
and a stockholder in that corporation, "or rather, a
holder of voting-trust certificates". He holds the whip-
hand over counsel on the other side, who do not under-
stand the flotation controversy nearly as well, and are
bent apparently on a general fishing expedition in the
course of which they expect to catch some high-smelling
game. The method is something like the old equity pro-
cedure termed a 'bill of discovery'. The respondents
have had to submit to a search among their papers and
an investigation of their correspondence such as must
have proved extremely irritating. We would not spare
that irritation, remembering the high-handed and in-
quisitorial methods that they themselves have adopted
toward the operators of mines and mills, but we can
readily see that the methods permitted under the law to
the Federal Trade Commission are open to grave abuse!
As the identity of the complainant and the period cov-
ered by the actions of which complaint is made air uol
disclosed to the respondents or to the public, it is impos-
sible to appreciate how much or how little of the testi-
mony is pertinent. One thing is sure, there will be an
enormous mass of it to be digested by the members of the
Commission before they can deliver a decision. The
proceedings were started a year ago and the hearings
began on April 7 last in New York. They are now being
held in San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Denver.
Months must elapse before they are finished and more
months before the record is corrected and revised for
presentation to the Commission itself. A great deal of
irrelevant matter has been put into the record, simply
because it is impossible for the presiding officer, the
Commissioner, to tell off-hand how much of it has a
bearing on the issue. Opposing counsel engage in long
and wordy debates, not to mention acrimonious squab-
bles, over points that seem quite immaterial. The pro-
ceedings in San Francisco, under the direction of Mr.
Huston Thompson, seem to have been more orderly than
they were in New York, so far as we can judge by the
record, but even the Commissioner who presided here
had to allow a wide latitude in regard to the discussions
initiated by counsel on both sides. This does not impress
the spectator as an efficient method of inquiry. It is, of
course, an old-fashioned way of getting at the truth!
but it is woefully clumsy. In so far as the inquiry runs
parallel with the case now before the Court of Appeals
at Philadelphia, it is regrettable, for the hearings before
the Commission are quite unsuited to the ventilation of
technical questions, apart from the unseemliness of tra-
versing issues that are being tried elsewhere. The in-
quiry will, we expect, elicit ample evidence of the queer
practices of the Minerals Separation people and we hope
that it may lead to their being disciplined for any in-
fraction of the Clayton act, if they have been guilty
thereof, but it will, we fear, fail in loosening the blight-
ing tentacles of that patent-exploiting agency.
.lulv 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
115
D
The Price of Gold
The Editor:
Sir — In your issue of June 26, Mr. A. Moline says that
tin conclusions in my letter appearing in your issue of
March 6 are based on a misconception. He states that,
"when gold was quoted in London at £6 per ounce it
meant that for an ounce of gold you could get six British
notes or a negotiable instrument of equal face value, or
the equivalent value in other goods, but six sovereigns
could not be got for an ounce of gold under any conceiv-
able conditions. " He then goes on to show that if one
could get six sovereigns for an ounce of gold they would
be immediately melted down, making an ounce and a half
of gold, for which one would proceed to obtain nine sov-
ereigns, and so on ad lib.
The weak points in Mr. Moline 's argument are :
1. That in Great Britain it is illegal to mutilate or de-
stroy sovereigns. "When the price of gold rose in Eng-
land during the War, the immediate effect was the viola-
tion of the law, by certain of the public, in melting down
sovereigns. The British government at once took steps to
prevent this.
2. A British note, or a negotiable instrument of equal
face-value, is a promise to pay gold, in the ultimate. It
is quite conceivable that if a person must have gold for
an industrial purpose, he should give a promise to pay six
sovereigns for an ounce of gold at some future time, and
this was actually the case.
In support of what I have said, I would recommend
Mr. Moline and others to read and re-read the masterly
address delivered by Mr. Francis A. Govett at the annual
meeting of the Ivanhoe Gold Corporation, part of which
was published in your issue of June 5. If you will allow
me I shall quote Mr. Govett as follows: "For six years
past, except nominally, the convertibility has been sus-
pended, and, except in very small amounts, you could not
get gold for notes; but the credit of the note — the cur-
rency, either Bradbury or Bank of England — has not
been damaged to the extent of a penny piece. The fact
that prices have risen does not mean depreciation of the
currency ; nor is currency inflated ; currency is not in-
flated until the currency in circulation is in excess of the
demand. At the present time more people with higher
wages have been competing for scarcer commodities, more
currency has been required, and paper internally has not
depreciated in gold. Try it for yourselves. You can get
probably 50 or 100 sovereigns from the bank, once at any
rate, without being followed by a detective ; go and see if
you can buy more commodities with your hundred golden
sovereigns than you can with a hundred Bradburys. You
cannot do it unless you sell your gold to an illicit buyer
who proposes to melt it down."
In view of this I regret that I cannot accept most of the
five basic facts laid down by Mr. Moline. If No. 5 is cor-
rect, that "bar gold of specific fineness and sovereigns or
other gold coin are interchangeable on a fixed arithmetic
basis only", then why should an illicit buyer of sovereigns
want to melt them down ? No. 4, which states, ' ' The price
is expressed in the unit of measurement in current use,
and just now that is paper currency, not metallic cur-
rency," is sufficiently well answered by the quotation
from Mr. Govett. _, _,
Thos. French
Guelph, Ontario, July 8.
[Mr. French is, we think, inconsistent. He takes issue
with Mr. Moline when he says that ' ' six sovereigns could
not be got for an ounce of gold under any conceivable
conditions" and then immediately quotes Mr. Govett as
saying "For six years past, except nominally, the con-
vertibility [of notes] has been suspended. . ." Messrs.
Moline and Govett in substance concur, although Mr.
French apparently does not think so. — Editor.]
An Interesting Experiment
The Editor:
Sir — The results of the experiment described in the
communication from Charles W. Gardner, which appear-
ed in your issue of June 26, are "remarkable and unex-
pected" if the conditions of the experiment were exactly
as described, namely that the outer end of the gold strip
was above the level of the quicksilver in the vial. By
substituting a lamp-wick for the strip of gold and water
or oil for the quicksilver the forces involved remain the
same. When the outer end of the wick is below r the level
of the liquid in the vial, the liquid will drip from the
outer end of the wick ; in other words, the wick will act
like a siphon. Quicksilver wets gold just as oil wets a
lamp-wick, and the so-called capillary attraction causes
it to climb up. When it reaches the top and spreads over
to the downward-hanging segment gravity helps to pull it
down, so it accumulates at the lower end and finally drops
off, drop by drop.
The statement that in 30 days 1.9 grains of gold had
been "dissolved" by the quicksilver needs further ex-
planation. It cannot be literally true, for the solubility
of gold in mercury is very low, certainly not over 0.1%
at ordinary room temperatures. The exact quantity of
quicksilver used is not given but was apparently about
500 grains, which would suffice to dissolve only half a
116
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
grain of gold. Gold dissolves mercury, however, forming
one or more intermetallie compounds, as I have described
in some detail in Vol. XXXVII of the Trans. A. I. M. E.
'This appears in the form of distinct crystals, first de-
scribed by A. H. Chester in 1878, which seem to become
detached and float about in the quicksilver. It is ap-
parently for some such reason as this that the published
data as to the solubility of gold in quicksilver vary quite
widely, for Dudley found that the apparently dissolved
gold could be partly removed by filtering the quicksilver,
and my own results confirmed this. Our results indicated
that the solubility of gold in quicksilver at 20°C. is not
over 0.06%, and may be much less, the figure given repre-
senting our limitations as to filtering media, rather than
the actual solubility.
Thomas T. Read.
Washington, July 6.
ment, performed in water, to which is added a liquid to
sufficiently diminish its surface-tension, as for instance
alcohol, yields results as in air.
Martin Schwerix.
Cave-in-Rock, Illinois. July 6.
The Editor:
Sir — The experiment described by Mr. Chas. W. Gard-
ner in your issue of June 26 may be explained as follows :
The affinity of gold for mercury caused the gold bar to
act like a wick, up to the point of saturation. Upon sat-
uration, gravity caused the mercury to accumulate on the
lower outer end of the bar and drops to form. When the
first drop began to form the forces acting were gravity,
amalgamation, resistance of the gold to passage of mer-
cury, and the surface-tension of mercury: that in the
vial tending to force mercury up the bar and that en-
veloping the drop tending to force mercury back along
the bar toward the vial. The resultant coincided with
that, of gravity.
In the second experiment, conducted under water,
there was a hydrostatic head in the vial and on the outer
end of the bar, which exactly balance. In the vial its
sides were wetted by water but the convex surface of the
mercury was not wetted. Consequently the surface-ten-
sion of the water in contact with the mercury caused a
downward pressure, which the mercury transmitted along
the bar. On the outer end of the bar and acting against
the tendency toward the growth of a drop, there was
likewise an unwetted mercury surface enveloped in a skin
of water, the tension in which, per unit of surface, was
greater than the surface-tension on the mercury in the
vial, but acting in the opposite direction. This minute
unbalanced force acting opposite to the resultant of all
the forces in the first experiment sufficed to prevent the
discharge of mercury from the vial in the second experi-
ment.
If it be argued that this force is insufficient to suppress
the formation of the mercury drop, one need but consider
that 168 hours were required to form the first complete
drop ; which proves that the resultant of the unbalanced
forces in the first experiment, as measured by its effect,
was exceedingly minute : therefore a like minute force
acting in the opposite direction would restore equili-
brium. In the second experiment this is exactly what
happened.
. Proof of this explanation can be had if a third experi-
Stiff Hats for Miners
The -use of helmets during the War has accentuated
interest in the use of stiff hats in mines to protect the
miners against falling rock. About 40% of the acci-
dents in mines result from this cause. A large number of
these accidents could be prevented if the miners wore
stiff hats or helmets. The use of protective devices for
the head in mines is not new, for they have been in use
for many years in Europe and in the Lake Superior dis-
trict in the United States. In practically all of the
mining districts in Europe stiff hats of some kind are
required by the managers of the mines. George S. Rice,
chief mining engineer of the Bureau of Mines, reports
that in Germany, Belgium, and France stiff hats made of
papier mache or felt rosin are in use. Similar hats are
generally employed in the Lake Superior district. In
building the subways of New York and Philadelphia it
was the practice of engineers and workers to let the hair
grow long and to wear a close fitting cap or felt hat. In
Germany the hats are high, like the military helmets,
whereas in France and Belgium they fit more closely to
the crown. In England both kinds are worn. As a rule
the miners use soft padded caps, but in Yorkshire many
of the miners use tight-fitting caps of sole-leather made
on a jockey pattern with the seam forming a little ridge
down the middle of the cap. These hats are useful in
low thin beds of coal, as in crawling one is likely to strike
his head on a sharp piece of rock or on a timber. It must
be admitted such hats do not stick on well, though this is
usually due to their not being specially fitted. The
German hat is unsuited to an American-shaped head.
It is interesting to note that on the Continent tight
cotton caps are generally worn over the hair and under
the hard hat. This is a measure for cleanliness. In low
beds of coal where much crawling on hands and knees is
necessary the dirt and coal dust sift down, making the
miner black and dirty. In metal mines stiff hats are of
especial use in shaft-work; also in raises or high stopes.
A small fragment of rock falling some distance either
down a shaft or raise would kill a man if it struck him
squarely on the head. A stiff hat or helmet may protect
him and save his life. At a station in a shaft where men
are loading a cage or skip, some kind of adequate head
protector should be compulsory. A head-protecting cap
which is also a good insulator should be worn where there
is danger of striking one's head against a wire carrying
an electric current. As a rule, miners are more willing
to take chances than to wear a hat that is cumbersome or
hot. The European miners have become so accustomed
to the use of a head-protecting device that wearing one
has become second nature to them. It would be desirable
if stiff hats were in more general use in our mines.
.Inly 24, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
117
Problems in Mine Ventilation
By WALTER S. WEEKS
We have completed our discussion of the method of de-
termining mine-resistanee. When the mine-resistance
has been calculated, a fan can be specified that will be
suited to the work.
Another phase of the problem of ventilation is to pre-
dict the amount of air that a given fan will circulate if
the resistance is known. This type of problem occurs in
tunnel-driving where the air is forced to the breast
through an ever increasing length of pipe. We should
like to know how much air the fan will deliver at differ-
ent periods during the advance of the tunnel.
Through the kind permission of the American Blower
Co. I am able to use its chart showing the drop in pres-
sure in air-pipe. See Fig. 1.
Let us assume that a tunnel is to be ventilated with a
16-in. pipe. The tunnel is to be driven 4000 ft. The
static-pressure characteristic of the fan when operated at
the rated speed is shown in Fig. 2, curve A. How much
air will this fan deliver when the tunnel is in 2000 ft.
and how much when it is in 4000 ft? From the pipe-
chart we read the drop in pressure in a 16-in. pipe per
100 ft. with amounts of air from to 6000 cu. ft. per
minute in circulation. The drop in pressure for other
lengths may be easily calculated, as it is proportional to
the length. The resistance offered by the tunnel to the
returning air after it leaves the pipe is generally negli-
gible because of the low velocity.
We may plot on the chart with the fan characteristic
the pipe characteristic that shows the drop in pressure in
a given length with varying amounts of air. In Fig. 2,
B is the pipe characteristic for 2000 ft. and C, for 4000
ft. The point where a pipe characteristic and a fan char-
acteristic intersect shows the pressure and quantity at
which the system reaches equilibrium. The quantity that
will be delivered may be read vertically below the point
of intersection. The same method might be used to de-
termine how much air a large fan would circulate in a
mine but the computation would be tedious.
Effect of Variation in Speed. It is often desirable to
have the pressure-volume characteristics of a fan for sev-
eral different speeds. If the characteristic at one speed
is available others may be computed.
In Fig. 3, A is the characteristic of a fan running at
1000 r.p.m. Let us determine the characteristic at 2000
r.p.m. We know that if we double the speed we double
the air and obtain four times the pressure if the condi-
tions are unchanged. Select any point on the curve A
and we obtain the combination of pressure and volume
which occurs when the orifice is open a certain amount.
If we were running a test at double the speed, at some
time we should have this same gate-opening. When that
happened the fan would deliver twice the air, at four
times the pressure, that it did at 1000 r.p.m. So if we
select any point on the 1000-r.p.m. characteristic and
multiply the quantity by two and the pressure by four
we shall obtain a point on the 2000-r.p.m. characteristic.
Curve B is the 2000-r.p.m. characteristic constructed
from curve A. The density of the air is assumed to be
the same in both cases. By plotting a number of curves
at different speeds on the same sheet as used for the pipe
characteristics, a complete knowledge of a tunnel-venti-
lating system may be gained.
Operation of Fans in Series. When the limiting
speed of a fan is reached and the pressure produced is
inadequate, the pressure may be increased by connecting
fans in series; that is, the discharge of one fan is piped
into the suction of another. Any number of fans may
be operated in series. The same result may be obtained
by placing the fans at intervals along the line. If the
fans are close together a high pressure is produced at the
entrance of the pipe. Accordingly if the pipe-line is full
of leaks much air will be lost.
Fig. 4, A and Fig. 5 are the characteristics of two fans
that are to be operated in series. To determine the result
of such a scheme we plot a combined characteristic curve
by adding the water-gauge readings produced by the two
fans with the same given quantity. Curve B, Fig. 4, is
the combined characteristic. Whichever fan is receiving
air from the other produces a slightly higher water-gauge
than when running alone because it does not have to
accelerate the air at the inlet, and because it is handling
air of a higher density, but consideration of the extremely
slight difference is unnecessary.
The smaller fan will be a help where the quantity is
less than 30,000 cu. ft. per minute. At that point
it is circulating its maximum amount of air and the
static pressure produced is zero. If more air than this is
circulated the smaller fan will be a hindrance because a
part of the pressure produced by the larger fan will be
consumed in forcing the air through the smaller, and so
the two in series would deliver less air than the larger
one alone. The combined characteristic curve may be
treated as the curve of a single fan.
The Operations of Fans in Parallel. The study of
the operation of fans in parallel is somewhat more compli-
cated. Let us assume for the purpose of exposition that
conditions are as shown in Fig. 6. Fan No. 1 blows air
through 300 ft. of 12-in. pipe to the point where 200 ft.
of 12-in. pipe brings the air from fan No. 2. The ducts
unite at B and the air is then conducted through 500 ft.
of 18-in. pipe. In Fig. 7, curve A is the characteristic of
fan No. 1 and in Fig. 8, curve C is the characteristic of
fan No. 2. The problem is to determine the load that
each fan will assume. First plot the pipe characteristic
118 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS July 24, 1920
n
^
i iiitim 1
_
»
\
^
o
^
^
T
jinlijn
iinhn
Aj
-r-
^
t 1 1 u
mrW
ui,
-+-
5t±±
4
\
\
\
\
\
\
\\v
\ \
\
\
\
\
\ S
v
V
( \
\
\
\
\ \
S
'\
\
\
\
\Vy
\\^
V
V
^A
\
\
'Av
vO»V
\
A*
>v*
%'i
*^\V
c
/-
/'
WK
,°)
dS^
N
*»
/^^
j^\
&
g
^
j£\
< -
:
£k
cv
v^\
A 3
%\\"
vg^
\
/>o\.
cfi\^
\ ^
&
^A^
\\ v
* v^^
*
1^
\ ,
*'
\<£
/K y
iJ^'
v
X
iA"\ "
^5
V?
^
^\'
-A^
\
>
C\
3^ 9^
A
^
/A
w
\ ^3
\
\
5
^
i^o
p
iS X,
^>\
V^-"'
3 n.
I s
"^>
\0>
^
<
1
"9t<
In
°\
l* *^
^\\
■>
A
rv
^s
^i
<i\
V
v
y-
\
^>\
^
\
"\ V
b
\\
-^ <■
l»>*
(C
.
^
s
%
;\
V
'\
s ^
-^A
>
X
V
H.
\
f
pf
^
A
v
^
\
^ \
__y^
%
\
\
."
K
v
A
\
^
\\
^^
^ \
PV
^\
\
X
-^\
N \
jp^
\
V
\
^
\
\)^
\
\\\
\\\
/j>^
^^ "*■
^C
i
V
X-
\
\ f <?
^
s \
^
\1
■fi i i
■1 ITf"
£>^
il'l'l"
1TTT1
tr
>h
Ayim
nmim'
\
-1-
"H
4-4-
4- 1 ' M 1
-n-rr
■i i A| iriT
w*.
n
^
4-
1000,000
800,000
600,000
500,000
■400.000
300,000
aoo.ooc
150,000
100,000
80.000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
ZO,000
15,000
10,000
6,000
fc.OOO
5,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
1,500
1,000
800
400
CV
Id
tL
h-
id
Id
k.
O
CD
J
O
Joo
6 og 8S iSS° I2n *> ■? *>■?>-. °. *> o 2 2 00030°.
FRICTION IN INCHES WATER GAUGE PER 100 FEET
FlG. 1. CHART SHOWING DROP IN PRESSURE IN PIPES
of the 18-in. pipe on either chart. It is shown in Fig. 8, curve. Then on the chart of No. 2 fan plot its pipe char-
curve E. acteristic. This is D in Fig. 8. The pressure at B (Fig.
Next on the chart for fan No. 1 plot the characteristic 6) will he determined by the total quantity of air that
of its pipe up to the junction. Curve B in Fig. 7 is this flows through the 18-in. pipe. The air that flows from
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
119
either fan must contain, when it reaches B, a pressure
equal to the pressure at />' sn the amount of static pressure
that can be consumed in the pipe from either fan before
reaching /.' will be the static pressure produced by the fan
when the air is flowing, minus the pressure at B.
Assume the total amount of air and 'pick-off' with a
pair of dividers the pressure at B from curve E, Fig. 8.
%40
4
7
1000 2000 3000 1000 5000 6000
CUBIC FEET Or AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. 2
Place one point of the dividers on curve C with the other
point vertically beneath. Keep the first point on the fan
•characteristic and move the dividers along until the other
touches curve D. Read the amount of air that the fan
will then give. This amount subtracted from the total
amount assumed must be what the other fan will deliver.
Turning now to Fig. 7, without altering the dividers,
place one point on the intersection of curve A and the
5
lb- 3 "
%20
5000 10,000
CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. 3
■quantity line just computed for fan No. 1. If, when the
•other point is vertically beneath the first, it does not fall
on curve B our first assumption of the total air was in-
correct and we must make another and repeat the opera-
tion. If the point does fall on curve B the assumption
was correct and the division of the air will be as com-
puted.
Example. Assume 4050 eu. ft. per minute as the total
Y
A
"
air. To drive this through the 18-in. pipe the pressure at
B must be 2.6 in. We have then available for the pipe
from No. 2 fan the water-gauge that it will produce minus
8.6 in. When 1750 eu. ft. is flowing from fan No. 2 the
drop in pressure in the 12-in. pipe is 1.5 in. With this
amount of air the fan produces a water-gauge of 4.1 in.
so there will be left 2.6 in. at B. The difference between
4050 and 1750 is 2300, or the amount that the other fan
will deliver. When 2300 cu. ft. is flowing from fan No. 1
the drop in the 12-in. pipe from fan No. 1 is 3.9 in. The
I 3
N^
"^>d
20,000
CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. 4
fan produces 6.5 in. with this quantity, so the air when
it reaches B will have the 2.6 in. of static pressure that is
required. Of course it took several assumptions to solve
this example.
The Economic Size op Airways. The cost of driving
air through a duct depends to a large extent upon the
resistance offered by the duct. In selecting the best cross-
section for an airway, the one having the smallest ratio of
perimeter to area should be selected if possible. The
reason for this may be seen by inspecting the formula
for friction. Obviously the duct should be made as
smooth as feasible. After the shape of the duct is decided
upon, it becomes necessary to fix upon the size. In this
matter the cost of transmitting the air is the arbiter. The
2
IS
si
I
30.0
CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. 5
question may be best discussed by using a concrete case.
Let us assume that we are to sink a circular air-shaft
1000 ft. to connect with the mine-workings. The shaft is
to be in use for twelve years. It costs $20 per cubic yard
of excavation and 100,000 cu. ft. of air per minute is to
pass through the shaft. The efficiency of the fan and
motor is 60%. The coefficient for friction is assumed to
be 0.000,000,007,3. Power costs $150 per horse-power-
120
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
•Table I — Sinking-Fund Table
Time Rate of interest
At end
olyear 2% 3% 4% 5% 8% 7% 8%
1st ... 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2d ... 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08
3d ... 3.06 3.09 3.12 3.15 3.18 3.21 3.25
4th ... 4.12 4.18 4.25 4.31 4.37 4.44 4.51
5th ... 6.20 6.31 5.42 6.52 5.64 5.75 5.87
6th ... 6.31 6.47 6.63 6.80 6.98 7.16 7.34
7th ... 7.43 7.66 7.90 8.14 8.39 8.65 8.92
8th ... 8.58 8.89 9.21 9.55 9.90 10.26 10.64
9th ... 9.75 10.16 10.58 11.03 11.49 11.98 12.49
10th ...10.96 11.46 12.01 12.67 13.18 13.82 14.49
lllh ...12.17 12.81 13.49 14.21 14.97 15.78 16.65
12th ...13.41 14.19 15.03 15.91 16.87 17.89 18.98
13th ...14.68 16.62 16.63 17.71 18.88 20.14 21.50
14th ...16.97 17.09 18.29 19.60 21.01 22.55 24.22
16th ...17.29 18.60 20.02 21.58 23.27 25.13 27.15
16th ...18.64 20.16 21.82 23.65 25.67 27.89 30.33
17th ...20.01 21.76 23.70 25.84 28.21 30.84 33.75
18th ...21.41 23.42 25.66 28.13 30.90 34.00 37.45
19th ...22.84 25.12 27.68 30.54 33.76 37.38 41.45
20th ...24.30 26.87 29.79 33.06 36.78 41.00 45.76
21st ...25.78 28.68 31.98 35.72 39.99 44.86 50.43
22d ...27.30 30.54 34.26 38.50 43.39 49.01 55.46
23d ...28.8* 32.46 36.63 41.43 46.99 53.44 60.90
24th ...30.42 34.43 39.10 44.50 50.81 58.18 66.77
25th ...32.03 36.46 41.66 47.72 54.86 63.25 73.11
26th ...33.67 38.56 44.33 51.11 59.15 68.68 79.96
27th ...35.34 40.71 47.10 64.66 63.70 74.48 87.35
28th . . 37.05 42.93 49.98 58.39 68.52 80.70 95.34
29th ...38.79 45.22 52.98 62.31 73.64 87.35 103.97
30th ...40.57 47.58 56.10 66.43 79.05 94.46 113.29
31st ...42.38 50.01 59.34 70.75 84.80 102.07 123.35
32d . . .44.23 52.51 62.72 75.29 90.88 110.22 134.22
33d ...46.11 55.08 66.23 80.05 97.34 118.93 145.96
34th . . .48.03 57.73 69.88 85.05 104.18 128.26 158.63
35th ...50.00 60.46 73.67 90.31 111.43 138.24 172.32
36th ...51.99 63.28 77.62 95.82 119.11 148.91 187.11
37th ...54.03 66.18 81.72 101.61 127.26 160.34 203.08
38th ...56.11 69.16 85.99 107.69 135.90 172.56 220.33
39th ...58.24 72.24 90.43 114.08 145.06 185.64 238.95
40th ...60.40 75.40 95.05 120.78 154.75 199.63 259.07
41st ...62.61, 78.67 99.85 127.82 165.04 214.61 280.79
42d ...64.86 82.03 104.84 135.21 175.94 230.63 304.26
43d ...67.16 85.49 110.04 142.97 187.50 247.78 329.60
44th ...69.50 89.05 115.44 151.12 199.75 266.12 356.97
45th ...71.89 92.72 121.06 159.68 212.73 285.75 386.52
46th ...74.33 96.51 126.90 168.66 226.50 306.75 418.44
47th ...76.82 100.40 132.98 178.10 241.09 329.22 452.92
48th ...79.35 104.41 139.30 188.00 256.55 353.27 490.15
49th ...81.94 108.55 145.87 198.40 272.94 379.00 530.37
60th ...84.58 112.80 152.70 209.32 290.32 406.54 573.80
•From Trans. A. I. M. E.. Vol. XLI. Page 633.
Table No. 2. Data on Fans
Outlet Speed Mechanical Horse-
No. velocity r.p.m. efficiency power Price
1 4200 ,352 67.0 120 $1424
2 3500 30S 65.5 115 1712
3 3000 276 64.5 111 2024
4 2580 254 60.0 116 2432
Table No. 3. Yearly Charges Against Fans
No. Capital Power Total
1 5421 $19,950 $20,371
2 456 19,200 19,656
3 495 18,450 18,945
4 545 19,350 19,895
year. What should be the size of the shaft to transmit
the ail - most economically ?
Let us consider yearly charges. There will be two
types of charges, namely, capital and operating. In the
capital charge there will be interest and amortization.
The money invested in the shaft will carry, let us say,
an interest rate of 6%. Assuming that safe bank inter-
est is 5%, an amount must be charged against the shaft
each year, which, if placed in the bank at the end of each
year, at compound interest, will at the end of twelve
years equal the cost of the shaft. The only operating
charge that varies with the size of the shaft is that for
power so this alone must be considered in this group. We
must now take a series of diameters and determine the
yearly capital charge and the yearly operating charge.
The sum of these will constitute the total yearly charge
for transmitting the air. If we plot curves with the vari-
ous shaft-diameters as abscissae we can determine which
diameter will be the cheapest. To illustrate the method
of making the calculation I shall give the computation
for an 8-ft. shaft.
An 8-ft. shaft 1000 ft. deep will have a volume of 1861
cu. yd. Its cost at $20 per cubic yard will be $37,220.
The yearly interest charge at 6% will be $2233. To figure
the amortization we must have a sinking-fund table.
Table No. 1 gives the amount which will accumulate in
any number of years, if one dollar is placed in the bank
at the end of each year with interest compounded annu-
ally.
One dollar put aside each year at 5% will according to
the table amount to $15.91. In order to have $37,220 at
the end of twelve years we must put aside at the end of
each year 37 ; 220 _
15.91 ~~ * zdds
The total yearly capital charge will be
$2233 + $2339 = $4572
The amortization charge will be the cost of the shaft
multiplied by jrr: or 6.29%.
The total yearly capital charge then will be 12.29% of
the cost of the shaft.
The drop in pressure in the shaft computed with the
friction formula is 2.78 in. of water or 14.46 lb. per sq.
ft. The horse-power, assuming a 60% fan efficiency, is
14.46 X 100,000 „„
0.6 X 33,000 ' 6
At $150 per year 73 hp. will cost $10,950.
The total cost for transmitting the air will be
$4572 + $10,950 = $15,522
Such a calculation must be made for a sufficient num-
ber of diameters to determine which will be the most
economical. The results for this particular problem are
plotted in Fig. 9. The curve for total yearly cost is low-
est with a 10-ft. shaft. So this will be selected. It will
cost $10,744 per year to transmit the air through the
shaft. If an 8-ft. shaft were selected by guess it would
cost $15,522 per year and the owners during the twelve
3'ears that the shaft is to be used would lose, unneces-
sarily, about $57,000. This method of determining the
cheapest airway should be applied to the pipes in tunnel
ventilation as well as to mine-openings.
The Economic Size op Fan. I shall discuss the selec-
tion of a fan by means of an example. The shaft which *'
we have selected connects with a mine. We have appor-
tioned the 100,000 cu. ft. to the mine-workings and we
have calculated the mine-resistance exclusive of the air-
shaft and found it to be 1.22 in. The resistance of the
shaft is 2.78 in., so the total mine-resistance is 4 in., and
when 100,000 cu. ft. is flowing through the mine a water-
gauge at the collar of the shaft would read 4 in. The
area of a 10-ft. circular shaft is 78.5 sq. ft., so the veloc-
ity of the air in the shaft will be 1275 ft. per minute.
We decide upon the type and make of the fan and then
ask the manufacturer to submit a list of different sizes
which will give 100,000 cu. ft. of air per minute at a
•lulv 24, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRES
121
siiit ic pressure of 4 in., and at an outlet velocity greater
than 1275 ft. per minute. The list that we receive is
shown in Table No. -. The size of the fan increases with
the manufacturer's number. We are told that No. 1 fan
is operating at the high point on the efficiency eurve.
Any one of these fans operating at the speed stated will
deliver the prescribed amount of air at the designated
pressure.
Let us first see how this table illustrates some of the
lip.
12- in.
B
IS -in.
7 300 ft.
FAN No. I
500 ft
'-FAN No. 2
Fig. 6
principles that we have learned. No. 1 fan is operating
at the peak of the efficiency curve, hence the ratio of
stetic to velocity that is shown here will indicate to us
the ratio at which this type of fan is most efficient. The
outlet velocity is 4200 ft. per minute, so the velocity-pres-
j^rz) X 1 or 1.1 in. of water. The ratio of static
4
to velocity is r-j or 3.64. The larger fans, since they have
larger discharge-openings, will have a smaller outlet-
velocity with 100,000 cu. ft. of air. Since the static pres-
sure in all cases is 4 in., the ratio of static to velocity in-
W-J00 ft.
of IZ-in. F
'ipe
7
^-Fan Nc
.1
X
O ' IOOO 2000 3600 4000 5000 6000
CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. . 7
creases with the size of the fan and so we should assume
that the mechanical efficiency would decrease. The table
shows this to be the case.
The table states that the No. 1 fan requires 120 hp.
This should be checked. The velocity-pressure is 1.1 in.
and the static pressure is 4 in., so the total pressure is
5.1 inches.
5.1 X 5.2 X 100.000
Hp.
The ratio
5.2
33,000 X 0.67 u
always appears 'in this type of calcu-
33,000
lation.
The quotient is 6350. A person used to working such
problems would at once express this equation for slide-
rule computation thus:
:, 1 ■ 100.000
6350 ■ H.67
In the calculation of velocity-heads a alide rule should
lie used on which the top-scale figures are the squares of
those on the lower scale. Using the outlet velocity for
No. 1 fan as an illustration 1 will show how the velocity-
pressure in inches of water is quickly determined.
The velocity-pressure in inches of water is (t^j) X 1
Let V. P. = velocity-pressure in inches of water
Then,
4200
V 4000
On the lower scale of the rule divide 4200 by 4000. The
of IZ-in. Pipe.
500 ft of
10 -in. Pipe
IOOO zooo 3000 4000
CUBIC FEET Or AIR PER MINUTE
Fig. 8
result is the square root of the velocity-pressure so the
velocity-pressure is read directly on the top scale of the
rule.
To return to the fans, the other horse-powers may he
computed in the manner shown. The prices given are
those of the fans delivered at the mine. Our next move
is to consult the dealer in motel's. We are informed that
a 150-hp. 3-phase induction motor will cost, with belt,
$2000 at the mine. Its mechanical efficiency is 91% in
^/
Capital _
DIAMETER OF SHAFT IN FEET
Fig. 9
the range from three-quarters to full load. We are now
in a position to select the fan in the same way in which
we selected the proper size of airway. I shall make the
calculation on No. 1 fan to illustrate.
The cost of fan and motor is $3424,
The yearly capital charge is 12.3%, of this, or $421.
Using an efficiency of 90% for the motor and belt the
1 9
horse-power required will be ^-r =133.
133 hp. at $150 per year costs $19,950.
The total yearly charge is then $20,371.
122
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
Table No. 3 shows the yearly charges on all of the fans.
Evidently No. 3 fan will do the work most cheaply, but
how is it that a fan with a mechanical efficiency of 64.5 %
will do the work more cheaply than No. 1 fan that has a
mechanical efficiency of 67% ? The reason is this: No. 1
is developing a total pressure of 5.1 in. of water while No.
3 is developing a total pressure of only 4.56 in. ; so in
spite of the fact that No. 3 has the lower mechanical effi-
ciency, the power required to run it is lower. The speed
of the air entering the mine is 1275 ft. per minute, which
corresponds to 0.1 in. of water. The total head actually
required for the mine is 4.1 in. If we could have all the
conditions fulfilled and at the same time get the highest
mechanical efficiency it would be ideal, but we cannot.
As we go to the larger fans the velocity-pressure ap-
proaches that demanded by the mine, but as the outlet-
velocity decreases, the ratio of static to velocity departs
more and more from 3.64, so the mechanical efficiency de-
creases. After we go beyond No. 3 fan the increase in
power due to the decrease in mechanical efficiency more
than offsets the power saved by the lower velocity-pres-
sure and the power to run the fan increases with the size.
If the mine resistance is increased by the extension of
the workings the speed of the fan may be increased to
produce a higher pressure. If the same amount of air is
circulated, the ratio of static to velocity will be still
higher and so the mechanical efficiency will be lower.
The velocity-pressure in the air as it leaves the fan is
0.56 in. The velocity-pressure in the shaft is 0.1 in. Un-
less we can recover this by a gradually expanding duct
from the fan to the shaft 0.46 in. will be lost in shock.
Using an outlet-velocity that is higher than necessary is
uneconomical in the same manner that it is inefficient to
compress air to 100 lb. per square inch and use it at 50 lb.
per square inch. In the case of the fan we cannot help it.
This problem illustrates the term 'commercial effi-
ciency' which I used some time ago. No. 3 fan, although
mechanically not the most efficient fan for our purpose, is
from a monetary or commercial view-point the best fan
that we could select. In closing this series I desire to
thank Prof. B. M. "Woods, of the University of California,
for his constructive criticism, and R. B. Guernsey, of the
American Blower Co., for his interest and material aid in
the preparation of these articles.
[This is the last of a series of articles by Professor
"Weeks on the ventilation of mines. The former articles
appeared in the issues of April 24, June 12, June 19, and
July 3. — Editor.]
Concentration of Magnetite Ore
The whole process of magnetic concentration as applied
to the Eastern Mesabi magnetite ore is a good illustration
of the manner in which the various machines can be made
to work together so as to produce a high-grade furnace-
product from an ore containing only 25% iron in the
form of magnetite. The hard rock is first crushed to
about 3-in. size and is then passed over a magnetic cob-
ber. The field-strength of this cobber is so adjusted that
all of the coarse material containing no magnetic iron is
discarded as tailing. The concentrate from this cobber
is still too low-grade to be useful, and is, therefore, crush-
ed again to 2-in. size. This material is passed over a
second cobber and the worthless gangue again discarded.
This process of crushing, cobbing, and discarding worth-
less material continues until the product has been re-
duced to about i-in. size. "When this stage has been
reached, approximately one-half the ore has been dis-
carded as tailing and the other half contains practically
all of the magnetic oxide that was originally present in
the rock. This £-in. material, however, still contains too
much gangue to be a desirable furnace-product. It is,
therefore, crushed wet in ball-mills until it will all pass
a 100-mesh screen. This fine material is concentrated by
magnetic log-washers in which the final separation is
made. The concentrate produced by these machines is
then de-watered by the use of continuous filters in the
tank of which the fuel for sintering is mixed. The filter-
cake is conveyed directly to the sintering plant, where
the ore is agglomerated. After being sintered the ore is
screened in order to remove any fine material, and only
the clean coarse sinter is shipped to the furnaces. It is
apparent that in order to make this process a success
financially, a large initial investment is necessary. The
plant must be built in the most substantial manner, and
only that machinery can be used which will operate effi-
ciently and continuously under heavy loads and with
little personal attention. At best, the profit per ton that
can be made is small, and in order to make the proposi-
tion attractive financially, a plant of large capacity is
necessary. While this process is a success, from the
metallurgical point of view, its financial worth must yet
be demonstrated.
The Mesabi Iron Co., according to a recent bulletin of
the University of Minnesota, is now undertaking the last
stage in the experiment, that is, proving the financial
worth of the process. A plant is being built on the east-
ern end of the Mesabi range, and it is hoped that within
a year or two this plant will be in operation and will be
contributing its share of ore to the yearly shipment from
the district. It is extremely fortunate for the district
and for the whole State that responsible individuals, who
are willing to expend large sums of money in order to
determine whether or not it is economically possible to
produce a merchantable material from this low-grade
ore, have become interested in this problem.
It is apparent that the success or failure of this first
attempt means much in the history of the Lake Superior
region. Thoughtful men of the iron-mining industry are
watching the progress that the Mesabi Iron Co. is making
with the greatest interest. They recognize the fact that
failure means a gradual decline of the district, while suc-
cess means the awakening of a new period of activity.
If the hard rock of the Eastern Mesabi containing only
20 to 30% iron can be mined, crushed, and concentrated
into merchantable product, it is not difficult to believe
that the vast amount of comparatively soft hematite con-
taining from 35 to 45% iron can first be rendered mag-
netic by roasting and then concentrated magnetically in
the same manner as described above.
-Itilv 24, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
123
Qi^ Charier T. \4ul'ch.vtv,fo»v'
Those wlio, from the title of this article, expect to find
herein either a learned treatise on chemistry or a recipe
for some new viand that defies the H. C. L. will be dis-
appointed. The writer is neither a chemist nor a cook.
There is salt and salt. There is the chloride of sodium
of commerce, without which popcorn and many stories
lack a necessary something to make them satisfying, and
again, in mining parlance, there is that ingredient with-
out which many mines would fail of promotion, and
many samples would assay of Au nothing, and of Ag
even less. Let us then hasten to plunge into the subject,
now that the preliminaries are over, and we are settled
in our easy chairs and prepared for the worst.
Some philosopher once remarked upon our debt to the
great family of suckers, boobs, tenderfoots, and others of
that ilk, who view with scorn the modest stock or bond
that offers safety and a beggarly 7%, and who instead
absorb like a sponge an unlimited quantity of gaudy
stock certificates that have back of them nothing what-
ever but the alluring -will-o'-the-wisp of something for
nothing. These tender lambkins occasionally back a
winner in spite of themselves, and the story of their rise
to affluence through the 'investment' of a few paltry
dollars furnishes bait for ensnaring new crops of easy
marks for generations and generations. Without them,
an occasional enterprise of real worth would languish
and die; without them a lot of ingenious gents would
have to go to work at honest labor.
In the great world of mines and mining, there are
names to conjure with, names which have become se-
curely established by lives of honest square dealing, that
any enterprise with which they are connected is assured
of financial backing from the very start. Mining men of
this stamp do not hawk their wares along the highways
and byways; theirs are not the ornate, mahogany, and
brass equipped suites of offices with thick velvet carpets ;
they do not surround themselves with those sharp-eyed
young salesmen whose eyes are generally too close to-
gether and who never look you straight in the face.
Many and devious are the ways of the fake mine-
promoter. They would fill volumes if an attempt were
made to describe them all, but, fundamentally the differ-
ence is nil ; all are based upon certain elements of human
psychology, greed, the gambling instinct, the desire that
lies latent with all of us to get something for nothing,
persisting in spite of all warnings of common-sense, and
the touch of romance that with the human race begins
at the cradle and stops only at the grave. Many men
have made great fortunes by capitalizing their knowledge
of these fundamentals, and many more have contributed
their mites to the capacious maw of these predatory
cormorants of finance.
Once upon a time, there was a promoter. He has now
gone to his reward, whatever it may be, but for more
than twenty years he flourished, waxing fat or lean, ac-
cording to the times and the necessity for changing his
base of operations after each fresh onslaught upon the
treasure-chests of the tenderfoots. He was a survival
from the Bret Harte epoch, externally and internally,
except that he did not wear a beard. Physically he was
not large, but stocky in build, with a deep chest and an
iron jaw that bespoke tenacity of purpose.
He spoke two languages, Western United States and
profane, the two being so thoroughly admixed as to cause
one to think that the latter predominated, which, as a
matter of fact, it did. Take the lurid diction of a mule-
skinner's vocabulary, add the simple eloquence that
would charm a bird off a tree, and you have an unbeat-
able combination when directed against either the wise
men of the Bast or the unsophisticated denizens of the
Middle-West.
Barnum said that the people like to be fooled, and
especially do they like their doses of foolery coated with
romance, flavored with glittering promises, and washed
down with the hope of an affluence gained without exer-
tion on their part. All of these things this mine-pro-
moter furnished, again and again, with little if any
variation in method, and with only an occasional change
of base. California, Arizona, and Montana were the sites
of his various Lost Peglegs, with an occasional incursion
to Nevada by way of variety. His crops were harvested
in the Middle- West, and even in Southern California,
which the rich and idle Easterners make their play-
ground, while the land of Harry Lauder furnished at
least one batch of 'canny' Scots whose stock of 'siller'
was reducit mair than a wee drappie by a venture in
Montana.
He was no wholesaler, this promoter. None of his
stocks were hawked about either by salesmen or adver-
tisements. He published neither house-organ nor mar-
ket-letter. The New York curb knew him not, and the
time-worn expedient of wash-sales as bait for the unwary
■was regarded by him as the trick of a petty larcenist.
As a matter of fact, he was an artist in his chosen calling.
He was the Caruso of the mining game, a Corot in his
masterful command of colorful profanity, an alchemist
124
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
in his transmutation of basic quartz into shining coin of
the realm.
Always, he was within the law — just within. "When
the bubble was pricked, and the wails of anguish arose
to high heaven from those whom he victimized, they
found that they didn't have a leg to stand upon; there
was nothing to do but write it off: to experience account
and shut up. Again he was so very select, as a general
rule, in the choice of those whom he invited to "join him
in a mining venture ' ', that their very prominence worked
against a bleat of any volume. Men of that stamp hate
to admit that they have been done, and done brown, with
plenty of gravy. Rather do they shut up, pocket their
losses, and save their faces from the ridicule of their
friends, and, what is even more important, save their
reputations as shrewd men of affairs against the un-
doubted business injury that would react upon them from
too much publicity.
How did he do it? Here is a story that is fairly
typical. Up the principal street in the financial district
of a certain city strode a man of the great outdoors. His
tanned face showed exposure to the fierce desert sun-
shine. His gnarled hands bespoke familiarity with the
single-jack and shovel. Over his shoulder was an ore-
sack, bulging with specimens. His clothes were well cut
without being at all dandified, and he wore them with a
vigor and a grace that indicated a muscular body inured
to physical activity. Reaching a well-known banking-
house, he walked in without hesitation, stopped before
the desk provided for depositors, wrote out a check and
cashed it. It was during a slack period, and compara-
tively few people were about the room. Turning to one of
the assistant cashiers, who called him by name, he
growled, "I want to see the President; tell him I am
here". Evidently he was a man who was at least suffi-
ciently at home to command attention.
After a brief period of waiting, he was ushered into
the holy of holies. Still clutching his sack of samples
he greeted the great man, not in the least overawed by
the outward and visible signs of opulence, the oriental
rugs, mahogany tables and chairs, and oil paintings of
former financial dignitaries that graced the walls.
"How are you, Mr. Promoter?" said the president,
with the habitual air of reserve of the money lender, who
hesitates to commit himself in advance, on even so trivial
a matter as the state of the weather.
"How ami?" growled the promoter, "I'm fine as silk,
of course, and why not? Last week we were running a
cross-cut on the 100-ft. level of the Horned Toad shaft
calculated to cut the vein that made such a won-der-ful
showing in the surface croppings, the one I told you
about last month. Well, just look at this." With that,
he up-ended his sack on top of the president's shiny
mahogany table, and a veritable cataract of samples
poured forth. Quickly p pocket magnifying-glass was
produced, which, carefully freed from dust by rubbing
on the leg of the promoter's trousers, was brought into
requisition. Silence prevailed for several minutes. One
could see the bank president 's eye glitter with cupidity.
Here was money, even better, the real thing itself, gold,,
free gold, sticking out all over. The samples were liter-
ally riddled with it. Surely, that ore would go hundreds,
perhaps thousands, per ton.
WITH THAT HE UP-ENDED HIS SACK
After a short interval, the bank president brought him-
self out of his beautiful dream, and his habitual caution
struggled for recognition.
"Have you opened this up at all?" said he.
"Opened it up?" ejaculated the promoter. "Why I
am in on this thirty feet already, and I haven't struck
the foot-wall yet. It is a genuine fissure-vein, pitching
about 10 degrees from the vertical, and, you know, a
formation of that kind goes down all the way to China,
and gets richer the farther down you go. Just as soon
as I cut the foot-wall I am going to drift along the vein
so as to prove it up, and then put in a raise so as to
expose it on all four sides. I consider, from the showing
so far, that the Great Horned Toad property is bigger
and richer than the North Star or the Empire or any of
those others which have been paying big for fifty years."
"Well", said the president, with a sigh, "I suppose
you will have to go out and raise some money in order to
develop and put in a mill. ' '
"I don't know what I'll do", replied the promoter.
"The P. D. & Q. people had one of their experts around
the camp when the news of the great showing came out,
and they want me to see them today, but I don't suppose
they will give more than a half million for it as it stands,
and I don 't see why I should let them have a mine that
will be worth five million or more within a year or so for
any such figure as that. . What I would prefer is to let
some of my friends in on this and divide up with me, so
we will all make money and tell that P. D. & Q. crowd
to go to hell."
The fly was dangling, and the trout was about to rise.
' ' How much will it take ? ' ' asked the banker.
"Well, now", replied the promoter, "I figure that I
can enlarge and timber the working-shaft and sink it
another hundred feet for about $8000. Then I must
opi n up and develop about 50,000 tons of ore. which I
can do easily with about 500 ft. of additional work under-
bill
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
125
ground. Then, while that work is going on we can erect
a 20-atamp mill and a cyanide plant, install about lOu.ooo
gallons in water-storage capacity, build a bunk-house and
other necessary camp-buildings. I have made careful
estimates of the whole business, and," here the promoter
paused impressively, "you know I never make a mis-
take: $2(10.000 will do the whole job."
Now spoke the banker, the shrewd man of affairs.
"Entirely too much", he snapped. "You ought to get
along with about half that. A 10-stamp mill is plenty
big enough, and you can add to it from the earnings of
the property. Then, why do you have to do so much
work underground for the present 1 Why not get your
mill up. and mine as you go along? Make the property
pay its own way from the start. ' '
"That's a good idea", replied the promoter. The fish
was nibbling at the bait. "This ore is so rich that, even
milling only forty or fifty tons a day we can net five or
six hundred dollars right along, taking only the poorer
rock and leaving the rich ore in place.
"Five or six hundred dollars a day", mused the
hanker. That was $15,000 per month, $180,000 per year.
The investment was only $100,000. Truly, this was a
toothsome morsel. Yet, doubt began to assail him. His
habitual caution, struggling with the glittering promise
dangled before his eyes, clamored for recognition. Then
he spoke.
"I suppose you would have no objection to having an
engineer go over the property and make an examina-
tion", he suggested, hopefully.
"Engineer", snorted the promoter, contemptuously.
"Engineer, hell. Old maids in lace-boots, that went to
college and write a lot of dam-fool initials after their
names, think they can learn about mines from books,
spend their time chewing the rag- about pseudo-morphs
while some goat is paying $100 a day and all expenses
for their time. Then, after they are away a month they
write a hundred-page report with ninety-nine pages about
the weather, rainfall, and county politics, to say nothing
about a lot of bunk on the geology of the district that
nobody can make head or tail of, and then, in the last
page they say 'Safety First' and turn it down, bill here-
with for $3000, please remit. ' '
"Well", replied the banker, "I'll think it over and see
what I can do."
"I leave tonight for Boston", returned the promoter,
shortly. "There is a friend of mine there whom I
• promised to give the first chance whenever I struck any-
thing good. He wants to put up all the money himself,
and I have no objection to him, personally, as he is a fine
fellow. The only reason I spoke to you about it at all
was that I have taken a great fancy to you and would
• like to put you in the way of making a lot of money for
yourself. You could have taken the train back to the
mine with me and looked everything over, taken your own
samples and had them assayed anywhere you pleased.
!Then you could have joined me in this venture and
.looked after it yourself. Of course, you understand, I
don't want any money for myself. You can put in your
own book-keeper who will supervise all expenditures, and
assure that every cent you put up actually goes into the
mine and mill. We can organize a company and you
and your friends can have 55% of the stock, which will
give you control. I'll put in the mine for the remaining
45%, and you sign a contract agreeing to put tip a mill
and furnish the money for the additional development
work. You don't take any risk at all on that basis. Well,
I'm sorry to see you lose this chance." Picking up his
samples and putting them back in the sack the promoter
took his hat and started for the door.
The banker struggled. One hundred and eighty thou-
sand a year; 55% of the stock. Perhaps he could freeze
this innocent, rough, uneducated miner out, and get it
all for himself. He gulped a second in indecision, and
then, down went the bait, hook, sinker, and all.
"Hold on there a minute", said he. "I didn't say 1
wouldn 't go into it. ' '
"Well, I haven't got any time to waste fooling around
here", replied the promoter shortly. "You meet me on
the 6 : 10 train tonight. So long."
True enough, the banker met the 6 : 10 on schedule
time. With him was a lawyer friend, well versed in the
intricacies of legal chicanery. In due course of time,
after leaving the main line, a 20-mile stage-ride brought
them to their Golconda. It certainly was a picturesque
camp. A few tents, with flies to fend off part of the
fiercest rays of the midday sun, thatched on top with
desert willow. In the centre a larger tent, similarly
thatched, but open at the sides and end, served as what
would now be known as a conference room. In the middle
of the tent hung an olla, surrounded with moss, and filled
with delicious cool water. In the corner were sundry
cases of bottled goods, for snake-bites, probably.
BOTTLED GOODS FOR SNAKE BITES
Excavated into the hillside was a storehouse, filled with
choice cuts of meat, poultry, and groceries. Every day
500 pounds of ice was packed in burlap, and carried by
stage to the camp at a staggering cost.
Hot, tired, and dusty from their long ride, the visitors
were conducted to their quarters, where a cool shower
and a change of raiment — to say nothing of a real old-
time Scotch highball, tinkling with ice, the glass frosted
126
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
with the dew — restored good temper, good nature, and a
feeling of physical well-being that prepared the stage
for the second act in the little comedy, for in those days,
the 19th hole was still one up on the eighteenth amend-
ment.
His victims being now regaled and pleasantly relaxed,
the promoter brought out his specimens, and for two
hours entertained them with tales of the desert, the mines
he had opened, the money he had made for himself and
friends. He was a wonderful talker, which, coupled with
his picturesque profanity, caused kaleidoscopic visions of
roseate hue to chase themselves across the imagination of
his listeners. Already, they felt themselves fingering the
glittering gold-pieces, or shuffling the sheaves of crisp
banknotes, all won from Mother Earth.
After a dinner, or 'supper' as it is called, of unbeliev-
able sumptuousness, excellently prepared by the com-
petent cook at $150 per month, backed by an imported
cigar and washed down with the Haig & Haig of our
forefathers, the cold canny men of the money market
such as this. The work took several hours. It had to be
done carefully and painstakingly, not too much, nor yet
too little. It would never do to have the assay too high.
That would immediately suggest mining and shipping to
a smelter. The mill was what was wanted to play the
trick, and $20, $30, or $40 per ton was about right. There
are many ways of 'salting', from gold-dust propelled into
the face of the orebody with a shot-gun to manipulation
of the sample-sacks after they have been taken to the sur-
face, but this particular artist in mineralogical camou-
flage preferred to plant it where it would do the most
good, just like rows of potatoes. His work finally done
to his own meticulous satisfaction, he, tired but satisfied,
climbed the ladder to the surface, and, in turn, retired to
his simple couch, there too, to indulge in his roseate
dreams of the first stage in the shearing to take place on
the morrow.
Early the next morning, the captains of industry from
the busy city were awakened from their glittering dreams
by the musical clang of a triangle fabricated out of an
S
t
ill
DO HI GO DOWN ON THAT THING?
took to their tents, and were lulled to sleep by the dron-
ing of the night-roaming insects.
That night, after all was quiet, our mine promoter took
himself down the working-shaft, and then into the old
drift and cross-cut. Candle in hand, he went over each
inch of face with minute care. He did certain odd and
curious things at regular intervals, taking something
from his pocket, from a bulging ore-sack in his hand, and
apparently planting — what ? potatoes ? No indeed, ' salt ',
just salt, in grains and lumps, not the chloride of sodium
of commerce, but the good old specimen-rock, obtained
from somewhere or other in anticipation of an occasion
St
I
k
HI
old piece of drill-steel and beaten by the efficient Chinese i\
manager of the culinary department. "Bleakfass he
leadv. Hot cakee all catchum cole. Hully up quick
It
Jumping into their clothes, a quick lick and a promise i : -1
in the tin basin, and the banker and his lawyer friend 'j;
made their way to the cook-house with an unwonted
spring in their step, a resultant of the fresh early-morn-
ing air. Sitting on the rough benches, they did full
justice to the grape-fruit, crisp bacon and eggs, followed j «n
by hot cakes and syrup prepared by the hands of a
master. Oh, the psychology of the full stomach, and the
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
127
■numerable men and women who, since the day of Esau,
have sold their birthright for <i mesa of pottage 1
Joined by the promoter, who had been up and about
before them, their cigars lighted, they hied themselves
to the collar of the shaft. There was the usual little head-
frame, a 15-hp. gasoline hoist, and a 750-lb. bucket. The
two tenderfoots looked askance at the bucket, dangling:
just at the level of the opening, swaying a little and
twisting back and forth. A slight shiver passed over
them. Their cigars were suddenly bitter to their taste.
"Do we go down in that thing?" asked the banker,
doubtfully.
"Of course you do", replied the promoter. "It is
really very simple. Two of us go down at a time. Put
your left foot on the edge of the bucket. Hold on to the
rope with your hands, and fend off with your foot against
the sides of the shaft as you go. I'll do the same on the
other side of the bucket, and that balances the weight.
Your lawyer friend will come down after us with Mike,
the foreman. Come ahead now, let's get started, and
you had better put these candles in your pocket."
With many inward misgivings, the banker grasped the
oily rope with both hands, and, with one foot, stepped
gingerly upon the edge of the bucket. The promoter
duplicated this action on his side, and gave the signal to
lower. Down they went, the bucket swaying and twist-
ing, the banker trying to recall his boyhood prayers, now
long fallen into disuse. After a seemingly interminable
period, the bucket fetched up gently at the bottom^ and
they stepped off and lighted their candles to await the
coming of the lawyer and the foreman. Again the bucket
rose to the surface and returned, depositing its second
cargo of human freight. "Come along", said the pro-
moter, gruffly, "and I will show you the greatest ore
deposit you ever saw. ' '
Picking their way gingerly along the drift, they plod-
ded on, the fitful glare of the candles shedding a ghostly
light upon their white faces.
Now, from here on", said the promoter, indicating
the wall with his candle-stick, "you can take your sam-
ples. For 20 ft. this is all ore. It is all of good milling
grade, with a rich seam running through it a few inches
wide that will go hundreds of dollars to the ton. Now
here", pointing to a series of irregular seams, "is that
rich ore, and you don't want to bother with that because
that is too high in value. Here are some sacks, and you
3an take your samples now, or I will take some myself
jnd pan them for you right here before your eyes, so you
san see the free gold yourself. ' '
The banker and the lawyer exchanged glances. "We
will take some samples and see you pan them now", re-
plied the banker, "and then perhaps this afternoon or
xxmorrow morning before we have to catch the stage for
;own we can go underground ourselves and take some
pies home for assay. ' '
That is perfectly satisfactory to me", said the pro-
aoter; "go ahead and knock down your samples."
Gingerly they turned toward the wall. Taking their
landlesticks they made a . few gentle dabs at the rock
and succeeded in loosening a little piece which fell at
their feet.
"Hell", snorted the promoter, "that's no way to take
samples." He grasped his candlestick, and attacked tin-
wall, apparently at random, with such vim. that in a
minute or two, he had loosened enough fragments to make
a sizable pile. He gathered it up in a sample-cloth, and
carried it to a mortar, beside which was a pan, and a
bucket of water. The tenderfoots looked on in rapt ad-
miration. A vigorous pounding in the mortar soon pul-
verized the fragments. Scooping up a few handfuls he
filled the pan, plunged it into the bucket of water, and
then the really interesting part of the morning's enter-
tainment began.
THE EXPERT MANIPULATOR PANS THE SAMPLE
With that delicate undulating motion, the expert
manipulator began to pan the sample. As if by magic,
the coarser particles of ore came to the top and were dis-
carded. Little by little the contents of the pan were
lessened, until finally nothing was left but a few table-
spoonfuls of fine particles. With a quick twist of the
wrist, the sample feathered. There were a few shining
grains, that even in the half-light of the candles were
different from the rest.
"Here you are", granted the promoter, holding the
pan up to their view.
The two tenderfoots craned their necks forward to see ;
their mouths open in wonderment. Before their eyes was
a little string of particles, perhaps an inch long, shining,
glittering gold, the real thing. A sigh went forth from
both of them. They licked their chops in eager anticipa-
tion.
"How much gold is there?" asked the banker, the man
of figures.
"About a dollar and a half", replied the promoter.
"This ore is worth about $100 per ton. I will pan some
more. ' '
Quickly putting his thumb over the little thread of
gold particles, he plunged the pan into the water with
the apparent purpose of removing the result of his first
panning before adding another batch, but the thumb over
128
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
the gold kept it in place, ready to 'sweeten' the result of
the next test. His movements were so rapid that they
were not noticed.
Another sample was panned. The resultant gold was
nearly twice as much as the first. More oh's and ah's.
Again the performance was repeated with the same re-
sult. Clearly, this was a marvelous mine. Evidently the
promoter was too conservative in estimating its value.
Quickly the thought chased itself across their minds.
How could they get it all for themselves ?
"I think we will get your foreman to help us to take
some samples for assay now, while we are down below,
so we won't have to come back tomorrow", suggested the
lawyer.
"All right", acquiesced the promoter. "Mike, you
help these gentlemen take all the samples they want. I
will leave you now. Dinner will be ready in about an
hour." With that he departed, leaving the embryo
miners to their own devices.
With Mike on the job, they delved deep into the sur-
face of the orebody, carefully preserving the samples in
the little canvas bags provided by a thoughtful host for
the purpose. Each bag was tagged and numbered, al-
though why was not disclosed, as they had no map, nor
even a sketch upon which to locate the points from which
the samples were taken. However, such is life. The
doctor who essays to take his own legal advice, the lawyer
who believes in his heart that he is a great architect, and
the banker who makes his own mine examinations, are no
better than the stage Rube who thinks he knows under
which of the three little shells the nimble pea is reposing.
After an hour of toil in the dank depths of the earth,
the two tenderfoots, again wafted safely to the surface
through the agency of the asthmatic coughing gasoline
hoist, took their numerous sacks of samples to their tent
for safe keeping until the time of their departure. They
did not see the look of inquiry that passed from the pro-
moter to the foreman, nor his solemn wink in return, in-
dicating that all was well.
After brushing the evidence of toil from their clothes,
the investors again met the promoter at the conference
table, where cool drinks of a refreshing nature were
copiously applied where they would do the most good.
Soon the stage arrived, and the promoter sent them on
their way rejoicing. Why didn't he rush it through be-
fore they got away? He was too good a general for that.
Too great an eagerness to close* before the assays of their
' own ' samples had been assayed would have curdled the
cream. The time for the hurrah was not yet.
A day. two days, three days elapsed, and then a wire
came. ' ' Meet me at my office in two days. Assays satis-
factory", read the wire, that brought a grunt of satis-
faction from the promoter. Forthwith, he slammed a
change of clothing in his bag. caught the next stage for
the railroad where he took train for the city, arriving in
due course and taking up his quarters in the hotel. Im-
mediately tipon his arrival, he phoned the banker and
made an appointment for the following morning.
Tomorrow arrived on time, as it sometimes happens.
and promptly the promoter was ushered into the banker's
office, and the office boy was instructed that an important
conference was to be held and that he was to be incom-
municado until further notice. The lawyer, of course,
was on the job also, and there in a leather brief case was
a mass of imposing-looking documents. Cigars were
lighted, and the banker leaned back in his easy backed
swivel-chair, fitting beautifully into his surroundings.
Here, he was in his element.
"Well", began the banker, "we have had the assays
made, and they seem quite favorable. The thing looks
good", continued he, deliberately, "and Mr. Lawyer and
I will go into the thing in accordance with the general
terms you outlined, with certain modifications which I
believe you will be wise to accept. Where are those con-
tracts and incorporation papers?"
The promoter took the papers and skimmed over them
with apparent carelessness. Stripped of legal verbiage,
parties of assorted parts, if 's, and's, and aforesaid 's, they
contracted to furnish the sum of $100,000, to be placed
in their bank for the purchase of machinery and supplies,
subject to draft signed by the promoter and counter-
signed by a secretary to be appointed by the banker.
The banker was to O. K. the contract for the machinery
and mill construction. A corporation was to be formed
with a capital stock of $1,000,000, of which 45% was to
be paid to the promoter in consideration of his deeding
the mining property and all improvements thereon to
the company. The other 55% was to be given to the
banker, the lawyer, and two of their friends in return
for advancing the $100,000 for equipment. This $100,000
was to constitute a loan to the company, and was to be
repaid to the banker out of the first earnings of the com-
pany before any dividends were distributed to the stock-
holders. This was a pretty tight agreement, and the
banker was quite pleased with himself in consequence.
He waited for the promoter's verdict.
"Well", remarked the promoter, with a grin, "you
certainly have this proposition sewed up in a sack.
Now", he continued firmly, "there is one thing that I
want thoroughly understood. I, and nobody else, am
going to buy the mill and install it, and there is to be no
interference from anybody. I don 't care whether any of
you fellows have a nephew, or a son-in-law, or a friend
in the machinery business or not. I know exactly what
is wanted, and it goes in as I say, or this deal is off right
now. ' '
The banker hesitated for a minute. "There is a man
to whom the bank has advanced some money who has in-
vented a new process for taking the gold out of rock by
electricity, and I would like to give him a chance to put
in this plant", he said slowly, "but if you are so set on
having your own way, we will let it go. It is too bad,
though", he continued regretfully, "for this is a very
wonderful thing. There's nothing to it but some kind
of a dynamo and some wire, and a magnet. You just
crush the ore and then give it a little shock, and out
comes the gold. I wish you would change your mind
about it."
!':
IJI
tl
J
SI
-
In
<&
r !
"!■
|tl
lid
S;
fej
b
i
n
t;
k
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
129
"You leave that shook business to me", replied the
promoter, grimly. "I will take care of all the shocks that
go on around that mine. This mill is going to have ten
good honest stamps, with plates and a nice little cyanide
plant. We will have a power-plant, a good pump, and
ji hoist with an automatic self-dumping skip, too. This
plant is going to work, and work right, and any dam-fool
inventor who wants to come around that property and
shock my ore is going to take a long ride on the seat of
his pants."
That was final. The papers were signed, sealed, and
delivered. The funds were placed to the credit of the
promoter, and he started for the machinery district to
dicker for his plant. One week later he had contracted
for his machinery, lumber, cement, and other building
material, and. what was even more important, had had
himself interviewed by both morning and evening papers.
He was a picturesque character, and always good for a
stickful of copy. The interviews were corkers. The mine
was painted in glowing colors, as being simply rotten
with wealth. The reporters played it up with all the
language at their command, as they were assured in
advance that there was no stock for sale to anybody at
any price.
This done, the promoter hied himself back to the mine,
and then began a period of feverish activity. Work be-
gan on the mill grade, the construction crew was organ-
ized. Up went a boarding-house, cook-house, and mine
office, in which was installed an anemic-looking secretary
selected for the post by the banker. Soon, the first car-
load of equipment was hauled in, and the new mill began
to take form. Quietly, the promoter left for the nearest
town and insinuated himself into the graces of the local
correspondents for the city papers. He invited them
out to the mine. Took them all around, filled them with
good things to eat and drink, regaled them with tales of
his own prowess, and showed them assay report after
assay report of the workings of the Great Horned Toad
Mining & Milling Company. When they departed, each
with a nice pocket piece of specimen ore, richly sprink-
led with free gold, they had material for several Sunday
Supplement feature stories.
The promoter organized his publicity campaign with
the skill of a master. Every week or ten days, he would
drop into town, and feed boost talk to the correspondents.
He had just come from the assay-office and would show
them the results of the last 10 ft. in the south drift on
the 100-ft. level, or he had just traced the outcrop of the
rein for a thousand feet or so, and, just see what a won-
ier-ful showing it makes, and similar yarns with the
e single purpose. Weekly letters to the banker were
the same import. He wafted them along on billowy
ilouds of imagery; he filled them with dreams of afflu-
ifice; their nights were replete with beautiful dreams,
heir days with calculations of profits in six figures.
They talked. They always do. At the club, at the
'ffice, at their homes and those of their friends, at social
gatherings, even at vestry meetings, there was nothing
liscussed but that Horned Toad mine, and its wealth.
They were importuned on all sides !>y friends and ac-
quaintances to be allowed to participate. When the pro-
moter came to the city he was the cynosure of all eves.
He was dined, wined, and feted, and how he did bask in
the limelight, and enjoy his brief period of adulation and
flattery. Little by little the circle widened. The public-
ity, advertising, or whatever one may call it was insinuat-
ing its way through a constantly growing group of sheep,
who were fast approaching shearing. The time was near-
ly ripe for the grand coup.
In a few months the mill approached completion. Then
the day was set for the start, the launching of the enter-
prise that was to be marked by glittering bars of bullion.
MATERIAL FOR SEVERAL FEATURE STORIES
As the time grew nearer, the promoter was adding many
names to a little list in a memorandum book that never
left his possession. It consisted of men prominent in the
business affairs of the city where lived the banker, and
the lawyer, and made up the circle of acquaintances, in
one way or another made familiar with the progress of
the enterprise, and who had been under the influence of
the subtle campaign of publicity launched by the pro-
moter with the unwitting co-operation of his associates.
One short week before the time set for starting the mill,
a confederate of the promoter called upon him at the
mine. There, in the dark of the night, they conferred
long and earnestly. On the following day, without flour-
ish of trumpets, the confederate left for the city where the
banker and lawyer resided. In his pocket was a copy of
the promoters list taken from the little private memoran-
dum book. Also there was a bunch of neatly engraved
stock certificates, in small denominations, not more than
one or two hundred shares in each.
Upon his arrival at the city, he lost no time. One by
one, the men whose names were on the list were approach-
130
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
ec". To each, the confederate told the same story. After
swearing them to secrecy, he said that he was an old pros-
pector, that he had assisted in locating the Great Horned
Toad mine, that his share of the property was represented
in so many shares of stock. Here, he exhibited a cer-
tificate that had been duly endorsed over to him by the
promoter. He was hard up, broke in fact, and, although
he understood that it had turned out to be a great prop-
erty, he simply had to sell. Wonderful opportunity, a
chance to slip one over on a man hard up, and who would
have to accept most anything that was offered. He was
shrewd however, this innocent hard-up prospector. He
stuck out for a fair price, and, in almost no case did he
take more than 10% less than par. So well did he do his
work, so quietly did he go from man to man on the list,
that he was cleaned up a day or two before the time set
for the starting of the mill. Then a wire, a few cryptic
words to the promoter, and a visit to another bank, the
purchase of New York exchange for the entire amount,
and it was considerable, and he caught a train for Broad-
way.
The day of the grand opening had come. The stage
was set. The mill finished, the banquet table arranged
for the banker, the lawyer, and their friends who were
approaching the mine in special stages chartered for the
purpose. The table fairly groaned with good things.
THE TABLE FAIRLY GROANED WITH GOOD THINGS
There were whole baked hams, cold turkeys, salads,
relishes, superb hot biscuits prepared by the Chinese cook,
a master of Ms profession. There at the side of the open
tent, were tubs of bottled beer, surrounded by chunks of
ice. In other tubs were pieces of cracked ice to add the
necessary fillip to the famovfs Scotch, for which long
glasses were provided. The table was set for forty, and
as the first of the special stages rounded the turn, it ap-
peared as if everybody had come.
There was the new mill, clean cut and beautiful to the
eye. There the head-frame, there the new power plant,
with the business-like smoke pouring from the stack. As
the last stage came into view, the whistle blew, a loud
discordant note proclaiming the advent of the conquering
heroes, to whom the perils of the desert were as nothing.
Welcomed to the mine by the promoter, who was
wreathed in smiles, they were conducted to the primitive
wash-basins where they removed the stains of travel.
Then the feast, that wonderful feast, that was like noth-
ing else they had ever experienced. Filled to repletion,
they lolled back on the benches, their cigars lighted, and
listened to an impromptu address from the promoter. He
told them lovely things about themselves, how great they
all were, of the great debt that civilization owed to them,
those pioneers of the waste places. He told them about
the mine, as only he could, how rich it was, and how rich
it would make them. Then he took them underground in
batches and showed them around. He had put a round
of shots in the roof of the drift making passage next to
impossible. There they were, all dressed up. at times
crawling on their hands and knees, and even tummies,
candle in hand, down in the bowels of the earth, wishing
they were safely topside once more.
This finished, they were conducted around the mill.
They admired the imposing battery of stamps, they in-
spected the mysteries of crusher, automatic feeders, con-
centrating tables, the rows of tanks the purpose of which
was to them a profound mystery. Then, at a given word,
a rumble, then a creak, then a hum was heard. The darn
thing was running. The breaker began its crunch, crunch,
and the broken rock began to fall into the bin. Then the
roar of stamps was added to the din, and soon, a watery
mud began to trickle through the battery screens and run
down over the plates. Then the concentrators began to
shimmy, the filter revolved, in short everything was a
grand success.
"I don't see any gold," anxiously remarked one of the
guests. The promoter regarded him pityingly. ''We al-
ways start up with waste until everything is running
smoothly, and the adjustments are made," he replied.
Satisfied, pleased at this exhibition of foresight, the guest
retired. Taking the banker aside, the promoter said,
"Tomorrow I will turn everything over to the superin-
tendent you picked out, and who is due here iu the morn-
ing. I am tired out with my hard work getting this mine
started, and I am going to the seashore for a couple of
weeks. ' '
Surely, he was entitled to a rest, this hard worked
miner. The banker acquiesced with a smile. He re-
membered his instructions to the new superintendent,
"Run her for a week and then shut down for any reason
you like. Then we will declare a series of assessments
until we freeze that old duffer out."
The guests departed. The next morning the new super-
intendent arrived, and was met at the stage landing by
the promoter, all packed, bag and baggage, ready to take
the same stage out. "I am leaving everything for you
with the book-keeper. You are in full charge and will
report for instructions to Mr. Banker. I am going to the
seashore for a rest. So long", and that was all. But,
the promoter did not catch the train for the seashore. On
the contrary he caught the Limited for the East. and. in
course of time, at a well known New York hostelry, lie met
the hard-up prospector, now miraculously metamorphosed
into considerable of a dandy, who greeted him warmly,
almost affectionately.
The two retired to a room, where an interesting cere-
mony took place. It consisted of a division of sundry
bright looking documents, New York drafts aggregating
It
u
(■■■
Julv 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
131
a sum of money running into six figures. Le1 us leave
them fur the present, and return to the Qreal Homed
Toad mine, and follow the new superintended around.
This new saperintendent was a competent man. He
teemed to ignore the beautiful oew mill, the mine office
with its imposing sign, or the other surface indical ions of
something, whatever it might be, at depth. He went
immediately to his quarters, changed to his digging
clothes, proceeded to the hoist house, and gave orders to
be lowered. Candle in hand, accompanied by the fore-
man, he plodded through the short drift, crawled over the
material which had been broken from the roof in prepara-
tion for stoping operations. Every few feet he stopped,
looked, and listened for any explanation that the foreman
might offer. None was forthcoming. Silently he con-
tinued on his way, and reaching the end of the drift, he
turned, retraced his steps, and was hoisted to the surface.
Immediately he gave orders to shut down the mill.
His lunch was eaten in silence. Then he sent for the
foreman, and said, "We are going to sample this prop-
erty immediately, as best we can. Get a couple of men
with drills and get underground at once. I will show you
where I want the shots put in."
For three days, the men were busy putting in the holes.
Then they were fired, and the result carefully hoisted to
the surface, crushed, quartered, and delivered to the
assayer. A day or two later came the reports. Assay
after assay revealed the cold, pitiless fact that of Au there
was from a trace to 49c, and of Ag there was nothing that
could be determined. In order that no stone might be
left unturned, the superintendent then sampled the crop-
pings, as far as he could trace them. The result was the
same. There was nothing there, nothing but just plain
ordinary country rock. The dose was not palatable. It
lacked the pinch of salt.
Gathering up his documents, the superintendent caught
the first train to the city. Upon his arrival he met the
banker and the lawyer in the former's office, and there,
quietly and in simple language, he told those two shrewd
business men that they had been stung, that they had
been bamboozled to the Queen's taste, that there had been
nothing there, and that there was no indication that there
ever would be anything there.
Shock, followed by consternation, then wild rage
against the promoter who had dared to assault these
hitherto impregnable treasure chests, oh ! the language
that rose to the high heavens, as they called him every-
thing they could think of. They would have him arrest-
ed ; they would send him to the penitentiary for life.
Then the lawyer remembered that they had no grounds
whatever for any action. He remembered that of all the
crimes on the Penal Code, there was not one single one
that they could pin on that wily promoter. They had
been salted. Of that they were sure, otherwise how could
those marvelous assays be accounted for, but of evidence,
there was not one jot or tittle. They knew that the sam-
ples that had been assayed could not possibly have come
from the 'Great' Horned Toad, but prove it they could
not. There was no more. Of that they were sure.
Telephone calls from their circle of friends asking
anxiously when the first clean-up would be made, first
created suspicion, and then certainty, that the promoter
had unloaded his stock at good prices through their own
unwitting connivance. Little by little, as they began to
recall the facts, all the circumstances reassembled them-
selves in their minds, and they realized to the full, their
folly, and how cleverly they had been done. Analyzing
tin' whole scheme for flaws in their own procedure, the
banker, some months after, was heard to remark, "Well,
I suppose it would have been better for me to have sent
an engineer to examine the property before we got in so
deep, but, anyway," this to himself, consolingly, "I saved
two or three thousand dollars in engineers fees." His
friend, who had been listening, asked with a smile, "And
how much did you lose without the engineers' services?"
The banker, startled out of his calm, answered ' ' One hun-
dred thousand". Then he saw the drift of the question.
"Oh, go to hell," he snorted.
(
OAOT43N86H
.63.MUMIN
The Ievinebank smelting works, in North Queensland,
which were taken over by the Government last year for
a period of 34. months, up to December 31 produced 35
tons of tin valued at £11,770. The Government battery
at Bainford treated during the year 1070 tons of tin ore,
and 253 tons of ore containing wolfram, molybdenite,
etc., and the recoveries were : black tin, 25 tons, valued
at £3308 ; wolfram and bismuth, 44 tons, valued at £9783 ;
bismuth, £112 ; or a total of 904. tons of concentrate,
valued at £19,915. The plant is being further improved
by adding to the storage capacity of the bins and by the
addition of a magnetic separator for the purpose of sep-
arating bismuth and wolfram. The plant worked two
shifts during the greater part of the year. The report of
the Secretary for Mines states that the acquisition by
the Government of the Chillagoe smelters, railway, etc.,
has led to a great revival of industry in that locality, as
well as at Mungana and Einasleigh. About 75% of the
ore supply for the smelters is expected to be derived from
the last-mentioned mine. It is expected that the regular
output of the works will be at the rate of about 200 tons
per month. The complete return for March was: 153
tons of blister copper, containing 151.3 tons of pure cop-
per, 7650 oz. silver, and 111 oz. gold ; also 280 tons lead
bullion, containing 272 tons lead, 16,880 oz. silver, and
39 oz. gold.
132
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
Electro - Metallurgy of Manganese
Ore
Bulletin No. 5 of the Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion of the University of Washington, 'Electro-Metal-
lurgical and Electro-Chemical Industry in the State of
Washington', by Charles Denham Grier. gives the fol-
lowing brief description of the process in use at the
ferro-manganese plant of the Bilrowe Alloys Co. at
Taeoma. In this plant, manganese ores from Philips-
burg, Montana, are mixed with sufficient coke for reduc-
tion, limestone for fluxing, and a little metallic iron, and
then smelted in six single-phase open-top shaft furnaces.
Each furnace has a capacity of a little less than two tons
per day when operating on the best ores. Pour of these
furnaces are enclosed in shells of Win. boiler-plate, 77
in. diam.. 69 in. high, flanged at the top, with a 6-in. strip
of brass running from top to bottom to break the mag-
netic circuit. The shells are cooled by a water spray
from a perforated pipe that encircles the shell near the
top. The other two furnaces are of reinforced concrete,
7f ft. square on the outside with a circular central shaft
79 in. diam. The lining of both kinds of furnaces is the
same. At the bottom is a water-cooled cast-iron grid,
which is embedded in and under the rammed mixture of
ground carbon, graphite, and coal-tar that forms the
bottom of the crucible. The side-walls of the crucible
are made of California magnesite and extend up above
the smelting-zone. Above this, the lining is of hard-
burned firebrick, which will best withstand the abrasive
action of the charge and of the poking necessary to ensure
proper descent of the charge.
The two concrete furnaces each have a guide, which
extends from the sides and across the top of the furnace
to hold the electrode in the centre of the shaft. The
other furnaces lack this feature, and their electrodes are
merely supported by steel cables from a car-truck over-
head. In all except one furnace, 16-in. square, amor-
phous carbon electrodes are used ; in that one 20-in.
round electrodes of the same material are used. The
electrodes have threaded recesses in each end and new
lengths are joined to the electrode in place by means of a
threaded plug screwing into both pieces. A paste of
graphite and raw linseed oil is used between the surfaces
to increase the conductivity of the joint. Putting on a
new length requires from ten to, fifteen minutes with the
concrete furnaces, but from one to two hours on the other
furnaces.
The electrode-holders are in two parts, which clamp on
the sides of the electrodes. They are water-cooled. The
flexible water-connection required is an asbestos i-in.
steam-hose. These holders have arms that extend past
the side of the furnace where the clamps which make con-
nections with the leads are bolted on. A counterweight
balances this eccentric weight. Some trouble has been
experienced with the holders, as the electrode faces are
irregular and good contacts are not made over the entire
surface. This results in hot spots, which eat away the
carbon, sometimes producing an arc that attacks the cop-
per, and frequently allows the suspended electrode to
drop into the bath.
The power required for each furnace is approximately
350 kilowatts. The current is supplied to the terminals
of the furnace at about 55 volts. The power factor is ■
said to be about 90%. The conductors to the furnace,
which are $ by 6-in. bars, are placed close to each other
to minimize reactions, and the magnetic circuit in the
shell is opened by the strip of brass mentioned before.
The energy required per long ton of product is said to
vary between 4600 kilowatt-hours, which is the amount
used when running on the best ores, to an average of
5500 kilowatt-hours, which was the figure obtained over a
period of four months while using the different grades
of ore shown below. Power is purchased at rates varying
with the load factor, and this is usually such as to earn
a rate of from 3.31 to 3.52 mills per kilowatt-hour. Un^
der the power contract, the plant is subject to shut-down
in ease of low water. During the past two years it has
lost approximately ten days together with three or four
minor interruptions.
The following analyses represent the different grades
of Montana ore used :
Mn
%
Concentrate 40.1.3
Washed ore 42.07
Coarse rood ore 47.08
Coarse poor ore 38.27
The concentrate is fine and tends to pack in the fur-
nace so tightly that the gases formed by the furnace re-
actions cannot pass freely. The result is that gas ac-
cumulates until the pressure is high enough to force a
passage, which is usually along the electrodes, through
which it 'blows' with considerable force, materially
shortening the life of the electrode. To minimize this
trouble, coarse ore is mixed with the concentrate in equal
quantities. It is also found necessary to mix the ores so
that the AL0 3 content does not exceed 4%. Ores ex-
ceeding this amount yield a slag which does not separate
well from the metal, which is entangled in, and clings to,
the slag when cool.
Typical analyses of the ferro-manganese and the slag
produced are as follows :
SiO.
P
Fe
A1.0 S
Moisture
%
%
%
%
%
9.4
0.081
1.0
2.7
10.3
20.2
0.092
1.3
4.0
12.2
15.08
0.055
1.2
3.0
5.81
23.4
0.077
6.0
9.55
Ferro-Manganese
%
Manganese 80.03
Iron 11.5
Silicon 0.6
Phosphorus 0.274
Slag
«i
Manganese 13.97
Ferrous oxide 1.2
Silica 34.7
Lime 35. 8
Alumina 4.6
The ingredients of the charge are bedded in small bins
and are mixed by shoveling into the charge-cars which
carry it to the furnace. The furnaces are fed continu-
ously and are kept poked down at all times except during
the 20 minutes before tapping. It is desirable to have
the furnace crust over before tapping so that no im-
perfectly separated material will be tapped out. The
ferro-manganese and slag are tapped into shallow cars
every two hours, allowed to cool for several hours, after
which slag and metal separate along a clean line if the
charge has been correctly proportioned and the alloy is
ready for shipment.
July 24, 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
133
KEVIB
JNING
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FIELD
""" ■""■Iimilin I line i i iiiiiiiiiiuiti in in i , „,li mm, , , , , iniinn mini iiiiiii iii
ARIZONA
DRILLING CONTESTS AT JEROME.
Globe. — The Old Dominion company has developed
high-grade ore on the Maggie vein, north of the 'A' shaft
on the 19th level. Assays running from 10 to 34% have
been reported. The company is now cutting a station on
the 20th level, which will automatically drain the 19th
and permit active development on the Maggie vein at that
level. Production for the month of June was consider-
ably in excess of that for the month of May, which
amounted to 2,287,000 lb. of copper.
It is reported that the Arizona Commercial has opened
rich ore in its raise that is up a distance of 85 ft. from
the 1600-ft. level. This is now within 15 ft. of the 1500-ft.
level and practically assures the company 100 ft. of ore
yielding in the neighborhood of 10% copper. On the 4th
level, where commercial ore was recently found, drifting
continues with the orebody which shows no diminution
in size or quality. The company is producing 600,000
lb. of copper monthly at a cost of approximately 14e. per
pound.
During April, according to monthly bulletin sent to
stockholders by Frank P. Knight, president, the produc-
tion of the Iron Cap Copper Co. amounted to 654,125 lb.
of copper and 8807 oz. of silver. The mill is operating
satisfactorily and production is estimated at about 300
tons per day. It is said that on June 9 the Supreme Court
of Maine handed down decisions in the suits brought by
the Arizona Commercial company. In the apex-ease the
bill was sustained. Counsel for the Iron Cap has asked
for a re-hearing.
Bisbee. — The ventilating shaft which is being put
down in the neighborhood of the Briggs mine of the
Calumet & Arizona Mining Co., has reached a depth of
300 ft. An average of more than eight feet per day has
been attained since the work began, and during last week
54 ft. was sunk in six days. When completed the shaft
will be more than 800 ft. deep. The company is installing
two more boilers which will give the boiler-plant a total
of 15. The increased capacity is for use in handling the
increased flow of water that is expected to develop as the
Junction shaft is deepened. Plans for sinking the Junc-
tion shaft from the 1800 to the 2200-ft. level are now
der way.
Superior. — Announcement has been made that John
'owle, vice-president and general manager of the Silver
King of Arizona Mining Co., has been appointed receiver
of the company by the Superior Court. It appears the
Silver King company is having difficulty in financing
property and Mr. Fowle will keep the water pumped out
of the mine and look after the property generally.
Jerome. — Unusual interest was aroused by the drilling
contests held in the town of Jerome during the two holi-
days on July 4 and 5. Contests in both hand and ma-
chine-drilling were held. Seven teams of two men each,
entered' for the machine-drilling contest, two from the
United Verde, two from the United Verde Extension, and
one from the Jerome Verde. A large block of granite was
brought over from the famous granite mountains of Pres-
cott, expressly for the purpose. The betting was fast and
furious and several thousand dollars changed hands be-
fore the United Verde teams were declared the winners
of both first and second money. The first prize, which
amounted to $250, was won by Navarette and Navo, of
the United Verde. The winners showed them all a trick
by making but three changes of steel in drilling the last
hole instead of four changes as made by the other com-
petitors. Each team was required to drill two holes, one
above, and one below the bar, and the program for each
team was to set up the standard, attach the bar, connect
air and water-hose, drill a 5-ft. hole, turn the drill under
the bar, and drill another hole.
. The time taken by each team is as follows:
Team Set up
Gerkovich and Mrtieh 2:32
Gomez and Lopez 2:16
Vineente and Mendiaz 2:05
Lopez and Fernandez 1 :47
Navarette and Navo 2:03
The quickest set-up was made in 1 min. 47 sec., while
the longest took only 2 min. 32 sec. Ordinarily it takes a
man from 20 to 40 min. underground to set up and pre-
pare to drill his first hole.
Four teams entered for the double-jack hand-drilling-
contest: Townsend and Slade from the United Verde,
Lopez and Gomez from the Jerome-Verde, McKinnon and
McKinnon from the Grand Island, and Sehull and "Wolf
from Turkey. Thousands of dollars were wagered on the
contest. The results were as follows :
McKinnon brothers 31% inches
Sehull and Wolt 29 "
Lopez and Gomez 27 % "
Immediately at the conclusion of the contest Sehull
and Wolf challenged the winners to another competition
for a purse of $500 and the McKinnons not only accepted
the challenge but suggested that they still had another
$500 and would like to wager it as well. The local record
is 35f in. and the State record is 39| in., made 12 3 r ears
ago in Bisbee.
1st hole
Chang-e
2nd hole
Total
6:06
1:11
4:59
14:48
7:06
1:38
6.21%
17:21V-
7:59
1:20
7:19
18:43
7:21
0:50
6:34
16:32
6:28
0:56
4:54%
14:21%
134
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24, 1920
CALIFORNIA
SEVERAL MINES IN NEVADA COUNTY SUSPEND OPERATIONS.
Amador County. — The water level is being lowered
slowly at the Argonaut mine. The pumps are now work-
ing smoothly. Tanks are also used in hoisting water.
No move has yet been made by the Kennedy company to
operate its plant although the hoist has been completely
overhauled and placed in readiness to commence at any
moment. From what the public can learn it is believed
that a move will be made shortly by the Kennedy people
to bear their part of the expense in draining the under-
ground workings. At this writing the water has been
lowered about 65 ft. below the 3100-ft. level.
In cutting a station at the bottom of the recently sunk
section of the shaft at the Plymouth Consolidated mines,
a body of high-grade ore, assaying $70 per ton, was un-
covered. Just what the length and width of the new find
is, cannot be known until further development is done,
but 16 ft. of ore has already been cross-cut. The find is
important and comes at an opportune time. The ore
hoisted from drifting in the 600-ft. winze in the Bunker
Hill mine, from which so much was anticipated, is so low-
grade that it goes over the dump. Prospecting still con-
tinues. The Keystone at Amador City is doing nothing
beyond keeping the mine drained.
Nevada County. — The controversy which has existed
for a number of months between the North Star and
Empire Mining companies and other users of water and
the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. was recently decided by
the Railroad Commission in favor of the water-users.
The latter company sought to compel the water-users to
change to electricity necessitating the expenditure of
many thousands of dollars. After years of operation the
North Star Mines Co. has decided to abandon the Cham-
pion mine on Deer creek, a mile below Nevada City. The
property consists of a large area, the greater portion of
which has been acquired as the result of litigation with
the Home Mining Co and other properties, due to alleged
charges of trespass, and on account of a complex vein
system. The mine operated two shafts and was equipped
with a 40-stamp mill and a cyanide annex. Formerly
the mine was a producer but of late years small bodies of
ore encouraged continued prospecting until within the
last year. High costs and lack of ore-reserves have com-
pelled the company to close permanently. Nevada City
is thus left without a single quartz mine within its im-
mediate vicinity. A force of men is already at work dis-
mantling the machinery and buildings.
R. H. Long of San Francisco stated that the old Ex-
celsior mine at Meadow lake will be re-opened shortly,
treating the ores by the cyanide process. The Golden
Gate mine, idle for some time, has been abandoned. It
adjoins the Idaho-Maryland property. Operations at the
Lily have come to a temporary standstill pending a bet-
ter understanding among the stockholders. George Main-
hart of Nevada, Harvey I. Miller of Salt Lake City,
George Packard and J. S. Oiler of Boston, have recently
been looking over the Mother Lode section and the Grass
Valley district.
Placer County. — The Rising Sun mine at Colfax has
commenced mining in earnest, the 10-stamp mill treating
ore of ordinary grade. The ore is automatically handled
from skip to mill.
COLORADO
'DOLLAR' SILVER IS REVIVING COLORADO DISTRICTS.
Cripple Creek. — Old mines and old miners are mak-
ing good: as a result of recent work two rich gold dis-
coveries have recently been made. The first was at the
Strong mine, Battle mountain, near the surface, and the
second, at a depth of 750 ft., on the American Eagles
property, located personally by the late "W. S. Stratton.
An 'old timer', George Furst, has opened up a rich vein,
on the upper Strong fraction, immediately adjacent and
cutting into a later location the Queen of the Hills, of
the Portland company. Samples taken across 2,\ ft. of
vein matter, have returned $75 to $800 per ton. Furst
has taken out about 45 tons and his first shipment will be
loaded next week. He will install an electric hoist if re-
turns are as good as the assays.
The second discovery has been made by F. M. Kurie,
former superintendent of the Portland company, who has
been mining and shipping a good grade of milling ore
from two blocks of the Stratton estate, Bull hill, operated
through the Star of Bethlehem shaft. He recently se-
cured a modification of his lease whereby the depth was
extended and he was permitted to operate from the
American Eagles deep shaft. By a short cross-cut Kurie
has opened up, if not the vein he was seeking, one with
better prospects as two drifts now being run on the vein
have both breasts in ore and samples show four ounces
gold per ton.
A vein of altered granite, not hitherto cut on the prop-
erty, has been found in sinking the Empire State shaft
of the Isabella Mines Co., below the 900-ft. level station.
The vein has two streaks, two feet apart, that sample $30
to $50 per ton. It has a north-west strike and dips
strongly to the north-west. The shaft is to be continued
to the 1500-ft. point. Development work at the Last
Dollar shaft, Modoc Consolidated Mines Co., is centred
in the long cross-cut through the Combination claim, to
the north-west. This cross-cut when completed will be
2400 ft. in length, with cross-cuts at intervals to exploit
this undeveloped territory. The cross-cut should cut
every known vein and dike that traverses this claim. At
the 1200-ft. level, three veins are under development in
ground south and east of the shaft.
Gilpin County. — A rich strike has been made on Idaho
hill, on property adjoining the old Mackey mine, by the
Elk Park Mining Co., a Denver corporation. At a depth
of 200 ft. the Annie H. vein, first opened in an upper
shaft on the property, has been cut and samples assay two
ounces gold, 16% copper, and two to five ounces silver
per ton. In addition there is 2\ ft. of mill-ore assaying
$11 to $13 per ton. The company has a stamp-mill on the
property but plans to install a flotation unit to handle
the sulphide ore.
Georgetown. — A recently organized Wisconsin com-
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
135
pany, the Brown Deer Mining Co., is starting work on the
Reindeer lode near Silver Plume under management of
Thomas Buxton. Operations have Wen resumed in the
Cutley tunnel near Berthoud pass and on the property of
the Republican Mines Co. Contractors have started an
extension of the Clinton tunnel.
Central City. — Smelting-grade ore has been opened
up on the Annie H. mine at Apex, above Black Hawk.
The streak measures eight inches, in addition to some
mill-ore. Operations have been resumed on the Ever-
green property, and the milling-plant is shortly to resume
treatment. The Rochester tunnel of the Saco de Oro
company has been re-timbered and work resumed in the
breast, where streaks of galena have made their appear-
ance. The tunnel is heading for the discovery shaft,
where rich silver-lead ore formerly was mined. Silver-
bearing ore has been opened up in the Yankee Hill dis-
trict by owners of the Saunders-Gobelman property. The
Chase mine is to be unwatered and the shaft sunk 100 ft.
from its present depth of 450 ft. The Rara Avis, a silver-
lead producer, one of the richest mines of the earlier days,
has been leased to Kansas parties. The property has been
in litigation some 30 years and has been closed for this
time. The shaft is 550 ft. deep but in unworkable condi-
tion and a tunnel already in 600 ft. will be extended to
cut the shaft at the 300-ft. point. The property accord-
ing to the records has produced ore running as high as
1300 oz. silver per ton, and ore is reported by 'old timers'
to be still exposed in the lower workings.
Lake City. — A contract for 1000 ft. of work in the
Hidden Treasure tunnel has been awarded to local min-
ers and work has commenced. An aerial tram is to be
constructed from the Cleveland tunnel to an ore-house
under construction on the county road, thereby reducing
the haulage to the shipping point on the D. & R. G. rail-
road. The lessee on the Fannie Fern on Benson creek is
shipping silver-lead ore of high value to the smelter. The
Mountain Chief group near the Fannie Fern is being
operated by the Standard Mines Development Co., a com-
mon-law trust recently organized by G. R. Harkness,
prominent mining man of Hinsdale county, and Denver
men. Ore is exposed in tunnel-workings that assays as
high as 472 oz. silver and 1.63 oz. gold from the foot-wall
streak, with fully six feet of milling ore in addition. In
the shaft workings, ore assaying as high as 640 oz. has
been mined, and a tunnel is now projected to cut the
vein at depth. Dollar silver is proving an incentive to
silver mining and a number of Hinsdale county proper-
ties have recently been examined.
Silvebton. — The Early Bird property owned by C. B.
Mitzkie of Silverton and operated under bond and lease
is producing high-grade gold-silver ore. A recent ship-
ment of sacked ore, of small size, netted the operators
$1470. A second shipment of rich ore will be made soon.
The Bagley mill has been bought under writ of execution
"by C. B. Blitzkie and will be overhauled and put in con-
ditipn to treat custom ore. The Gnome Mining Co. has
increased the working force at its properties at Animas
Forks, where development is in progress.
MICHIGAN
OUTLOOK FOR THE COPPER PRODUCERS NOT IMPROVING.
The coal situation continues to be the most important
problem for every copper mine in Michigan. The prob-
lem is in no wise helped by knowledge of the fact that
there is no hope for any reduction in prices, and there is
doubt whether coal in sufficient amount can be secured
even at the present going prices. To add to the prevail-
ing pessimism there is the continued shortage of labor
and the fact that there is little evidence in present ship-
ments of an increased demand for the product of the
mines.
Wolverine is going to show an improvement in the con-
tent of its rock this month, and what is now going to the
Wolverine mill contains 20 lb. per ton. Wolverine No. 4
MASS COPPER IN THE QUINCY MINE, MICHIGAN
shaft is shut-down temporarily. The tonnage is increas-
ing from No. 3. The Wolverine stamp-mill is idle for a
few weeks to make repairs to the rock-bins, and the Wol-
verine ore is being cared for at the Mohawk mill. The
tonnage now is coming from the 38th level and the four
levels above, including the foot-wall, arches, and pillar*.
Wolverine now is holed-through to the North Kearsarge
so that it is not necessary to handle the extra water which
has been coming from the South Kearsarge.
Seneca's shaft now is approaching the 5th level. The
3rd and 4th level drifts are being pushed to the property
limits, with the thought of securing greater lateral dis-
tance before further stoping. This policy makes it neces-
sary, temporarily, to forego the increase in tonnage an-
ticipated. Under existing conditions of the market this
is not objectionable. Development work in the Gratiot
shaft is exposing much barrel and small mass material.
Mohawk is securing considerable silver from points be-
low the 16th level. It does not appear in nuggets, the
particles being quite fine, recoverable only in the smelter.
MONTANA
LUMP GULCH MINES ARE SHIPPING TO THE PLANT OP THE
NEW YORK-MONTANA TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
Marysville. — A new 5-ft. fissure has been opened
on the 400-ft. level of the Shannon mine of the Barnes-
136
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
July 24. 1920
King Development Co. The ore assays $14 per ton in
gold.
Helena. — Another high-grade ore-shoot has been open-
ed at the Vera Cruz mine in the Lump Gulch district
after drifting west and cross-cutting to the south from
the 4-ft. orebody recenty reported. The new ore-find
strikes with the first discovery and shows similar assay
values, namely, 5% copper, 78 oz. silver, 1 oz. gold, 18%
.l^di. ( ,]VI. J, McEvans is superintendent. Ores : from
both the Liverpool and Monarch mines are now being
treated at the plant of the New York-Montana Testing &
Engineering Co. Plans have already been completed for
increasing the output of this plant.
Neihart.— Practically normal conditions are prevail-
ing in most of the mines in this district. The Hartley
mine is employing 18 men. Ore is being taken out from
two stopes on the 300 : ft. level. At the Silver Belt and
Blackbird mines, similar conditions exist. Twenty-two
men are employed. Development work is being com-
pleted to connect the two mines and thus reduce haulage-
costs. On the 200-ft. level of the Silver Belt, a 4-ft.
vein has been uncovered. The ore is said to run 50 oz.
silver per ton and 35% in lead. After a second walk-out
at the Flohart mines, the men have returned and promise
to remain regardless of any further action by the labor
union. The wages and conditions are satisfactory.
NEVADA
ADDITIONAL TIME GIVEN IN SALE OP SILVER HILLS .MINE.
Tule Canton. — Three stamps that crush 10 tons each
daily have been added to the five light stamps in the old
mill at the Silver Hills, giving a total capacity of 40 tons.
Ore is being stoped from above the 50 and 100-ft. levels
and the mill-heads are maintained at 40 oz. silver. The
concentrate assays 1000 oz. The west drift on the 50-ft.
level is 85 ft. long and the east drift is 75 ft. long. The
west drift on the 100-ft. level is 65 ft. long and the east
drift is 90 ft. long. There is an 8-ft. width of 106-oz.
ore on this level. The shaft, which is being sunk from the
100-ft, level, has passed out of the vein and a cross-cut
will be driven at 200 ft. The condition of the vein at 200
ft. will, decide definitely whether the sale will be con-
cluded and Ingalls and Mercer, the owners, are so con-
fident ore 'will be found that they have extended the time
for the second payment from August to December.
Neither ore nor concentrate has been shipped since the
Silver Hill* started work. There has been found on the
50-ft. level a piece of almost pure silver five inches in
diameter. This was sent to the New York office of the
company. The inclined shaft now being sunk is single-
compartment, but if ore is found at 200 ft. a double-
compartment vertical shaft will be sunk and electric
power will be secured from the line of the Nevada-Cali-
fornia Power Co. at Palmetto. Thirty-five men are em-
ployed.
West Divide. — Work has been resumed in the West
Divide after a shut-down of two weeks caused by lack of
funds. L. L. Patrick, promoter and manager, says he has
oeen assured by Zeb Kendall, already heavily interested,
that he will furnish additional money sufficient to pros-
pect the vein at a depth of 150 ft. An inclined shaft was
sunk 65 ft. in the vein and drifts were driven with good
results. An old tunnel was then extended and a vein
was cut south of the shaft at a depth of 150 ft. This vein
was supposed to be the same as that in the shaft and a
drift was driven toward the shaft without opening ore.
When the drift reached a point under the shaft a re-
survey showed the possibility that the work had been
done in a parallel vein and a cross-cut was started to find
if this were true. This cross-cut is now 65 ft. long. It
will be advanced 10 ft. more and if another vein is not
found a raise will be driven from it.
Divide. — Work has been stopped at the Alto and East
Divide because of lack of funds, according to J. K.
Turner, consulting engineer for both companies. There
is 300.000 shares of stock in the Alto treasury, but to con-
tinue work it would have been necessary to sell thisat one
cent or less per share. "We can't interest anyone now
and intend to let the affairs of the company rest," Mr.
Turner said. The Eastern stockholders in the East
Divide are reported to have a plan to re-finance the com-
pany without levying an assessment. Sinking of the
Sutherland shaft has been stopped at 900 ft. and lateral
work has been started at this depth. At a meeting of
stockholders in the Belcher it was voted to reorganize the
company on an assessable basis. The shaft of the Gold
Zone, being sunk from the 500-ft. level, is nearing 800
ft., where an attempt will be made to find the extension of
the Tonopah Divide ore-shoots, which, according to engi-
neers, will be found in the Zone at this depth. The Ker-
nick, a short distance west of the Tonopah Divide, is-plan-
ning to sink to 1000 ft. from the present depth of 500.
It is said that before the present management took charge
the main south-east drift on the fifth level of the Tonopah
Divide was in error turned from the main vein and
driven outside the vein to the Gold Zone boundary line.
This is the most recent development in the efforts 'of
George H. Garrey and William Watters to determine
what became of most of the $9,000,000 worth of ore that
A. I. DArcy estimated was in the mine in July of last
year. Reports say the main vein has been found in a
cross-cut from the drift and engineers take this as an
indication that perhaps the future of the mine' is not as
black as it has been painted in recent months. A drift
on the third level has been driven 50 ft. in a vein parallel
to the main one, the ore for the width of the drift assay-
ing more than $35 for this distance. This vein has not
been cross-cut.
Railroad Springs. — The 70-f t. shaft of the Silver Coin
has been cleaned, a hoist and head-frame are in place, and
it is planned to sink the shaft to 100 ft. before drifts are
driven. J. K. Turner, consulting engineer to the com-
pany, estimates that there is four carloads of $60 ore
available for shipment through Goldfield. 23 miles north.
The Silver Coin is being developed under lease by the
Crescent Divide, which has $4000 to $5000 in the treas-
ury.
Goldfield. — Work from the 815-ft. level of the Grand-
July 24. 1920
MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS
137
ma has been stopped and sinking of the Bhaft has t n
resumed. The Great Bend, after driving around caving
ground on the 375-ft level, is cleaning the raise Erom this
level and When this lias been completed drifting from the
raise will be resumed. Ore ii to 9 in. wide and assaying
$815 for b distance of 12 ft, has l o found by a lessee on
the 60-ft. level of the old Patriek-lease shall of the Lone
Star. No work was done south of the shaft hy the early-
day lessees and the ore was found by drifting S ft. in
this direction. Work has been stopped on the 60-ft. level.
with the fai f the drift in rich ore. and a drift is being
driven at 80 ft. The company has started work at 220
and 250 ft. to search for the same shoot. When this ore
is shipped it will be the first to come from the Lone Star
this city on duly 13. Representing the < lommission were
Huston Thompson, chairman; Claude R, Porter, chief
counsel, and Gaylord R. Hawkins, assistant counsel,
Among the mining nun who were culled to testify were
Frank J. "Westenlt. seeretary of the Silver King Coalition
Mines Co. ; Geo. T. Hansen; of the .Mid vale Minerals Co. ;
Geo. \V. Lamboume, president and general manager of
the Judge Mining & Smelting Co.: O.'J; Salisbury, presi-
dent of the Itamshoi n Mining Co. of Idaho; L. D. Ander-
son, of the United States Smelting, Refining & Mining
Co.; and Anthony II. Godhe. president- of the Prince
Consolidated M. & S. Co. of Pioche, Nevada. The fol-
lowing day, Thomas Varley, superintendent of the local
station of the Bureau of Mines, was the principal wit-
Sl'RFACE PLANT AT THE VICTOR SHAFT, TONOPAH EXTENSION MINING. CO.
in many years. The find was made by Qeorge Meuli, a
ipoeket . hunter from the Mother Lode country in Cali-
fornia, after many efforts had been made by others to
open ore in the same workin 
TVNews
OpenLibrary